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Davies LN, Biswas S, Bullimore M, Cruickshank F, Estevez JJ, Khanal S, Kollbaum P, Marcotte-Collard R, Montani G, Plainis S, Richdale K, Simard P, Wolffsohn JS. BCLA CLEAR presbyopia: Mechanism and optics. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102185. [PMID: 38796331 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
With over a billion adults worldwide currently affected, presbyopia remains a ubiquitous, global problem. Despite over a century of study, the precise mechanism of ocular accommodation and presbyopia progression remains a topic of debate. Accordingly, this narrative review outlines the lenticular and extralenticular components of accommodation together with the impact of age on the accommodative apparatus, neural control of accommodation, models of accommodation, the impact of presbyopia on retinal image quality, and both historic and contemporary theories of presbyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon N Davies
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Sayantan Biswas
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Fiona Cruickshank
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jose J Estevez
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Optometry and Vision Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Safal Khanal
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sotiris Plainis
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Laboratory of Optics and Vision, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | | | - Patrick Simard
- School of Optometry, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Nankivil D, Cottaris NP, Brainard DH. Theoretical impact of chromatic aberration correction on visual acuity. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3265-3284. [PMID: 38855664 PMCID: PMC11161344 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
It has been known for more than 220 years that the image quality of the human eye is significantly degraded by chromatic aberrations. Recently, it was shown experimentally that correcting chromatic aberrations results in a 0.2- to 0.8-line improvement in visual acuity. Here we ask, is this expected? We developed tools that enable simulations of the optical impact of physiologically relevant amounts of chromatic aberration in real human eyes and combined these with tools that compute the visual acuity of an ideal observer. This allows us to characterize the theoretical impact of chromatic aberration correction on visual acuity. Results indicate a substantive improvement of 0.4- to 2-lines in ideal observer visual acuity with chromatic aberration correction. Ideal observer thresholds benefit significantly more from correction of longitudinal than correction of transverse chromatic aberration. Finally, improvements in ideal observer visual acuity are greater for subjects with less monochromatic aberration, such that subjects with better baseline optical quality benefit most from correction of chromatic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Nankivil
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Research & Development, 7500 Centurion Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA
| | - Nicolas P Cottaris
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Goddard Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David H Brainard
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Goddard Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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The role of retinotopic cues in deciphering the direction and magnitude of monocular dynamic ocular accommodation: A review. Vision Res 2022; 196:108026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Rucker F, Henriksen M, Yanase T, Taylor C. The role of temporal contrast and blue light in emmetropization. Vision Res 2018; 151:78-87. [PMID: 28734871 PMCID: PMC5794642 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A previous experiment showed that blue light (as a component of white light) protected against low temporal frequency dependent eye growth. This experiment investigated the role of temporal contrast. White leghorn chicks were exposed to white (with blue) or yellow (without blue) LED lighting modulated at either low (0.2Hz) or high (10Hz) temporal frequencies. Four cone contrast conditions were used: low (16%), medium (32%), medium-high (60%) and very-high (80%). Chicks were exposed to the lighting condition for 3days (mean 680lux). Exposure to high temporal frequencies, with very high temporal contrast, reduced eye growth, regardless of spectral content. However, at low temporal frequencies, eye growth was dependent on the illuminant. At lower temporal contrast levels, growth increased regardless of temporal or spectral characteristics. To conclude, very high temporal contrast, white light, provides a "stop" signal for eye growth that overrides temporal cues for growth that manifest in yellow light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Rucker
- New England College of Optometry, Dept. of Biomedical Science, 424 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Mark Henriksen
- Illinois College of Optometry, 3241 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Tiffany Yanase
- Marshall B. Ketchum University, 2575 Yorba Linda Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Christopher Taylor
- New England College of Optometry, Dept. of Biomedical Science, 424 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Moulakaki AI, Del Águila-Carrasco AJ, Esteve-Taboada JJ, Montés-Micó R. Effect of even and odd-order aberrations on the accommodation response. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:955-960. [PMID: 28730088 PMCID: PMC5515153 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.06.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential effect that odd and even-order monochromatic aberrations may have on the accommodation response of the human eye. METHODS Eight healthy subjects with astigmatism below 1 D, best corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better and normal findings in an ophthalmic examination were enrolled. An adaptive optics system was used in order to measure the accommodation response of the subjects' eyes under different conditions: with the natural aberrations being present, and with the odd and even-order aberrations being corrected. Three measurements of accommodation response were monocularly acquired at accommodation demands ranging from 0 to 4 D (0.5 D step). RESULTS The accommodative lag was greater for the accommodative demands of 1.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 D for the condition in which the even-order aberrations were corrected, in comparison to that obtained for the natural aberrations and corrected odd-order aberrations for the same accommodation demands. No statistically significant differences were found between the accommodation responses under the three conditions. CONCLUSION The odd and even-order aberrations are not helping the visual system to accommodate, because their partial correction do not affect the accommodation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini I Moulakaki
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Del Águila-Carrasco
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - José J Esteve-Taboada
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Robert Montés-Micó
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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