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Santonocito R, Paladino L, Vitale AM, D’Amico G, Zummo FP, Pirrotta P, Raccosta S, Manno M, Accomando S, D’Arpa F, Carini F, Barone R, Rappa F, Marino Gammazza A, Bucchieri F, Cappello F, Caruso Bavisotto C. Nanovesicular Mediation of the Gut-Brain Axis by Probiotics: Insights into Irritable Bowel Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:296. [PMID: 38785778 PMCID: PMC11117693 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis, influenced by poor diet or stress, is associated with various systemic diseases. Probiotic supplements are recognized for stabilizing gut microbiota and alleviating gastrointestinal issues, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study focused on the tryptophan pathways, which are important for the regulation of serotonin levels, and on host physiology and behavior regulation. METHODS Nanovesicles were isolated from the plasma of subjects with chronic diarrhea, both before and after 60 days of consuming a probiotic mix (Acronelle®, Bromatech S.r.l., Milan, Italy). These nanovesicles were assessed for the presence of Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO 2). Furthermore, the probiotics mix, in combination with H2O2, was used to treat HT29 cells to explore its cytoprotective and anti-stress effect. RESULTS In vivo, levels of TDO 2 in nanovesicles were enhanced in the blood after probiotic treatment, suggesting a role in the gut-brain axis. In the in vitro model, a typical H2O2-induced stress effect occurred, which the probiotics mix was able to recover, showing a cytoprotective effect. The probiotics mix treatment significantly reduced the heat shock protein 60 kDa levels and was able to preserve intestinal integrity and barrier function by restoring the expression and redistribution of tight junction proteins. Moreover, the probiotics mix increased the expression of TDO 2 and serotonin receptors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the gut-brain axis mediation by nanovesicles, influencing central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Santonocito
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Giuseppa D’Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Paolo Pirrotta
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Manno
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Salvatore Accomando
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities “G D‘Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco D’Arpa
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, DICHIRONS, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Carini
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Rosario Barone
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
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Mishra Y, Mishra V, Aljabali AAA, El-Tanani M, Naikoo GA, Charbe N, Chava SR, Tambuwala MM. 3D Printed Personalized Colon-targeted Tablets: A Novel Approach in Ulcerative Colitis Management. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1211-1225. [PMID: 37718525 DOI: 10.2174/1567201821666230915150544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that are increasing in frequency and incidence worldwide, particularly in highly industrialized countries. Conventional tablets struggle to effectively deliver anti-inflammatory drugs since the inflammation is localized in different areas of the colon in each patient. The goal of 3D printing technology in pharmaceutics is to create personalized drug delivery systems (DDS) that are tailored to each individual's specific needs. This review provides an overview of existing 3D printing processes, with a focus on extrusion-based technologies, which have received the most attention. Personalized pharmaceutical products offer numerous benefits to patients worldwide, and 3D printing technology is becoming more affordable every day. Custom manufacturing of 3D printed tablets provides innovative ideas for developing a tailored colon DDS. In the future, 3D printing could be used to manufacture personalized tablets for UC patients based on the location of inflammation in the colon, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes and a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab)-144411, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab)-144411, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah PC 211, Oman
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics (Lake Nona), University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS. United Kingdom
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The Pathophysiological Role of Heat Shock Response in Autoimmunity: A Literature Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102626. [PMID: 34685607 PMCID: PMC8533860 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence that heat-shock proteins can have a differential influence on the immune system. They can either provoke or ameliorate immune responses. This review focuses on outlining the stimulatory as well as the inhibitory effects of heat-shock proteins 27, 40, 70, 65, 60, and 90 in experimental and clinical autoimmune settings.
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Hsp60 Quantification in Human Gastric Mucosa Shows Differences between Pathologies with Various Degrees of Proliferation and Malignancy Grade. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Stomach diseases are an important sector of gastroenterology, including proliferative benign; premalignant; and malignant pathologies of the gastric mucosa, such as gastritis, hyperplastic polyps, metaplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. There are data showing quantitative changes in chaperone system (CS) components in inflammatory pathologies and tumorigenesis, but their roles are poorly understood, and information pertaining to the stomach is scarce. Here, we report our findings on one CS component, the chaperone Hsp60, which we studied first considering its essential functions inside and outside mitochondria. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical experiments for Hsp60 in different samples of gastric mucosa. Results: The data obtained by quantitative analysis showed that the average percentages of Hsp60 were of 32.8 in normal mucosa; 33.5 in mild-to-moderate gastritis; 51.8 in severe gastritis; 58.5 in hyperplastic polyps; 67.0 in intestinal metaplasia; 89.4 in gastric dysplasia; and 92.5 in adenocarcinomas. Noteworthy were: (i) the difference between dysplasia and adenocarcinoma with the other pathologies; (ii) the progressive increase in Hsp60 from gastritis to hyperplastic polyp, gastric dysplasia, and gastric carcinoma; and (iii) the correlation of Hsp60 levels with histological patterns of cell proliferation and, especially, with tissue malignancy grades. Conclusions: This trend likely reflects the mounting need for cells for Hsp60 as they progress toward malignancy and is a useful indicator in differential diagnosis, as well as the call for research on the mechanisms underpinning the increase in Hsp60 and its possible roles in carcinogenesis.
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Edkins AL, Boshoff A. General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:11-73. [PMID: 34569020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a group of structurally diverse and highly conserved ubiquitous proteins. They play crucial roles in facilitating the correct folding of proteins in vivo by preventing protein aggregation or facilitating the appropriate folding and assembly of proteins. Heat shock proteins form the major class of molecular chaperones that are responsible for protein folding events in the cell. This is achieved by ATP-dependent (folding machines) or ATP-independent mechanisms (holders). Heat shock proteins are induced by a variety of stresses, besides heat shock. The large and varied heat shock protein class is categorised into several subfamilies based on their sizes in kDa namely, small Hsps (HSPB), J domain proteins (Hsp40/DNAJ), Hsp60 (HSPD/E; Chaperonins), Hsp70 (HSPA), Hsp90 (HSPC), and Hsp100. Heat shock proteins are localised to different compartments in the cell to carry out tasks specific to their environment. Most heat shock proteins form large oligomeric structures, and their functions are usually regulated by a variety of cochaperones and cofactors. Heat shock proteins do not function in isolation but are rather part of the chaperone network in the cell. The general structural and functional features of the major heat shock protein families are discussed, including their roles in human disease. Their function is particularly important in disease due to increased stress in the cell. Vector-borne parasites affecting human health encounter stress during transmission between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts. Members of the main classes of heat shock proteins are all represented in Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of cerebral malaria, and they play specific functions in differentiation, cytoprotection, signal transduction, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Hoter A, Naim HY. The Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Heat Shock Proteins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215331. [PMID: 31717769 PMCID: PMC6862201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial human intestinal disease that arises from numerous, yet incompletely defined, factors. Two main forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), lead to a chronic pathological form. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress-responsive molecules involved in various pathophysiological processes. Several lines of evidence link the expression of HSPs to the development and prognosis of IBD. HSP90, HSP70 and HSP60 have been reported to contribute to IBD in different aspects. Moreover, induction and/or targeted inhibition of specific HSPs have been suggested to ameliorate the disease consequences. In the present review, we shed the light on the role of HSPs in IBD and their targeting to prevent further disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt or
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y. Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8780; Fax: +49-511-953-8585
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Yuste-Calvo C, López-Santalla M, Zurita L, Cruz-Fernández CF, Sánchez F, Garín MI, Ponz F. Elongated Flexuous Plant Virus-Derived Nanoparticles Functionalized for Autoantibody Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1438. [PMID: 31658770 PMCID: PMC6835482 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles derived from the elongated flexuous capsids of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) have been shown to be efficient tools for antibody sensing with a very high sensitivity if adequately functionalized with the corresponding epitopes. Taking advantage of this possibility, TuMV virus-like particles (VLPs) have been genetically derivatized with a peptide from the chaperonin Hsp60, a protein described to be involved in inflammation processes and autoimmune diseases. Antibodies against the peptide have been previously shown to have a diagnostic value in at least one autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis. The functionalized Hsp60-VLPs showed their significant increase in sensing potency when compared to monoclonal antibody detection of the peptide in a conventional immunoassay. Additionally, the developed Hsp60-VLPs allowed the detection of autoantibodies against the Hsp60 peptide in an in vivo mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The detection of minute amounts of the autoantibodies allowed us to perform the analysis of their evolution during the progression of the disease. The anti-Hsp60 autoantibody levels in the sera of the inflamed mice went down during the induction phase of the disease. Increased levels of the anti-HSP60 autoantibodies were detected during the resolution phase of the disease. An extension of a previously proposed model for the involvement of Hsp60 in inflammatory processes is considered, incorporating a role for Hsp60 autoantibodies. This, and related models, can now be experimentally tested thanks to the autoantibody detection hypersensitivity provided by the functionalized VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Yuste-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes López-Santalla
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Zurita
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - César F Cruz-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Flora Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina I Garín
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
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Vocka M, Langer D, Fryba V, Petrtyl J, Hanus T, Kalousova M, Zima T, Petruzelka L. Novel serum markers HSP60, CHI3L1, and IGFBP-2 in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6284-6292. [PMID: 31788106 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading tumor diagnosis in women and men in the Czech Republic. Patient outcome depends on tumor stage at the time of diagnosis and, in metastatic disease, on the localization and extent of distant metastases. The early detection of metastatic liver disease is an important indication for liver surgery. Therefore, novel biomarkers are urgently required. Serum samples were collected from 97 patients with histologically confirmed metastatic CRC at the time of diagnosis or at the time of progression during palliative treatment, and 79 samples from healthy controls. All patients exhibited adequate liver and renal function and signed informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the current study. The serum levels of Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) were measured using immunochemistry. The serum levels of HSP60, CHI3L1 and IGFBP-2 were significantly higher in patients with CRC compared with healthy controls. When compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), HSP60 exhibited the same sensitivity and specificity, while CHI3L1 and IGFBP-2 exhibited decreased sensitivity. Additionally, the serum levels of HSP60 and IGFBP-2 were indicated to be correlated with the presence of liver metastases, which is in contrast to CEA and Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Patients with higher HSP60 and IGFBP-2 levels exhibited a significantly worse survival (P<0.001 and 0.007, respectively). The results of the current study indicate HSP60 to be an effective biomarker in patients with metastatic CRC, with it exhibiting an equal sensitivity to CEA. Additionally, HSP60 and IGFBP-2 levels also strongly correlated with extension of liver metastases and exhibited a prognostic value that contrasted that of CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Langer
- Surgery Department, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Military University Hospital in Prague, 169 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Fryba
- First Department of Surgery, Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Petrtyl
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hanus
- Department of Urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kalousova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Raghuwanshi N, Yadav TC, Srivastava AK, Raj U, Varadwaj P, Pruthi V. Structure-based drug designing and identification of Woodfordia fruticosa inhibitors targeted against heat shock protein (HSP70-1) as suppressor for Imiquimod-induced psoriasis like skin inflammation in mice model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:57-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Cappello F, Mazzola M, Jurjus A, Zeenny MN, Jurjus R, Carini F, Leone A, Bonaventura G, Tomasello G, Bucchieri F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Hsp60 as a Novel Target in IBD Management: A Prospect. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30800066 PMCID: PMC6376446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses various pathological conditions similar but distinct that share a multifactorial etiology, including involvement of the intestinal barrier function, the immune system, and intestinal microorganisms. Hsp60 is a chaperonin component of the chaperoning system, present in all cells and tissues, including the intestine. It plays important roles in cell physiology outside and inside mitochondria, its canonical place of residence. However, Hsp60 can also be pathogenic in many conditions, the Hsp60 chaperonopathies, possibly including IBD. The various clinico-pathological types of IBD have a complicated mix of causative factors, among which Hsp60 can be considered a putatively important driver of events and could play an etiopathogenic role. This possibility is discussed in this review. We also indicate that Hsp60 can be a biomarker useful in disease diagnosing and monitoring and, if found active in pathogenesis, should become a target for developing new therapies. The latter are particularly needed to alleviate patient suffering and to prevent complications, including colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Francesco Cappello,
| | - Margherita Mazzola
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Noel Zeenny
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty Development Associate for Education Research, Center for Faculty Excellence, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Francesco Carini
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bonaventura
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tomasello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore – Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore – Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Marino Gammazza A, Macaluso F, Di Felice V, Cappello F, Barone R. Hsp60 in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Biogenesis and Homeostasis: From Physical Exercise to Skeletal Muscle Pathology. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120224. [PMID: 30469470 PMCID: PMC6315887 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp60 is a molecular chaperone classically described as a mitochondrial protein with multiple roles in health and disease, participating to the maintenance of protein homeostasis. It is well known that skeletal muscle is a complex tissue, rich in proteins, that is, subjected to continuous rearrangements, and this homeostasis is affected by many different types of stimuli and stresses. The regular exercise induces specific histological and biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle fibers, such as hypertrophy and an increase of mitochondria activity and oxidative capacity. The current literature is lacking in information regarding Hsp60 involvement in skeletal muscle fiber biogenesis and regeneration during exercise, and in disease conditions. Here, we briefly discuss the functions of Hsp60 in skeletal muscle fibers during exercise, inflammation, and ageing. Moreover, the potential usage of Hsp60 as a marker for disease and the evaluation of novel treatment options is also discussed. However, some questions remain open, and further studies are needed to better understand Hsp60 involvement in skeletal muscle homeostasis during exercise and in pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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12
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Amato G, Romano G, Agrusa A, Rodolico V, Gordini L, Calò PG. Lipoma of the fossa femoralis mimicking a femoral hernia. Report of 2 cases. Int J Surg Case Rep 2018; 49:223-227. [PMID: 30032015 PMCID: PMC6076352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipoma of the femoral fossa is uncommon. Often asymptomatic, femoral lipoma may growth within the circumscribed space of the femoral fossa causing pain and discomfort. A worsening pain caused by a lipomatous mass in the femoral area is a clinical feature that can mislead the diagnosis, resembling the more common condition of femoral hernia. METHODS Two cases of symptomatic lipomas of the femoral fossa mimicking an incarcerated femoral hernia are presented. In both, Caucasian female, patients clinical examination and ultrasound of the femoral region revealed a painful neoplasm suspected for incarcerated femoral hernia. RESULTS Intraoperatively, a mass of encapsulated fat arising from the bottom of the fossa femoralis was found. No visceral protrusion through the femoral ring could be documented. The neoplasms were removed in toto. Histology of the excised specimens evidenced the diagnosis of femoral lipomas suffering by chronic compressive damages. In a midterm postoperative follow up, both patients were symptom- free. DISCUSION A correct preoperative diagnosis of femoral lipoma is challenging, even following an accurate diagnostic pathway. The cases highlighted herewith seem to confirm that lipoma of the femoral fossa can be mistaken with a femoral hernia. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and histological features evidenced could result helpful in the differentiation of a lipomatous mass of the femoral fossa from a genuine femoral hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amato
- Postgraduate School of General Surgery, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - G Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Urgency, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - A Agrusa
- Department of General Surgery and Urgency, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - V Rodolico
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - L Gordini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - P G Calò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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13
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Meng Q, Li BX, Xiao X. Toward Developing Chemical Modulators of Hsp60 as Potential Therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 29732373 PMCID: PMC5920047 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 60 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60) is classically known as a mitochondrial chaperonin protein working together with co-chaperonin 10 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp10). This chaperonin complex is essential for folding proteins newly imported into mitochondria. However, Hsp60, and/or Hsp10 have also been shown to reside in other subcellular compartments including extracellular space, cytosol, and nucleus. The proteins in these extra-mitochondrial compartments may possess a wide range of functions dependent or independent of its chaperoning activity. But the mechanistic details remain unknown. Mutations in Hsp60 gene have been shown to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormality in expression level and/or subcellular localization have also been detected from different diseased tissues including inflammatory diseases and various cancers. Therefore, there is a strong interest in developing small molecule modulators of Hsp60. Most of the reported inhibitors were discovered through various chemoproteomics strategies. In this review, we will describe the recent progress in this area with reported inhibitors from both natural products and synthetic compounds. The former includes mizoribine, epolactaene, myrtucommulone, stephacidin B, and avrainvillamide while the latter includes o-carboranylphenoxyacetanilides and gold (III) porphyrins. The potencies of the known inhibitors range from low micromolar to millimolar concentrations. The potential applications of these inhibitors include anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory diseases, and anti-autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Meng
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Bingbing X Li
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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14
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Cappello F, Conway de Macario E, Rappa F, Zummo G, Macario AJL. Immunohistochemistry of Human Hsp60 in Health and Disease: From Autoimmunity to Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1709:293-305. [PMID: 29177667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7477-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hsp60 (also called Cpn60) is a chaperonin with essential functions for cell physiology and survival. Additionally, its involvement in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases (e.g., some autoimmune disorders and cancer) is becoming evident with new research. For example, the distribution and levels of Hsp60 in cells and tissues have been found altered in many pathologic conditions, and the significance of these alterations is being investigated in a number of laboratories. The aim of this ongoing research is to determine the meaning of these Hsp60 alterations with regard to pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, classification of lesions, and assessing prognosis and response to treatment.Hsp60 occurs in the mitochondria, i.e., its typical residence according to classic knowledge, and also in other locales, such as the cytosol, the cell membrane, the intercellular space, and biological fluids (e.g., blood and cerebrospinal fluid). Detection and quantitative determinations in all these locations are becoming essential components of laboratory pathology in clinics and research. Consequently, immunohistochemistry targeting Hsp60 is also becoming essential for pathologists and researchers interested in disorders involving this chaperonin.In this chapter, we summarize some recent discoveries on the participation of Hsp60 in the pathogenesis of human diseases, and describe in detail how to perform immunohistochemical reactions for detecting the chaperonin, determining its location, and measuring its quantitative levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET; Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET; Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
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15
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d'Ettorre G, Rossi G, Scagnolari C, Andreotti M, Giustini N, Serafino S, Schietroma I, Scheri GC, Fard SN, Trinchieri V, Mastromarino P, Selvaggi C, Scarpona S, Fanello G, Fiocca F, Ceccarelli G, Antonelli G, Brenchley JM, Vullo V. Probiotic supplementation promotes a reduction in T-cell activation, an increase in Th17 frequencies, and a recovery of intestinal epithelium integrity and mitochondrial morphology in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:244-260. [PMID: 28474815 PMCID: PMC5569369 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV infection is characterized by a persistent immune activation associated to a compromised gut barrier immunity and alterations in the profile of the fecal flora linked with the progression of inflammatory symptoms. The effects of high concentration multistrain probiotic (Vivomixx®, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy in EU; Visbiome®, Dupont, Madison, Wisconsin in USA) on several aspects of intestinal immunity in ART-experienced HIV-1 patients was evaluated. METHODS A sub-study of a longitudinal pilot study was performed in HIV-1 patients who received the probiotic supplement twice a day for 6 months (T6). T-cell activation and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets expressing IFNγ (Th1, Tc1) or IL-17A (Th17, Tc17) were stained by cytoflorimetric analysis. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on intestinal biopsies while enterocytes apoptosis index was determined by TUNEL assay. RESULTS A reduction in the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, expressing CD38+ , HLA-DR+ , or both, and an increase in the percentage of Th17 cell subsets, especially those with central or effector memory phenotype, was recorded in the peripheral blood and in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) after probiotic intervention. Conversely, Tc1 and Tc17 levels remained substantially unchanged at T6, while Th1 cell subsets increase in the GALT. Probiotic supplementation was also associated to a recovery of the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier, a reduction of both intraepithelial lymphocytes density and enterocyte apoptosis and, an improvement of mitochondrial morphology sustained in part by a modulation of heat shock protein 60. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation for the reconstitution of physical and immunological integrity of the mucosal intestinal barrier in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesAzienda Policlinico Umberto I of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of BiosciencesVeterinary Medicine University of CamerinoMatelicaItaly
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines EvaluationItalian Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Noemi Giustini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Sara Serafino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Saeid Najafi Fard
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Vito Trinchieri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Section of MicrobiologyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Carla Selvaggi
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Silvia Scarpona
- School of BiosciencesVeterinary Medicine University of CamerinoMatelicaItaly
| | - Gianfranco Fanello
- Department of Emergency Surgery—Emergency Endoscopic UnitPoliclinico Umberto ISapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Fausto Fiocca
- Department of Emergency Surgery—Emergency Endoscopic UnitPoliclinico Umberto ISapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesAzienda Policlinico Umberto I of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Laboratory of Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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16
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK. Pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease: understanding treatment response and personalizing therapeutic strategies. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2017; 10:197-204. [PMID: 28603427 PMCID: PMC5457182 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and heterogeneous disorder characterized by remitting and relapsing periods of activity. Pharmacogenetics refers to the study of the effect of inheritance on individual variation in drug responses. Several drug-related markers in IBD patients have been identified in order to predict the response to medical treatment including biological therapy as well as the reduction of adverse events. In the future, the treatment of IBD should be personalized in its specific profile to provide the most efficacious treatment with lack of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
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17
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Structure-Based Drug Designing and Simulation Studies for Finding Novel Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) as Suppressors for Psoriasis. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 10:271-281. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Palumbo VD, Romeo M, Gammazza AM, Carini F, Damiani P, Damiano G, Buscemi S, Lo Monte AI, Gerges-Geagea A, Jurjus A, Tomasello G. The long-term effects of probiotics in the therapy of ulcerative colitis: A clinical study. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:372-7. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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19
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Quetglas EG, Mujagic Z, Wigge S, Keszthelyi D, Wachten S, Masclee A, Reinisch W. Update on pathogenesis and predictors of response of therapeutic strategies used in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12519-12543. [PMID: 26640330 PMCID: PMC4658608 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for biomarkers that characterize specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has received substantial interest in the past years and is moving forward rapidly with the help of modern technologies. Nevertheless, there is a direct demand to identify adequate biomarkers for predicting and evaluating therapeutic response to different therapies. In this subset, pharmacogenetics deserves more attention as part of the endeavor to provide personalized medicine. The ultimate goal in this area is the adjustment of medication for a patient’s specific genetic background and thereby to improve drug efficacy and safety rates. The aim of the following review is to utilize the latest knowledge on immunopathogenesis of IBD and update the findings on the field of Immunology and Genetics, to evaluate the response to the different therapies. In the present article, more than 400 publications were reviewed but finally 287 included based on design, reproducibility (or expectancy to be reproducible and translationable into humans) or already measured in humans. A few tests have shown clinical applicability. Other, i.e., genetic associations for the different therapies in IBD have not yet shown consistent or robust results. In the close future it is anticipated that this, cellular and genetic material, as well as the determination of biomarkers will be implemented in an integrated molecular diagnostic and prognostic approach to manage IBD patients.
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20
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Campanella C, Rappa F, Sciumè C, Marino Gammazza A, Barone R, Bucchieri F, David S, Curcurù G, Caruso Bavisotto C, Pitruzzella A, Geraci G, Modica G, Farina F, Zummo G, Fais S, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Heat shock protein 60 levels in tissue and circulating exosomes in human large bowel cancer before and after ablative surgery. Cancer 2015; 121:3230-9. [PMID: 26060090 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin involved in tumorigenesis, but its participation in tumor development and progression is not well understood and its value as a tumor biomarker has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the authors presented evidence supporting the theory that Hsp60 has potential as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in patients with large bowel cancer. METHODS The authors studied a population of 97 subjects, including patients and controls. Immunomorphology, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed on tissue specimens. Exosomes were isolated from blood and characterized by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Hsp60 was found to be increased in cancerous tissue, in which it was localized in the tumor cell plasma membrane, and in the interstitium associated with cells of the immune system, in which it was associated with exosomes liberated by tumor cells and, as such, circulated in the blood. An interesting finding was that these parameters returned to normal shortly after tumor removal. CONCLUSIONS The data from the current study suggested that Hsp60 is a good candidate for theranostics applied to patients with large bowel carcinoma and encourage similar research among patients with other tumors in which Hsp60 has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Campanella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Legal Science, Society and Sports, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Sciumè
- Department of Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina David
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcurù
- Department of Chemical, Management, Informatics and Mechanical Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Geraci
- Department of Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Modica
- Department of Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Farina
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
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21
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22
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Kasperkiewicz M, Tukaj S, Gembicki AJ, Silló P, Görög A, Zillikens D, Kárpáti S. Evidence for a role of autoantibodies to heat shock protein 60, 70, and 90 in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:837-43. [PMID: 24643797 PMCID: PMC4389843 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are highly conserved immunomodulatory molecules upregulated when cells are exposed to stressful stimuli, such as inflammation. Their involvement in various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune bullous diseases and celiac disease, has been increasingly recognized. To further study the role of Hsp in autoimmune bullous diseases, we have investigated for the first time the humoral autoimmune response to Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH; n = 26), bullous pemphigoid (BP; n = 23), and pemphigus vulgaris (PV; n = 16), the first representing a cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease. While in patients with active BP and PV, serum levels of autoantibodies against these Hsp did not differ from the corresponding age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 9-14); circulating autoantibodies against Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 were found to be increased at the active disease stage of DH. Further analysis of this latter patient subgroup showed that these anti-Hsp autoantibodies decreased in parallel with serum autoantibodies against epidermal and tissue transglutaminase during remission of skin lesions following a gluten-free diet, revealing significantly positive correlations. Although further studies on larger groups of patients will be needed to confirm the present data, our results support the notion that autoantibodies against Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 deserve attention in the study of the mechanisms that promote the development and maintenance of DH and possibly also the underlying celiac disease as well as potential novel disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany,
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23
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Marino Gammazza A, Rizzo M, Citarrella R, Rappa F, Campanella C, Bucchieri F, Patti A, Nikolic D, Cabibi D, Amico G, Conaldi PG, San Biagio PL, Montalto G, Farina F, Zummo G, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Elevated blood Hsp60, its structural similarities and cross-reactivity with thyroid molecules, and its presence on the plasma membrane of oncocytes point to the chaperonin as an immunopathogenic factor in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:343-53. [PMID: 24057177 PMCID: PMC3982029 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role Hsp60 might play in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is under investigation, but little information exists pertaining to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). With the aim to fill this gap, in the present work, we directed our attention to Hsp60 participation in HT pathogenesis. We found Hsp60 levels increased in the blood of HT patients compared to controls. The chaperonin was immunolocalized in thyroid tissue specimens from patients with HT, both in thyrocytes and oncocytes (Hurthle cells) with higher levels compared to controls (goiter). In oncocytes, we found Hsp60 not only in the cytoplasm but also on the plasma membrane, as shown by double immunofluorescence performed on fine needle aspiration cytology. By bioinformatics, we found regions in the Hsp60 molecule with remarkable structural similarity with the thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) molecules, which supports the notion that autoantibodies against TG and TPO are likely to recognize Hsp60 on the plasma membrane of oncocytes. This was also supported by data obtained by ELISA, showing that anti-TG and anti-TPO antibodies cross-react with human recombinant Hsp60. Antibody-antigen (Hsp60) reaction on the cell surface could very well mediate thyroid cell damage and destruction, perpetuating inflammation. Experiments with recombinant Hsp60 did not show stimulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HT patients. All together, these results led us to hypothesize that Hsp60 may be an active player in HT pathogenesis via an antibody-mediated immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marino Gammazza
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Patti
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- />Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- />Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie (ISMETT) ad Alta Specializzazione and RIMED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- />Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie (ISMETT) ad Alta Specializzazione and RIMED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi San Biagio
- />Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Farina
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Francesco Cappello
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Campanella C, Pace A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Hsp60 chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy: targets and agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:185-208. [PMID: 24286280 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.856417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hsp60 (Cpn60) assembles into a tetradecamer that interacts with the co-chaperonin Hsp10 (Cpn10) to assist client polypeptides to fold, but it also has other roles, including participation in pathogenic mechanisms. AREA COVERED Hsp60 chaperonopathies are pathological conditions, inherited or acquired, in which the chaperone plays a determinant etiologic-pathogenic role. These diseases justify selection of Hsp60 as a target for developing agents that interfere with its pathogenic effects. We provide information on how to proceed. EXPERT OPINION The information available encourages the development of ways to improve Hsp60 activity (positive chaperonotherapy) when deficient or to block it (negative chaperonotherapy) when pathogenic. Many questions are still unanswered and obstacles are obvious. More information is needed to establish when and why autologous Hsp60 becomes a pathogenic autoantigen, or induces cytokine formation and inflammation, or favors carcinogenesis. Clarification of these points will take considerable time. However, analysis of the Hsp60 molecule and a search for active compounds aimed at structural sites that will affect its functioning should continue without interruption. No doubt that some of these compounds will offer therapeutic hopes and will also be instrumental for dissecting structure-function relationships at the biochemical and biological (using animal models and cultured cells) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
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Gut microbiota imbalance and chaperoning system malfunction are central to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and can be counteracted with specifically designed probiotics: a working hypothesis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 202:393-406. [PMID: 23864544 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we propose that for further studies of the physiopathology and treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases, an integral view of the conditions, including the triad of microbiota-heat shock proteins (HSPs)-probiotics, ought to be considered. Microbiota is the complex microbial flora that resides in the gut, affecting not only gut functions but also the health status of the whole body. Alteration in the microbiota's composition has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions (e.g., ulcerative colitis, UC), involving both gut and extra-intestinal tissues and organs. Some of these pathologies are also associated with an altered expression of HSPs (chaperones) and this is the reason why they may be considered chaperonopathies. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms able to restore the correct, healthy equilibrium of microbiota composition, can ameliorate symptoms in patients suffering from UC and modulate expression levels of HSPs. However, currently probiotic therapy follows ex-adiuvantibus criteria, i.e., treatments with beneficial effects but whose mechanism of action is unknown, which should be changed so the probiotics needed in each case are predetermined on the basis of the patient's microbiota. Consequently, efforts are necessary to develop diagnostic tools for elucidating levels and distribution of HSPs and the microbiota composition (microbiota fingerprint) of each subject and, thus, guide specific probiotic therapy, tailored to meet the needs of the patient. Microbiota fingerprinting ought to include molecular biology techniques for sequencing highly conserved DNA, e.g., genes encoding 16S RNA, for species identification and, in addition, quantification of each relevant microbe.
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Tomasello G, Sciumé C, Rappa F, Rodolico V, Zerilli M, Martorana A, Cicero G, De Luca R, Damiani P, Accardo FM, Romeo M, Farina F, Bonaventura G, Modica G, Zummo G, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Hsp10, Hsp70, and Hsp90 immunohistochemical levels change in ulcerative colitis after therapy. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e38. [PMID: 22297444 PMCID: PMC3284240 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by damage of large bowel mucosa and frequent extra-intestinal autoimmune comorbidities. The role played in IBD pathogenesis by molecular chaperones known to interact with components of the immune system involved in inflammation is unclear. We previously demonstrated that mucosal Hsp60 decreases in UC patients treated with conventional therapies (mesalazine, probiotics), suggesting that this chaperonin could be a reliable biomarker useful for monitoring response to treatment, and that it might play a role in pathogenesis. In the present work we investigated three other heat shock protein/molecular chaperones: Hsp10, Hsp70, and Hsp90. We found that the levels of these proteins are increased in UC patients at the time of diagnosis and decrease after therapy, supporting the notion that these proteins deserve attention in the study of the mechanisms that promote the development and maintenance of IBD, and as biomarkers of this disease (e.g., to monitor response to treatment at the histological level).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tomasello
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, Università di Palermo, Italy
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