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Yang Y, Wang J, Shi Y, Cao H, Wei L, Gao L, Liu M. Oxidation enhances the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics to mouse eye: Perspective from in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124633. [PMID: 39074689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitously dispersed in the environment, and undergoing the process of oxidation that alters their physical and chemical properties. Eyes, which directly interface with the external milieu, inevitably encounter MPs. Nonetheless, the ophthalmic toxicity of MPs towards organisms remains unclear. In this study, primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCECs), C57BL/6 mice, and CX3CrlGFP/+ mice were utilized to evaluate the toxicity and differences between oxidized low-density polyethylene MPs (modified-MPs) and low-density polyethylene MPs (virgin-MPs) on eyes. The results manifested that virgin-MPs and modified-MPs could be endocytosed by primary MCECs, resulting in a range of cellular damage. Furthermore, they could diminish tear secretion, increase intraocular pressure, and could be internalized into cornea and retina in mice, instigating a series of detrimental reactions. Importantly, modified-MPs exhibited heightened toxicity towards mouse eyes, seemingly due to oxidation enhances the interaction between virgin-MPs/modified-MPs and tissues/cells, and leading to the release of toxic substances increased. In conclusion, our discoveries demonstrate that oxidation exacerbates the harm of virgin-MPs to eyes, and are of great significance for evaluating the risk of MPs to ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yongpeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hanwen Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Mingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Łotowska JM, Sobaniec-Łotowska ME, Bobrus-Chociej A, Sobaniec P. The Ultrastructure of Hepatic Stellate Cell-Macrophage Intercellular Crosstalk as a New Morphological Insight into Phenomenon of Fibrogenesis in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031024. [PMID: 36769672 PMCID: PMC9917971 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the pioneering retrospective ultrastructural evaluation of respective forms of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and analysis of their crosstalk with other adjacent nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), especially Kupffer cells/macrophages (KCs/MPs), in pediatric autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS Ultrastructural assessment of the HSC population and NPCs was performed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using pretreatment liver biopsies from 25 children (8 boys and 17 girls) aged 4-17 with clinic-pathologically diagnosed untreated AIH. RESULTS Submicroscopic evaluation allowed easy identification of numerous HSCs in the form of transitory cells, i.e., T-HSCs, accompanied by signs of fibrosis. T-HSCs included cells with features of activation initiation (iHSCs) and activation perpetuation (pHSCs), indicating high HSC activation plasticity. The pHSCs were markedly elongated and mainly showed a distinct loss of lipid cytoplasmic material, expanded and dilated channels of granular endoplasmic reticulum, and linear bundles of microfilaments beneath the cell membrane. They were surrounded by usually mature collagen fibers. Frequently activated KCs/MPs adhered directly to T-HSCs. Between them, tight intercellular junctions were formed by means of point desmosomes. CONCLUSIONS Our qualitative TEM observations indicate a key role of T-HSCs in liver fibrogenesis in pediatric AIH, with the essential involvement of activated KCs/MPs that directly adhere to them. Tight intercellular junctions, being the ultrastructural exponent of the specific cellular mechanisms of the crosstalk between NPCs, can play a vital role in hepatic collagen fibroplasia. A better understanding of HSC population morphology at the ultrastructural level in AIH seems important not only to improve the disease morphological diagnostics but to also provide new insights into therapeutic interventions for the phenomenon of liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Maria Łotowska
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Elżbieta Sobaniec-Łotowska
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bobrus-Chociej
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobaniec
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.Ł.); (P.S.)
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3
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Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis and Its TCM Therapeutic Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5325431. [PMID: 35529927 PMCID: PMC9071861 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5325431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process of abnormal tissue proliferation in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors, which will further develop into cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma if liver injury is not intervened in time. As a diffuse progressive liver disease, its clinical manifestations are mostly excessive deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix resulting in scar formation due to liver injury. Hepatic fibrosis can be caused by hepatitis B and C, fatty liver, alcohol, and rare diseases such as hemochromatosis. As the metabolic center of the body, the liver regulates various vital activities. During the development of fibrosis, it is influenced by many other factors in addition to the central event of hepatic stellate cell activation. Currently, with the increasing understanding of TCM, the advantages of TCM with multiple components, pathways, and targets have been demonstrated. In this review, we will describe the factors influencing liver fibrosis, focusing on the effects of cells, intestinal flora, iron death, signaling pathways, autophagy and angiogenesis on liver fibrosis, and the therapeutic effects of herbal medicine on liver fibrosis.
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4
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Gabbia D, Carpi S, Sarcognato S, Cannella L, Colognesi M, Scaffidi M, Polini B, Digiacomo M, Esposito Salsano J, Manera C, Macchia M, Nieri P, Carrara M, Russo FP, Guido M, De Martin S. The Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleocanthal Exerts Antifibrotic Effects in the Liver. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715183. [PMID: 34671630 PMCID: PMC8521071 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, which is the outcome of wound-healing response to chronic liver damage, represents an unmet clinical need. This study evaluated the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the polyphenol oleocanthal (OC) extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by an in vitro/in vivo approach. The hepatic cell lines LX2 and HepG2 were used as in vitro models. The mRNA expression of pro-fibrogenic markers, namely alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), a panel of metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as well as the pro-oxidant genes NADPH oxidases (NOXs) 1 and 4 were evaluated in TGF-β activated LX2 cells by qRT-PCR. α-SMA and COL1A1 protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence coupled to confocal microscopy. VEGFA release from LX2 was measured by ELISA. We also evaluated the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by H2O2 activated- HepG2 cells. In vivo, OC was administered daily by oral gavage to Balb/C mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In this model, we measured the mRNA hepatic expression of the three pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL) IL6, IL17, IL23, chemokines such as C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12), and selected miRNAs (miR-181-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-101b-3p) by qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that OC significantly downregulated the gene/protein expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7 and VEGF as well as the oxidative enzymes NOX1 and 4 in TGFβ1-activated LX2 cells, and reduced the production of ROS by HepG2. In vivo OC, beside causing a significant reduction of fibrosis at histological assessment, counteracted the CCl4-induced upregulation of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory genes. Moreover, OC upregulated the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (miR-29b-3p and miR-101b-3p) reduced in fibrotic mice, while downregulated the pro-fibrotic miRNAs (miR-221-3p and miR-181-5p), which were dramatically upregulated in fibrotic mice. In conclusion, OC exerts a promising antifibrotic effect via a combined reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation involving putative miRNAs, which in turn reduces hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luana Cannella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Scaffidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jasmine Esposito Salsano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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5
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Liver fibrosis regression correlates with downregulation in liver angiogenesis in chronic hepatitis C through viral eradication. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1209-1217. [PMID: 32658008 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of viral eradication on hepatic angiogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the correlations of liver angiogenesis with liver fibrosis progression or regression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) after viral eradication. METHODS From 2003 to 2020, a cohort of 130 eligible participants underwent paired percutaneous liver biopsies (median = 48 months apart; range = 46-62) at the treatment baseline and after sustained virological response to CHC treatment at the tertiary referral center. The collagen proportionate area (CPA) of liver tissue sections was determined using picrosirius red staining through digital image analysis. CD34 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) phenotypically quantitated liver angiogenesis and myofibroblasts, respectively, through immunohistochemistry staining, to correlate the total, portal, and extraportal liver angiogenesis with fibrogenesis. RESULTS Paired histology manifested significant regressions in fibrosis stages, and necroinflammatory grades (both P < 0.001). The median of changes in CPAs (follow-up minus baseline) was -6.12% (interquartile range = -12.35 to -2.05%). The median of CPA changes per year was -1.38%/year (interquartile range = -2.98 to -0.51%/year). The significance of declines in total CD34 [coefficient (95% confidence interval), 5.577 (3.286-7.868); P < 0.001] outweighed α-SMA declines, when explaining (R2 = 0.522; adjusted R2 = 0.502) the CPA declines through multiple regression analysis adjusting for other histological variables. CONCLUSION Through viral eradication in CHC, the downregulated liver angiogenesis significantly explains the CPA regression.
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Shentu Y, Jiang H, Liu X, Chen H, Yang D, Zhang J, Cheng C, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Chen C, Zheng C, Zhou Y. Nestin Promotes Peritoneal Fibrosis by Protecting HIF1-α From Proteasomal Degradation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:517912. [PMID: 33391003 PMCID: PMC7772359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.517912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for end stage renal disease patients, but it can also cause peritoneal fibrosis. Nestin is known as a neural stem cell marker and it has many functions. The hypoxia induced factor (HIF) signaling pathway can be activated under hypoxia conditions, leading to the overexpression of some angiogenesis related genes. The aim of our study is to demonstrate Nestin’s role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF), and to provide a new target (Nestin) to treat PF. Methods PD mice models were constructed by an intraperitoneal administration of PDS at 10 ml/100g/d for 4 weeks. Nestin-positive cells were isolated from peritonea of Nestin-GFP mice by flow cytometry. The relationship of Nestin and HIF1-α-VEGFA pathway was detected by Nestin knockdown, Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Also, proteasomal activity was demonstrated by CHX and MG132 application, followed by Western blotting and Co-immunoprecipitation. Results In our experiments, we found that Nestin expression resulted in PF. Also, HIF1-α/VEGFA pathway was activated in PF. Nestin knockdown reduced the level of HIF1-α. Nestin directly bound to HIF1-α and protected HIF1-α from proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of HIF1-α reverts the fibrosis levels in Nestin-knockdown cells. In brief, Nestin inhibited the degradation of HIF1-α by mitigating its ubiquitination level, leading to the activation of HIF1-α signaling pathway, and eventually promoted PF. Conclusion We found a novel mechanism of PF that Nestin promotes by protecting HIF1-α from proteasomal degradation. Taken together, our key findings highlight a novel mechanism by which the silencing of Nestin hinders HIF1- α -induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanchang Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dicheng Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinqi Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yulin Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenfei Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Wang W, Huang X, Fan X, Yan J, Luan J. Progress in evaluating the status of hepatitis C infection based on the functional changes of hepatic stellate cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4116-4124. [PMID: 33000255 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the main causes of death in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Liver fibrosis is an important cause of cirrhosis and end‑stage liver disease after CHC infection. Along with the course of infection, liver fibrosis exhibits a progressive exacerbation. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes of the liver. During the chronic liver injury process, the activated HSCs transform into myofibroblasts, which are important cells in the development of liver fibrosis. At present, HCV infection still lacks specific markers for the accurate detection of the disease condition and progression. Therefore, the present review focused on HSCs, which are closely related to HCV‑infected liver fibrosis, and analyzed the changes in the HSCs, including their surface‑specific markers, cytokine production, activation, cell function and morphological structure. The present review aimed to propose novel diagnostic markers, at both the cellular and molecular level, which would be of great significance for the timely diagnosis of the disease. According to this aim, the characteristic changes of HSCs during HCV infection were reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhou Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Luan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Alpha-syntrophin deficiency protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated increase of macrophages, CD8 + T-cells and galectin-3 in the liver. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 113:104363. [PMID: 31881201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by immune cell infiltration. Loss of the scaffold protein alpha-syntrophin (SNTA) protected mice from hepatic inflammation in the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet model. Here, we determined increased numbers of macrophages and CD8+ T-cells in MCD diet induced NASH liver of wild type mice. In the mutant animals these NASH associated changes in immune cell composition were less pronounced. Further, there were more γδ T-cells in the NASH liver of the null mice. Galectin-3 protein in the hepatic non-parenchymal cell fraction was strongly induced in MCD diet fed wild type but not mutant mice. Antioxidant enzymes declined in NASH liver with no differences between the genotypes. To identify the target cells responsive to SNTA loss in-vitro experiments were performed. In the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2, SNTA did not regulate pro-fibrotic or antioxidant proteins like alpha-smooth muscle actin or catalase. Soluble galectin-3 was, however, reduced upon SNTA knock-down and increased upon SNTA overexpression. SNTA deficiency neither affected cell proliferation nor cell death of LX-2 cells. In the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 low SNTA indeed caused higher galectin-3 production whereas release of TNF and cell viability were normal. Moreover, SNTA had no effect on hepatocyte chemerin and CCL2 expression. Overall, SNTA loss improved NASH without causing major effects in macrophage, hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines. SNTA null mice fed the MCD diet had less body weight loss and this seems to contribute to improved liver health of the mutant mice.
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9
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CXCL16 Induces the Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis through Promoting the Phosphorylation of STAT3. Can Respir J 2019; 2019:2697376. [PMID: 31379980 PMCID: PMC6652085 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2697376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The transmembrane chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis, including the liver and kidney. However, the detailed biological function of CXCL16 is still not fully understood in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The aim of present study is to examine the function of CXCL16 in PF. Materials and Methods In this study, we constructed the PF model on mouse by using bleomycin and analyzed the effect of the mouse recombinant protein CXCL16 on mouse lung fibroblast L929 (LF) as well. To further examine the connection between CXCL16 and STAT3 in mouse LF cells, the STAT3 inhibitor AG490 was utilized to inhibit the expression of STAT3. Meanwhile, lipopolysaccharide was used to enhance the phosphorylation of STAT3 (p-STAT3) in mouse LF cells. Results Our results indicated that the level of CXCL16/CXCR6 was significantly upregulated in the mouse PF model. Moreover, the level of p-STAT3 was also promoted. In addition, the mouse recombinant protein CXCL16 not only contributed to the proliferation of mouse LF cells but also induced the expression of p-STAT3 in LF cells. However, the effect of CXCL16 was deeply abolished by the STAT3 inhibitor AG490 in LF cells. Meanwhile, the antibody of CXCL16 deeply reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cultured cells. Conclusions All these results demonstrated that CXCL16 promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 and further demonstrated that STAT3 was a critical component in CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathway. This research not only enhanced the comprehension of CXCL16 but also indicated its potential value as a target in the treatment for human PF.
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10
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Han Y, Pan L, Ran S, Song Y, Sun FF, Wang YZ, Hong Y. Rhizoma Paridis saponins ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in rats by downregulating expression of angiogenesis‑associated growth factors. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3548-3554. [PMID: 30864692 PMCID: PMC6471138 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS), the major active component of Rhizoma Paridis, may exhibit hepatoprotective effects. The present study aimed to identify the potential mechanism of RPS on hepatic injury and improvement in hepatic fibrosis (HF). A HF model was created in Sprague-Dawley rats by administration of carbon tetrachloride. RPS was administered for treatment following creation of the HF model. The protein and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. RPS was demonstrated to improve hepatic inflammation and decrease HF severity according to hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Following RPS treatment, the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde, and expression levels of the mRNA and protein of VEGF, ERK1/2, PDGF and α-SMA in the model group was decreased. By contrast, the content of glutathione-PX and superoxide dismutase was increased. These data suggest that RPS may treat HF primarily through downregulation of the expression levels of the mRNA and phosphorylated VEGF, ERK1/2, PDGF and α-SMA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Han
- Grade 3 Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Pan
- Grade 3 Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Shan Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhong Wang
- Grade 3 Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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11
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Zhao W, Zhang X, Zang L, Zhao P, Chen Y, Wang X. ILK promotes angiogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1101-1106. [PMID: 29963187 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic activity in solid tumors has been demonstrated to promote metastasis through the activation of certain proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated process. The molecular mechanism underlying multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis involves angiogenic cytokines by plasma cells as well as their induction within the microenvironment. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a highly evolutionarily conserved intracellular protein that was originally identified as an integrin-interacting protein, and extensive genetic and biochemical studies have identified ILK expression to be vital during tumor-driven angiogenesis. In the present study, it was identified that angiogenic factors were upregulated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that were co-cultured with multiple myeloma cell lines. It was also revealed that upregulated ILK expression significantly promoted the capillary-formation ability of MSCs. The concentrations of angiogenic factors were significantly decreased compared with non-targeting siRNA-transfected and control MSCs. MSCs may participate in inducing the angiogenic response in multiple myeloma depending on ILK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Li Zang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Gómez Villalobos MDJ, Vidrio S, Giles López R, Flores Gómez G, Chagoya de Sánchez V. A novel Golgi-Cox staining method for detecting and characterizing roles of the hepatic stellate cells in liver injury. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2017; 24:267-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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