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Guedes J, da Costa Neto AB, Fernandes BF, Faneli AC, Ferreira MA, Amaral DC, Mora-Paez DJ, Ambrósio R. Myopia Prevalence in Latin American Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e63482. [PMID: 38952594 PMCID: PMC11216118 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although myopia is a growing global concern, comprehensive studies on its prevalence among Latin American (LATAM) children and adolescents are still lacking. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of myopia in LATAM children and adolescents aged three to 20. The study conducted a thorough literature search from January 1, 1975, to February 28, 2023, identifying 24 studies on the prevalence of myopia in LATAM that met the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment and standardized data collection were performed. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model due to heterogeneity and calculated prevalence rates. Finally, the analysis of data from 24 eligible studies revealed a myopia prevalence of 8.61% (range 0.80-47.36%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.22-13.87%, p < 0.05) among 165,721 LATAM children and adolescents. No significant age-based associations or temporal trends were observed in this study. Studies with non-cycloplegic or objective assessment exhibited a numerically higher, although statistically non-significant, myopia prevalence (10.62%, 95% CI: 4.9-21.6%) compared to studies using cycloplegia (7.17%, 95% CI: 3.40-14.50%). In conclusion, myopia affects approximately one in 11 LATAM children and adolescents. Given the increasing exposure of LATAM youth to known myopia risk factors, such as extensive near-work, online learning, and limited outdoor activities, it is crucial to monitor myopia trends in this region. Further research is imperative to address and prevent myopia in LATAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guedes
- Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Adriano C Faneli
- Medicine, Bahiana School of Public Health and Medicine, Salvador, BRA
| | | | - Dillan Cunha Amaral
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
| | - Denisse J Mora-Paez
- Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renato Ambrósio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
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Teran E, Romo-García E, Santiago HC. Refractive Errors of School Children from Economically Disadvantaged Areas in Northwest México. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3094. [PMID: 38892805 PMCID: PMC11172553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, are the leading causes of visual impairment in school-aged children and can significantly impact their academic performance and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of refractive errors among school children from economically disadvantaged areas in Northwest México, using a consistent methodology to facilitate comparison with global data. Methods: We adopted the Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC) protocol by the World Health Organization to examine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The study comprised a systematic sampling of children aged 6 to 18 years from diverse schools in Northwest México. Trained optometrists conducted visual acuity testing and autorefraction, while ophthalmologists performed cycloplegic refraction to ensure accuracy. Results: The study found a myopia (SE ≤-1.50 D at least one eye) prevalence of 14.55% (95% CI: 13.27-15.91), with a higher incidence in females (6.92%) compared to males (6.00%) in at least one eye. Hyperopia (SE ≥ +1.00 D at least one eye) was less common, at 3.23% (95% CI: 2.61-3.95), with a slightly higher occurrence in males in at least one eye. Astigmatism (Cylinder ≥ 0.75 D at least one eye) was present in 18.63% (95% CI: 17.21-20.12) of the students in at least one eye, with no significant difference between genders. These findings are consistent with other studies in regions such as Puerto Rico and Iran, indicating widespread refractive error issues among schoolchildren. Conclusions: The high prevalence of refractive errors, particularly myopia and astigmatism, highlights the critical need for regular vision screenings in schools and the implementation of public health interventions to provide corrective eyewear. Our study confirms the importance of utilizing standardized methodologies like the RESC protocol to compare refractive error prevalence across different geographical and socio-economic contexts, thereby informing global public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Teran
- Faculty of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Efrain Romo-García
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Research and Teaching in Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Hector C. Santiago
- School of Optometry, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, PR 00957, USA;
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Ren H, Jiang B, Liu G, Lu P. Global, regional, and national burdens of intraocular foreign bodies in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a trend analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2489. [PMID: 38087259 PMCID: PMC10717484 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate trends in global, regional, and national burdens of intraocular foreign bodies among children and adolescents (aged 0 - 19 years) between 1990 and 2019 according to age, sex, and socio-demographic index. METHODS This study obtained data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and evaluated the number of cases, rates per 100,000 persons, and average annual percentage changes among children and adolescents. The annual percentage changes in the incidence and years lived with disability rates across various age groups were investigated using joinpoint software. RESULTS For intraocular foreign bodies in children and adolescents, the incidence and year lived with disability rates decreased in all age groups between 1990 and 2019. However, the number of incident cases and years lived with disability increased from 1091.94 [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 610.91-1839.52] and 89,245 (95% UI, 6.65-18.67) in 1990 to 1134.85 (95% UI, 665.01-1867.50) and 92,108 (95% UI, 32,052-192,153) in 2019, respectively. Age was positively correlated with the number of cases, incidence, and years lived with disability rates. However, there were significant decreases in both the incidence and years lived with disability rates among children and adolescents, especially in the 15-18 years age group, males, and most high-income regions. Notably, the incidence and years lived with disability rates were significantly decreased in middle and high-middle socio-demographic index regions but were increased in low and low-middle socio-demographic index regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite the remarkable progress between 1990 and 2019 in reducing the global burden of intraocular foreign bodies, there has been an increase in the number of cases, with substantial disparity across age groups, sexes, regions, and countries. Our results could inform more effective strategies for reducing the burden among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Maniyali F, Sanchez O, Papaconstantinou E, Barakat C. Determinants of Health Care Needs in Relation to Vision Correction among Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6547. [PMID: 37623133 PMCID: PMC10454015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncorrected refractive error has been suggested to affect children's development, educational performance, and socialization. Sociodemographic and environmental differences among individuals may impact their accessibility to utilizing appropriate services, impacting their vision-dependent activities. METHODS Guided by the population health framework, this retrospective study assessed the prevalence of self-reported vision correction needs and its determinants for a sample of adolescents (n = 6363) from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) aged 13 to 20 years between 2007 to 2009. RESULTS The findings suggest a relatively high prevalence of self-reported vision correction needs (26.8%), with among 24.8% males and 31.7% among females. Factors that were significantly associated with vision correction needs included age, biological sex, location of residence (emirate), nationality, parental education and employment level, household financial status, screen time use, visiting an eye specialist in the past year, and daily functional capacity. CONCLUSION Reporting the vision correction needs of the adolescent population and identifying its determinants may help identify and resolve modifiable barriers to accessing the appropriate vision care resources. Further research in assessing the type of refractive error, potential genetic and environmental factors, and vision care services in each emirate may help decision-makers set appropriate policies to improve the overall quality of eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Maniyali
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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Wu J. Retrospective diagnosis of naked eye visual acuity (UCVA) variations in patients with refractive errors treated with SMILE, LASIK, and WF-LASIK refractive surgery. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37040470 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2199230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective assessment of the visual acuity (UCVA) variations in bare eyes of the refractive error cases treated with SMILE, LASIK and WF-LASIK. A retrospective selection of 126 patients with refractive error treated by refractive surgery admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and December 2021 were divided into three separate sets of patients according to their surgical methods: the SMILE cohort, the LASIK cohort, and the WF-LASIK cohort, and the three sets of patients were analyzed for bare eye visual acuity, refraction, higher-order aberration, BUT, SIt index, and complications, and the recovery effects of patients with the three surgical procedures. All three types of refractive surgery, SMILE, LASIK and WF-LASIK, can yield good surgical results in the reduction of refractive error, and patients with SMILE have better postoperative tear film stability, while patients with WF-LASIK have the best postoperative visual quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- ophthalmology department, Xining No.1 People's Hospital Ophthalmology, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Liu L, Jiao J, Yang X, Zhang J, Yu H, Li C, Pan L, Ma B, Sun H, Zhang J, Li Y. Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Blindness and Vision Loss in Children and Adolescents from 1990 to 2019: A Trend Analysis. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:575-587. [PMID: 36758807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide estimates for regional and national burdens of blindness and vision loss among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2019 by disease, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI). DESIGN This was a retrospective demographic analysis based on aggregated data. METHODS This was a population-based study using 1990-2019 data on the burden of vision loss and blindness from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. The burden of vision loss and blindness was evaluated in terms of case numbers, rates per 100 000 population, and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in prevalence rates and years lived with disability (YLDs). RESULTS Globally, the rates of blindness and vision loss per 100 000 population decreased in all age groups between 1990 and 2019, with prevalence rates decreasing from 1091.4 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 895.2-1326.1) to 1036.9 (95% UI, 847.8-1265.9, AAPC, -0.2) and YLDs decreasing from 44.5 (95% UI, 28.1-66.5) to 40.2 (95% UI, 25.1-60.7, AAPC, -0.4). Most of these reductions in prevalence rates (AAPC, -0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.2 to -0.1) and YLDs (AAPC, -0.2, 95% CI, -0.3 to -0.2) were due to decreases in refractive disorder. Notably, near-vision loss prevalence (AAPC, 0.3, 95% CI, 0.2-0.4) and YLDs (AAPC, 0.3, 95% CI, 0.2-0.4) substantially increased in all age groups. Children and adolescents in low- and low-middle SDI countries exhibited substantial decreases in the prevalence rates and YLDs of blindness and vision loss, but their counterparts in high- and middle-high SDI countries experienced a substantial increase in prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Globally, efforts in the past 3 decades have substantially decreased the burdens of blindness and vision loss among children and adolescents. However, there is extensive variation according to the kind of impairment, age group, and country SDI. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang Institute of Ophthalmology, Zhengda Guangming Ophthalmology Group, Weifang, Shandong
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Pan
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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