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Yang T, Kong J, Shao X, Meng Z, Liang P, Zhou N, Jing J, Zhang F, Cheng M, Liu Z, Xu X, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang T, Chen J, Sun X, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Jin B, Wang W, Huang M, Zhang K, Wang H, Li D. A statistical study of postmortem heart weight in Chinese adults. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 354:111912. [PMID: 38103455 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective assessment of cardiac hypertrophy in forensic pathology practice is of great significance for forensic pathologists, for whom reference values for normal heart weights are needed. Developed regions such as Europe, the United States, and Japan recalculate the weight of human organs at regular intervals, but in China, there has been no systematic calculation of the weights of human organs since 2006. AIMS To statistically analyse the heart weight of Chinese adults postmortem and obtain a reference range. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4170 adult autopsy reports were collected from 12 forensic departments in 10 provinces in China. The causes of death were classified by sex, and heart weight and the heart weight/body height ratio reference values were further calculated according to different body mass index and body heights. Finally, the cutoff value of cardiac hypertrophy in Chinese adults was calculated. RESULTS In the group of non-cardiovascular disease causes of death, the cardiac weight of the electric death group was higher, while the heart weight of the prolonged bed-rest group was significantly reduced. After the electric death and prolonged bed-rest groups were excluded, heart weight, the heart weight/body height ratio, and cutoff values for cardiac hypertrophy were further classified and analysed according to body mass index. The mean reference values for heart weight in men and women with normal weight status were 325.82 ± 41.60 g and 286.39 ± 44.84 g, and the heart weight/body height ratios were 1.95 ± 0.23 in men and 1.82 ± 0.27, respectively. The cutoff values for cardiac hypertrophy were 387.35 g for men and 346.80 g for women. CONCLUSION The heart weight reference values of both sexes in this study were significantly higher than those in 2006, which is considered related to the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards. This study also suggests the need for a new round of statistical surveys and updated data on the weight of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Kong
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Shao
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilin Meng
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Jing
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Guangdong Public Security Department, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Guangdong Public Security Department, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjia Liu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yingmin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine,School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences of Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xupeng Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University Forensic Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University Forensic Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mengxue Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Sichuan Huada Judicial Expertise Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongri Li
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Research Center of Traffic Accident Identification Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kuperczko D, Kenyeres P, Darnai G, Kovacs N, Janszky J. Sudden gamer death: non-violent death cases linked to playing video games. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:824. [PMID: 36564741 PMCID: PMC9789564 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an emerging problem. Rarely, media reports about people, who have died during playing video games, but thus far no systematic, scientific study is available about the topic. We investigated such cases, looking for common characteristics, connection between gaming and death, and the possible reasons leading to death. METHODS Cases were collected through internet search with general keywords, with ones specific to identified cases, and by working along cross references. RESULTS 24 cases were found: one from 1982, the others between 2002 and 2021. Twenty-three of the victims were male, age ranged from 11 to 40 years. More than half of the cases originated from Southeast Asia, and 12 deaths happened in internet cafes. Gamers played action-rich multiplayer games. In 18 cases the gaming session before death was extremely long (around a day or even several days) with minimal rest. The cause of death was pulmonary embolism in 5 cases, cerebral hemorrhage in 2 cases, most of the rest was presumably due to fatal cardiac arrhythmia. DISCUSSION Long sedentary position and dehydration may precipitate thromboembolism, acute blood pressure elevation during gaming may promote cerebral hemorrhage, and several factors (including acute and chronic sleep deprivation, exhaustion, stress) can lead to acute autonomic dysfunction and fatal arrhythmia. CONCLUSION Incidence of non-violent death cases linked to playing video games is presumably very low. It mostly occurs in young males and it is often characterized by extremely long gaming time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kuperczko
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Peter Kenyeres
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 94791st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Darnai
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kovacs
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Janszky
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Miao Q, Zhang YL, Miao QF, Yang XA, Zhang F, Yu YG, Li DR. Sudden Death from Ischemic Heart Disease While Driving: Cardiac Pathology, Clinical Characteristics, and Countermeasures. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929212. [PMID: 33495433 PMCID: PMC7847085 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden death from ischemic heart disease while driving is an important cause of traffic accidents. This study discusses causes of traffic accidents in relation to risk factors for acute myocardial infarction such as hypertension and overwork and provides references for the early prevention and regulation of drivers’ health conditions. Material/Methods Data on 21 cases of sudden death by ischemic heart disease while driving from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected. Age, symptoms, and cardiac pathological changes of patients were summarized by systematic anatomical and medical history data. Results Patients were 21 men with an average age of 47±7.27 years (most aged 40 to 60 years), and the average weight of their hearts was 439.45±76.3 g. Twelve patients had a history of hypertension, 8 had previous myocardial infarction, and 4 had fatty liver. All had at least 1 severe narrowing of a major coronary artery. Twelve patients died within a short period; 9 died more than 12 h after myocardial infarction onset. Ten patients had worked more than 80 h of overtime per month, 4 patients, more than 45 h, and 7 patients, less than 45 h. Conclusions Regular physical examination and information about ischemic heart disease should be emphasized for men aged 40 to 60 years who drive frequently, especially for those with hypertension, overwork, or previous myocardial infarction. Incorporating objective evaluation criteria for the severity of ischemic heart disease and overwork into health condition-related driving regulations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Miao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qi-Feng Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Traffic Accident Identification Engineering Technology, Center of Forensic Science Southern Medical University, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xing-An Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology, Ministry of Public Security, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Geng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology, Ministry of Public Security, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Ri Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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