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Lu K, Zhao Y, Li Y, Fu Z, Chen Y, Kong Y, Li G. IFI16 promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through the IL6/PI3K/AKT axis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:533. [PMID: 38831470 PMCID: PMC11149187 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common disease in the urinary system, with a high incidence and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Although γ-interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) has been reported to play a role in various tumors, its involvement in ccRCC remains poorly documented, and the molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analysis to study the expression of IFI16 in ccRCC using public databases. Additionally, we analyzed and validated clinical specimens that we collected. Subsequently, we explored the impact of IFI16 on ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we predicted downstream molecules and pathways using transcriptome analysis and confirmed them through follow-up experimental validation. RESULTS IFI16 was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissue and correlated with poor patient prognosis. In vitro, IFI16 promoted ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while in vivo, it facilitated subcutaneous tumor growth and the formation of lung metastatic foci. Knocking down IFI16 suppressed its oncogenic function. At the molecular level, IFI16 promoted the transcription and translation of IL6, subsequently activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSION IFI16 induced EMT through the IL6/PI3K/AKT axis, promoting the progression of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Fu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Yang H, Zhao Y, Ren B, Wu Y, Qiu Z, Cheng Y, Qiu B. Poria acid inhibit the growth and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting the PI3K/akt/NF-κb signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31106. [PMID: 38779018 PMCID: PMC11109894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poria acid (PAC) is a triterpene compound found in Poria cocos, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The current study aims to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of PAC on the migration and proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells as well as tumor growth in animal model. Methods Cell viability and proliferative capacity of normal renal cells and RCC cells were investigated by MTT assay. In addition, 786-O cells were divided into four groups and treated with different concentrations of PAC (0, 20, 40, and 60 μM) for 48 h. Cell scratch test and cell invasion assay were performed to evaluate the effects of PAC on the invasion and migration of RCC cells, respectively. The effects of PAC on apoptosis of RCC cells and expression levels of PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway-related biomarkers were investigated using TUNEL staining and Western blotting methods, respectively. Effects of PAC on the inhibitory activity of RCC tumor in mice were evaluated in a 786-O CDX model. Results The study found that PAC inhibited the viability of RCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by in vitro cell assays (p < 0.05). However, PAC showed no significant inhibitory effect on normal renal cells (p > 0.05). PAC also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC via EMT/MMP signaling pathways (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results showed that PAC induced the apoptosis of RCC, which was accompanied by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (p < 0.05). Moreover, PAC significantly downregulated the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The effect of PAC on RCC apoptosis was dramatically reversed by 740Y-P (PI3K agonist) (p < 0.05) but significantly enhanced in the presence of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) (p < 0.05). The results of in vivo experiment also demonstrated that the antitumor activity of PAC was achieved by affecting the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway. Conclusions PAC can effectively suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration of RCC cells, and exhibit anti-tumor effects in RCC model by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bingnan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhihong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Hu X, Li D, Zhan J, Yang C, Wang P, Meng X, Xu S, Che X, Xu L. microRNA-141-3p Suppressed the Progression of the Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Gene Expression. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:245-257. [PMID: 38489601 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor of kidney epithelial cells, one of the most common tumors in the world. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)1 is a crucial factor that induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. microRNA-141-3p (miR-141-3p) is a microRNA that is considered a tumor suppressor. However, the role and mechanism of miR-141-3p in TGFβ1-induced ccRCC cells are not fully understood. This study investigated the roles of miR-141-3p and its target gene in regulating EMT in ccRCC development. 786-0 and Caki-1cells were treated with TGFβ1 to induce EMT. The levels of miR-141-3p and TGFβ2 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The progression of EMT was evaluated by E-cadherin detection by immunofluorescence, and E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin detection by Western blotting. Furthermore, migration and invasion capacities were assessed using a Transwell system. The direct binding of miR-141-3p with the target gene TGFβ2 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results indicated that TGFβ1 treatment decreased the protein abundance of E-cadherin while increasing the protein expression of N-cadherin and vimentin, indicating TGFβ1-induced EMT was constructed successfully. Moreover, TGFβ1 treatment repressed the expression of miR-141-3p. miR-141-3p mimics reversed the effect of TGFβ1 on the migration, invasion, and expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. The miR-141-3p directly binds with the 3' untranslated region of TGFβ2 mRNA and suppresses its expression. Furthermore, TGFβ2 overexpression abrogated the above changes regulated by miR-141-3p mimics. Taken together, miR-141-3p inhibited TGFβ1-induced EMT by suppressing the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells via directly targeting TGFβ2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Zhan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Xusong Meng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Xianping Che
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
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Sweeney PL, Suri Y, Basu A, Koshkin VS, Desai A. Mechanisms of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in renal cell carcinoma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:858-873. [PMID: 38239394 PMCID: PMC10792482 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most prevalent type of kidney cancer, is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), are among the first-line treatment options for patients with advanced RCC. These therapies target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase pathway and other kinases crucial to cancer proliferation, survival, and metastasis. TKIs have yielded substantial improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced RCC. However, nearly all patients eventually progress on these drugs as resistance develops. This review provides an overview of TKI resistance in RCC and explores different mechanisms of resistance, including upregulation of alternative proangiogenic pathways, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), decreased intracellular drug concentrations due to efflux pumps and lysosomal sequestration, alterations in the tumor microenvironment including bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms opens the door to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that can effectively overcome TKI resistance, thereby improving outcomes for patients with advanced RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Sweeney
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yash Suri
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Arnab Basu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Vadim S. Koshkin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arpita Desai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Karmokar PF, Moniri NH. Free-fatty acid receptor-1 (FFA1/GPR40) promotes papillary RCC proliferation and tumor growth via Src/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB but suppresses migration by inhibition of EGFR, ERK1/2, STAT3 and EMT. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:126. [PMID: 37355607 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a highly metastatic genitourinary cancer and is generally irresponsive to common treatments used for the more prevalent clear-cell (ccRCC) subtype. The goal of this study was to examine the novel role of the free fatty-acid receptor-1 (FFA1/GPR40), a cell-surface expressed G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by medium-to-long chained dietary fats, in modulation of pRCC cell migration invasion, proliferation and tumor growth. METHODS We assessed the expression of FFA1 in human pRCC and ccRCC tumor tissues compared to patient-matched non-cancerous controls, as well as in RCC cell lines. Using the selective FFA1 agonist AS2034178 and the selective FFA1 antagonist GW1100, we examined the role of FFA1 in modulating cell migration, invasion, proliferation and tumor growth and assessed the FFA1-associated intracellular signaling mechanisms via immunoblotting. RESULTS We reveal for the first time that FFA1 is upregulated in pRCC tissue compared to patient-matched non-cancerous adjacent tissue and that its expression increases with pRCC cancer pathology, while the inverse is seen in ccRCC tissue. We also show that FFA1 is expressed in the pRCC cell line ACHN, but not in ccRCC cell lines, suggesting a unique role in pRCC pathology. Our results demonstrate that FFA1 agonism promotes tumor growth and cell proliferation via c-Src/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and COX-2 signaling. At the same time, agonism of FFA1 strongly inhibits migration and invasion, which are mechanistically mediated via inhibition of EGFR, ERK1/2 and regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FFA1 plays oppositional growth and migratory roles in pRCC and identifies this receptor as a potential target for modulation of pathogenesis of this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka F Karmokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, 3001, Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, 3001, Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
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Zhao D, Chen M, Yang X, Xie J, Wang S. Association between serum uric acid levels and simple renal cyst risk in a nondiabetic population: A nested case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117237. [PMID: 36731743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found a relationship between hypertension or cardiovascular disease and simple renal cysts (SRCs) in health check-up population, but SRCs incidence is still controversially associated with serum uric acid (SUA) concentration in the nondiabetic participants. In this single-centre nest case-control study, serum uric acid levels were examined in relation to the incidence of SRCs in nondiabetic individuals. METHOD Participants who underwent at least two renal ultrasound examinations with an interval of more than 12 months were enrolled. The results of clinical examinations, laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound tests were recorded for each participant and analysed in this retrospective observation study. RESULT A total of 144 control and 144 SRC patients were ultimately confirmed and included in further analysis. Hyperuricaemia (OR 2.846, 95% CI 1.519-5.332, p = 0.001) was significantly correlated with SRC formation according to multivariable analysis. In both the male and female groups, SRC patients had significantly higher serum uric acid levels compared with control subjects. In 54 SRC patients with cyst puncture, the serum uric acid concentration was positively correlated with the uric acid concentration in cyst fluid (r = 0.6144, p < 0.0001). The serum uric acid concentration was positively correlated with the maximum cyst diameter in the SRC patients (r = 0.4531, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In a nondiabetic population, hyperuricaemia was significantly independently associated with a higher SRCs incidence. In SRC participants with cyst puncture, the SUA level had a significantly positive correlation with the uric acid level in cyst fluid. In SRC patients, the SUA level had a significantly positive correlation with cyst maximum diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Meihan Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxu Xie
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China.
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7
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Ren L, Yi J, Yang Y, Li W, Zheng X, Liu J, Li S, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ge B, Zhang S, Fu W, Dong D, Du G, Wang X, Wang J. Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies APOC1 as an immunological biomarker which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106376. [PMID: 35914680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) has been found to play an essential part in proliferation and metastasis of numerous cancers, but related mechanism has not been elucidated, especially its function and role in tumor immunity. Through systematic pan-cancer analysis, we identified that APOC1 was closely associated with the infiltration of various immune cells in multiple cancers. Besides, APOC1 was significantly co-expressed with the immune checkpoints, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, chemokines and other immune-related genes. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing analysis suggested that the vast majority of APOC1 was expressed in macrophages or tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Additionally, the expression of APOC1 was significantly related to the prognosis of different cancers. Since APOC1 was most significantly abnormally expressed in renal cell cancer (RCC), subsequent experiments were carried out in RCC to explore the role of APOC1 in tumor immunity. The expression of APOC1 was significantly elevated in the tumor and serum of RCC patients. Besides, APOC1 was mainly expressed in the macrophage and it was closely related to the immune cell infiltration of RCC. Co-culture with RCC cells could induce the generation of TAMs with M2 phenotype which be blocked by silencing APOC1. The expression of APOC1 was elevated in the M2 or TAMs and APOC1 promoted M2 polarization of macrophages through interacting with CD163 and CD206. Furthermore, macrophages overexpressing APOC1 promoted the metastasis of RCC cells via secreting CCL5. Together, these data indicate that APOC1 is an immunological biomarker which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sha Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Binbin Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dexin Dong
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Chen WJ, Cao H, Cao JW, Zuo L, Qu FJ, Xu D, Zhang H, Gong HY, Chen JX, Ye JQ, Gan SS, Zhou W, Zhu DW, Pan XW, Cui XG. Heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment is associated with clinical prognosis of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a single-cell genomics study. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:50. [PMID: 35017463 PMCID: PMC8752784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-clear renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs) are less frequent in kidney cancer with histopathological heterogeneity. A better understanding of the tumor biology of nccRCC can provide more effective treatment paradigms for different subtypes. To reveal the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) in nccRCC, we performed 10x sing-cell genomics on tumor and normal tissues from patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), chromophobe RCC (chrRCC), collecting duct carcinoma (CDRCC) and sarcomatoid RCC (sarRCC). 15 tissue samples were finally included. 34561 cells were identified as 16 major cell clusters with 34 cell subtypes. Our study presented the sing-cell landscape for four types of nccRCC, and demonstrated that CD8+ T cells exhaustion, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and sarcomatoid process were the pivotal factors in immunosuppression of nccRCC tissues and were closely correlated with poor prognosis. Abnormal metabolic patterns were present in both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Combined with CIBERSORTx tool, the expression data of bulk RNA-seq from TCGA were labeled with cell types of our sing-cell data. Calculation of the relative abundance of cell types revealed that greater proportion of exhausted CD8+ T cells, TAMs and sarRCC derived cells were correlated with poor prognosis in the cohort of 274 nccRCC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a more comprehensive sight about the heterogeneity and tumor biology of nccRCC, which may potentially facilitate the development of more effective therapies for nccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wei Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fa-Jun Qu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hai-Yi Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Jian-Qing Ye
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Si-Shun Gan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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9
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Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotherapy and Antiangiogenic Treatments in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235981. [PMID: 34885091 PMCID: PMC8656474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype arising from renal cell carcinomas. This tumor is characterized by a predominant angiogenic and immunogenic microenvironment that interplay with stromal, immune cells, and tumoral cells. Despite the obscure prognosis traditionally related to this entity, strategies including angiogenesis inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as well as the enhancement of the immune system with the inhibition of immune checkpoint proteins, such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4, have revolutionized the treatment landscape. This approach has achieved a substantial improvement in life expectancy and quality of life from patients with advanced ccRCC. Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from this success as most patients will finally progress to these therapies and, even worse, approximately 5 to 30% of patients will primarily progress. In the last few years, preclinical and clinical research have been conducted to decode the biological basis underlying the resistance mechanisms regarding angiogenic and immune-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the insights of these molecular alterations to understand the resistance pathways related to the treatment with TKI and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Moreover, we include additional information on novel approaches that are currently under research to overcome these resistance alterations in preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials.
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Sharma R, Kadife E, Myers M, Kannourakis G, Prithviraj P, Ahmed N. Determinants of resistance to VEGF-TKI and immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:186. [PMID: 34099013 PMCID: PMC8183071 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs) have been the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite its early promising results in decreasing or delaying the progression of RCC in patients, VEGF-TKIs have provided modest benefits in terms of disease-free progression, as 70% of the patients who initially respond to the treatment later develop drug resistance, with 30% of the patients innately resistant to VEGF-TKIs. In the past decade, several molecular and genetic mechanisms of VEGF-TKI resistance have been reported. One of the mechanisms of VEGF-TKIs is inhibition of the classical angiogenesis pathway. However, recent studies have shown the restoration of an alternative angiogenesis pathway in modulating resistance. Further, in the last 5 years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized RCC treatment. Although some patients exhibit potent responses, a non-negligible number of patients are innately resistant or develop resistance within a few months to ICI therapy. Hence, an understanding of the mechanisms of VEGF-TKI and ICI resistance will help in formulating useful knowledge about developing effective treatment strategies for patients with advanced RCC. In this article, we review recent findings on the emerging understanding of RCC pathology, VEGF-TKI and ICI resistance mechanisms, and potential avenues to overcome these resistance mechanisms through rationally designed combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Sharma
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Mark Myers
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang Q. Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Cancer With TKIs Resistance: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. Front Genet 2021; 11:562868. [PMID: 33510766 PMCID: PMC7835797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been a major breakthrough in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) therapy. Unfortunately, a portion of patients with TKIs resistance experience disease progression after TKIs therapy. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in the development of TKIs resistance. Current evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations occur frequently in RCC patients with poor response to TKIs therapy, and modulation of them could enhance the cytotoxic effect of antitumor therapy. In this review, we summarize the currently known epigenetic alterations relating to TKIs resistance in RCC, focusing on DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), histone modifications, and their interactions with TKIs treatment. In addition, we discuss application of epigenetic alteration analyses in the clinical setting to predict prognosis of patients with TKIs treatment, and the potential use of epigenetics-based therapies to surmount TKIs resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhan Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Blum KA, Gupta S, Tickoo SK, Chan TA, Russo P, Motzer RJ, Karam JA, Hakimi AA. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: biology, natural history and management. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:659-678. [PMID: 33051619 PMCID: PMC7551522 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation is an uncommon feature that can occur in most histological subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and carries a decidedly poor prognosis. Historically, conventional treatments for sarcomatoid RCCs (sRCCs) have shown little efficacy, and median survival is commonly 6–13 months. Despite being first described in 1968, the mechanisms driving sarcomatoid dedifferentiation remain poorly understood, and information and treatment options available to physicians and patients are limited. When diagnosed at an early stage, surgical intervention remains the treatment of choice. However, preoperative identification through routine imaging or biopsy is unreliable and most patients present with advanced disease and systemic symptoms. For these patients, the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy is disputed. The expansion of immunotherapies approved for RCCs has generated a search for biomarkers that might be indicative of treatment response in sRCCs, although a proven effective systemic agent remains elusive. PDL1 expression is increased in sarcomatoid dedifferentiated renal tumours, which suggests that patients with sRCCs could benefit from PD1 and/or PDL1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Treatment outcomes for sarcomatoid tumours have remained relatively consistent compared with other RCCs, but further investigation of the tumour–immune cell microenvironment might yield insights into further therapeutic possibilities. In this Review, Blum et al. summarize the current knowledge on sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, a diagnosis characterized by the presence of sarcomatoid dedifferentiation and a poor prognosis. They discuss the origin, presentation, molecular biology and treatment of this disease. Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation is not considered to be a unique histological subtype of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs); rather, it can be present within any subtype of RCCs. Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation appears in ~4% of all RCCs, but is present in ~20% of all metastatic RCCs. According to WHO guidelines, any RCC with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation is a WHO–International Society of Urological Pathology grade 4 lesion. Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation is often heterogeneously present within RCCs, making routine imaging and biopsy unreliable for preoperative detection. Surgical resection for localized disease is the standard of care, with subsequent close monitoring of patients following surgery. In patients with metastatic disease, conventional therapies such as surgery and systemic agents have been ineffective and overall 5-year survival remains at 23.5–33%. Previous genomic analyses have failed to identify definitive mutational drivers of disease. However, sarcomatoid RCCs (sRCCs) have been shown to have higher PD1 and PDL1 expression than other subtypes of RCCs. Newer combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies could yield improved responses and outcomes. Studies investigating sRCCs are limited by patient numbers owing to the low incidence of sRCCs and their advanced stage at presentation. Multi-institutional efforts to establish a consensus on treatment recommendations based on highly powered data are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Blum
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sounak Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Departments of Urology and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Kiyozawa D, Takamatsu D, Kohashi K, Kinoshita F, Ishihara S, Toda Y, Eto M, Oda Y. Programmed death ligand 1/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte status in renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes and rhabdoid features. Hum Pathol 2020; 101:31-39. [PMID: 32360490 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid changes and rhabdoid features has shown poor outcomes. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of RCC. Combination therapy using PD-1/PD-L1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors has also been used to treat various malignancies. However, little is known about IDO1 expression and therapeutic effects of the IDO1 inhibitor in RCC. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the expression of PD-L1/IDO1 and examined its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status and prognostic effect. We investigated the PD-L1, IDO1, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ immunoexpression status in 60 cases of sarcomatoid/rhabdoid RCC. The PD-L1 and IDO1 results were defined by the tumor proportion score. For the evaluation of TIL status, we counted the number of lymphocytes located in the tumor and averaged the numbers over five high-power fields for each case. The results revealed PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was observed more frequently in the sarcomatoid/rhabdoid component than in the nonsarcomatoid/nonrhabdoid component. The correlation between PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was significant (P = 0.0076). PD-L1 expression and coexpression of PD-L1 and IDO1 were correlated with a high density of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. There was no significant difference in overall survival among the patients with PD-L1 and/or IDO1 expression, but PD-L1 expression and coexpression were related to poor progression-free survival. Our results suggest that combination therapy using the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and IDO1 inhibitor may be effective for treating sarcomatoid/rhabdoid RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kiyozawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Takamatsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Departments of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Deleuze A, Saout J, Dugay F, Peyronnet B, Mathieu R, Verhoest G, Bensalah K, Crouzet L, Laguerre B, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Rioux-Leclercq N, Kammerer-Jacquet SF. Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Future Is Now. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072532. [PMID: 32260578 PMCID: PMC7177761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the third type of urologic cancer and has a poor prognosis with 30% of metastatic patients at diagnosis. The antiangiogenics and targeted immunotherapies led to treatment remodeling emphasizing the role of the tumour microenvironment. However, long-term responses are rare with a high rate of resistance. New strategies are emerging to improve the efficacy and the emerging drugs are under evaluation in ongoing trials. With the different treatment options, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers in order to predict the efficacy of drugs and to better stratify patients. Owing to the limitations of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), the most studied immunohistochemistry biomarkers, and of the tumor mutational burden, the identification of more reliable markers is an unmet need. New technologies could help in this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Deleuze
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugene Marquis, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Judikaël Saout
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
| | - Frédéric Dugay
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
- Department of Cytogenetics, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Benoit Peyronnet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France; (B.P.); (G.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France; (B.P.); (G.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Gregory Verhoest
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France; (B.P.); (G.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Karim Bensalah
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France; (B.P.); (G.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Laurence Crouzet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugene Marquis, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Brigitte Laguerre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugene Marquis, 35000 Rennes, France; (L.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
- Department of Cytogenetics, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Solène-Florence Kammerer-Jacquet
- Université Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.D.); (J.S.); (F.D.); (R.M.); (M.-A.B.-R.); (N.R.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-99-28-42-79; Fax: +33-2-99-28-42-84
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Erdogan S, Ozcan A, Truong LD. Molecular Pathology of Kidney Tumors. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28333-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Debien V, Thouvenin J, Lindner V, Barthélémy P, Lang H, Flippot R, Malouf GG. Sarcomatoid Dedifferentiation in Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Novel Molecular Insights to New Clinical Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:E99. [PMID: 31906050 PMCID: PMC7016737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomatoid features in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have long been associated with dismal prognosis and poor response to therapy, while biological mechanisms underpinning sarcomatoid dedifferentiation remained obscure. Several efforts have been conducted to break down the molecular profile of sarcomatoid RCC and investigate different targeted therapeutic approaches. Mutations enriched for in sarcomatoid RCC involve, notably, TP53, BAP1, cell cycle, and chromatin-remodeling genes. The immunological landscape of these tumors is also gradually being uncovered, showing frequent expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These features may be major determinants for the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in this population, which has been confirmed by retrospective studies and subgroup analyses of large randomized phase 3 trials. Combinations based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition have demonstrated response rates and complete responses in >50% and >10% of patients in the first-line metastatic setting, respectively, with median overall survival exceeding two years. This remarkable improvement in outcomes effectively establishes immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations as a new standard of care in patients with sarcomatoid RCC. New research fields, including epigenetic regulations and tumor-microenvironment interactions, may further sharpen understanding of sarcomatoid RCC and advance therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Debien
- Department of Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (V.D.); (J.T.)
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Jonathan Thouvenin
- Department of Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (V.D.); (J.T.)
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Gabriel G. Malouf
- Department of Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (V.D.); (J.T.)
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400 Illkirch, France;
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Akin R, Hannibal D, Loida M, Stevens EM, Grunz-Borgmann EA, Parrish AR. Cadmium and Lead Decrease Cell-Cell Aggregation and Increase Migration and Invasion in Renca Mouse Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246315. [PMID: 31847310 PMCID: PMC6940727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an important clinical issue; the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is approximately 12%, while it is 93% in those with localized disease. There is evidence that blood cadmium and lead levels are elevated in RCC. The current studies were designed to assess the impact of cadmium and lead on the progression of RCC. The disruption of homotypic cell-cell adhesion is an essential step in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Therefore, we examined the impact of cadmium and lead on the cadherin/catenin complex in Renca cells-a mouse RCC cell line. Lead, but not cadmium, induced a concentration-dependent loss of E-cadherin, while cadmium, but not lead, increased p120-catenin expression, specifically isoform 1 expression. Lead also induced a substantial increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. Both cadmium and lead significantly decreased the number of Renca cell aggregates, consistent with the disruption of the cadherin/catenin complex. Both metals enhanced wound healing in a scratch assay, and increased cell migration and invasion. These data suggest that cadmium and lead promote RCC progression.
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JAK2/PD-L1/PD-L2 (9p24.1) amplifications in renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid transformation: implications for clinical management. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1344-1358. [PMID: 30996253 PMCID: PMC7189735 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amplifications of JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2 at 9p24.1 lead to constitutive expression of PD-L1. This, coupled with JAK2-activation dependent upregulation of PD-L1 and adaptive/induced expression leads to higher tumor PD-L1 expression and immune evasion. Renal tumors were therefore evaluated for 9p24.1 amplifications. A combination of next generation sequencing-based copy number analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization for JAK2/INSL6 and PD-L1/PD-L2 and immunohistochemistry for phospho-STAT3 (downstream target of JAK2), PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 was performed. In this study we interrogated a "Discovery" cohort of 593 renal tumors, a "Validation" cohort of 398 high-grade renal tumors, The Cancer Genome Atlas (879 cases) and other public datasets (846 cases). 9p24.1 amplifications were significantly enriched in renal tumors with sarcomatoid transformation (5.95%, 15/252) when compared to all histologic subtypes in the combined "Discovery", "Validation" and public datasets (16/2636, 0.6%, p < 0.00001). Specifically, 9p24.1 amplifications amongst sarcomatoid tumors in public datasets, the "Discovery" and "Validation" cohorts were 7.7% (6/92), 15.1% (5/33), and 3.1% (4/127), respectively. Herein, we describe 13 cases and amplification status for these was characterized using next generation sequencing (n = 9) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (n = 10). Correlation with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (n = 10) revealed constitutive expression (mean H-score: 222/300, n = 10). Analysis of outcomes based on PD-L1 expression in tumor cells performed on 282 cases ("Validation" cohort) did not reveal a significant prognostic effect and was likely reflective of advanced disease. A high incidence of constitutive PD-L1 expression in tumor cells in the "Validation" cohort (H-Score ≥250/300) was noted amongst 83 rhabdoid (6%) and 127 sarcomatoid renal tumors (7.1%). This suggests additional mechanisms of constitutive expression other than amplification events. Importantly, two patients with 9p24.1-amplified sarcomatoid renal tumors showed significant response to immunotherapy. In summary, a subset of renal tumors with sarcomatoid transformation exhibits constitutive PD-L1 overexpression and these patients should be evaluated for enhanced response to immunotherapy.
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Wang YS, Shuang WB, Yin KQ, Tong XN, Xia MC, Yang HS. Analysis of the factors influencing the survival time of patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:405-410. [PMID: 31475069 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the factors influencing the survival time of patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC). Between January 2000 and September 2017, a total of 21 patients were enrolled, all of whom were diagnosed with SRCC. In total, eight prognostic factors were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, a log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards model. The log-rank test results revealed that there was a significant association between the proportion of sarcoma elements and survival time of patients with SRCC (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant association between post-operative drug treatment and SRCC survival time (P<0.05). The results of the Kaplan-Meier estimate demonstrated that the survival curve of post-operative drug treatment was significantly greater compared with the survival curve of patients who did not undergo drug treatment (P<0.05). The survival curve of patients with a proportion of sarcoma elements <50% was significantly greater compared with the survival curve of patients with a proportion of sarcoma elements ≥50% (P<0.05). Furthermore, the Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that the mortality risk in post-operative patients without drug treatment was 5.822 times greater compared with that of patients with drug treatment (P<0.05). Mortality risk in patients with a proportion of sarcoma elements ≥50% was 4.682 times higher compared with that of patients with sarcoma elements <50% (P<0.05). Finally, post-operative drug therapy was revealed to be a protective factor which significantly affected the survival time of patients with SRCC [risk ratio (RR)=0.172], in addition to the proportion of sarcoma elements ≥50% (RR=4.682). In conclusion, drug therapy should be promoted upon patient diagnosis with SRCC and attention should be given to the proportion of sarcomatoid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bing Shuang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qiang Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Nan Tong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Man-Cheng Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Sen Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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20
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Liu J, Huang Y, Cheng Q, Wang J, Zuo J, Liang Y, Yuan G. miR-1-3p suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition property in renal cell cancer by downregulating Fibronectin 1. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5573-5587. [PMID: 31417307 PMCID: PMC6594013 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Renal cell cancer (RCC) is one of the primary causes of malignancy deaths all over the world. The most important cause of RCC-related mortality is metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in metastasis of malignant tumors including RCC. miR-1-3p is confirmed to be decreased in many types of cancer. Nevertheless, the function of miR-1-3p in RCC metastasis and EMT process was still unclear. Materials and methods In this study, information from clinical investigation, in vitro study, and in vivo study discovered miR-1-3p expression character and its status in RCC. The character of miR-1-3p in invasive and metastatic properties in vitro and in vivo was also inspected in RCC cells and xenograft tumor model, and expression levels of EMT markers were evaluated in RCC cells and tissues. Results miR-1-3p was proved to be decreased in RCC cell lines and tissues compared with normal renal cells and tissues. miR-1-3p expression level in RCC tissues was closely related with capsulation, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. miR-1-3p was found to be able to block the EMT process in A498 and CAKI-1 RCC cells and tumors. Luciferase reporter assay and expression level rescue assays were employed to reveal that miR-1-3p inhibited the invasion and migration property of RCC cells by directly targeting Fibronectin 1. Upregulation of Fibronectin 1 partially reversed the suppressive effect of miR-1-3p on EMT process. Conclusion In brief, this study has verified that miR-1-3p blocked the EMT process of RCC cells by reducing Fibronectin 1 expression. miR-1-3p/Fibronectin 1 axis may be considered as a new target for drug development of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Liu
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiong Huang
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong Cheng
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Wang
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Zuo
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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21
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Hwang HS, Go H, Park JM, Yoon SY, Lee JL, Jeong SU, Cho YM. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a mechanism of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 99:659-670. [PMID: 30683903 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely accepted as treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, most patients eventually experience disease progression despite TKI treatment, even if the initial response is favorable. To define the underlying mechanism of TKI resistance, 10 TKI-treated metastatic ccRCC cases in which tumor samples were harvested before treatment and immediately after disease progression were examined. Gene expression profiles and copy number variations of matched pre- and post-treatment tumor samples were investigated. Altered biologic characteristics were confirmed in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cell lines, which were generated by long-term treatment with sunitinib-containing media. Gene transcript levels related to the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were significantly upregulated in the treated tumor samples compared with the pre-treatment samples. The mitotic count and sarcomatoid component were significantly increased in treated tumor samples. Alteration of EMT-related genes was also demonstrated in a sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cell line that showed enhanced migration and invasion compared to the parent cell line. siRNA-induced inhibition of EMT-related gene expression significantly suppressed the migration and invasion capacity of TKI-resistant cell lines. The present study shows that both ccRCC cases that progressed after TKI treatment and sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cell lines demonstrated alteration of EMT-related gene expression and enhancement of EMT-related behavior. These results suggest that EMT may explain the aggressive behavior of TKI-resistant ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sang Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Min Park
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Un Jeong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Jung M, Ellinger J, Gevensleben H, Syring I, Lüders C, de Vos L, Pützer S, Bootz F, Landsberg J, Kristiansen G, Dietrich D. Cell-Free SHOX2 DNA Methylation in Blood as a Molecular Staging Parameter for Risk Stratification in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Clin Chem 2019; 65:559-568. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.297549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Novel targeted treatments and immunotherapies have substantially changed therapeutic options for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). However, accurate diagnostic tests for the identification of high-risk patients are urgently needed. Here, we analyzed SHOX2 mRNA expression in RCC tissues and SHOX2 gene body methylation quantitatively in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) and RCC tissues with regard to risk stratification.
METHODS
The clinical performance of SHOX2 methylation was tested retrospectively and prospectively in a training and testing cohort of RCC tissue samples (n = 760 in total). SHOX2 mRNA expression analysis was included in the training cohort. In matched blood plasma samples from the testing cohort (n = 100), we prospectively examined the capability of pretherapeutic quantitative SHOX2 ccfDNA methylation to assess disease stage and identify patients at high risk of death.
RESULTS
SHOX2 gene body methylation was positively correlated with mRNA expression in RCC tissues (training cohort: Spearman ρ = 0.23, P < 0.001). SHOX2 methylation in tissue and plasma strongly correlated with an advanced disease stage (training cohort: ρ = 0.28, P < 0.001; testing cohort/tissue: ρ = 0.40, P < 0.001; testing cohort/plasma: ρ = 0.34, P = 0.001) and risk of death after initial partial or radical nephrectomy [training cohort: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.24–1.57), P < 0.001; testing cohort/tissue: HR = 1.16 (95% CI, 1.07–1.27), P = 0.001; testing cohort/plasma: HR = 1.50 (95% CI, 1.29–1.74), P < 0.001].
CONCLUSIONS
Pretherapeutic SHOX2 ccfDNA methylation testing allows for the identification of RCC patients at high risk of death after nephrectomy. These patients might benefit from an adjuvant treatment or early initiation of a palliative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jung
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Isabella Syring
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Luka de Vos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Pützer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Cimadamore A, Gasparrini S, Massari F, Santoni M, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Montironi R. Emerging Molecular Technologies in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020196. [PMID: 30736478 PMCID: PMC6407029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, based on the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids has potential applications at multiple points throughout the natural course of cancer, from diagnosis to follow-up. The advantages of doing ctDNA assessment vs. tissue-based genomic profile are the minimal procedural risk, the possibility to serial testing in order to monitor disease-relapse and response to therapy over time and to reduce hospitalization costs during the entire process. However, some critical issues related to ctDNA assays should be taken into consideration. The sensitivity of ctDNA assays depends on the assessment technique and genetic platforms used, on tumor-organ, stage, tumor heterogeneity, tumor clonality. The specificity is usually very high, whereas the concordance with tumor-based biopsy is generally low. In patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), qualitative analyses of ctDNA have been performed with interesting results regarding selective pressure from therapy, therapeutic resistance, exceptional treatment response to everolimus and mutations associated with aggressive behavior. Quantitative analyses showed variations of ccfDNA levels at different tumor stage. Compared to CTC assay, ctDNA is more stable than cells and easier to isolate. Splice variants, information at single-cell level and functional assays along with proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics studies can be performed only in CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, I-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Gasparrini
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, I-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, I-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, I-60126 Ancona, Italy.
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Alevizakos M, Gaitanidis A, Nasioudis D, Msaouel P, Appleman LJ. Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: Population-Based Study of 879 Patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:e447-e453. [PMID: 30799129 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) constitutes a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma. We aimed to investigate its clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes at a national level. PATIENTS AND METHODS We accessed the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010-2015) and extracted data on patients with sRCC. We estimated median, 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) probabilities after generation of Kaplan-Meier curves and used multivariable regression to evaluate variables associated with nephrectomy and DSS. RESULTS A total of 879 patients with sRCC were identified; 60.9% patients had stage IV disease at diagnosis, and the median tumor size was 8.3 cm (interquartile range, 5.5-12 cm). The 5-year DSS were 77.7%, 67.8%, 35.4%, and 3.5% for patients with stage I, II, III, and IV disease at diagnosis, respectively; median DSS was 9 months (interquartile range, 4-42 months) for the entire cohort. Older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.02), higher tumor stage (stage III vs. I: HR = 3.81; 95% CI, 2.18-6.67; stage IV vs. I: HR = 9.89; 95% CI, 5.80-16.98), and performance of nephrectomy (HR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.43-0.66) were found to independently affect DSS. CONCLUSION In the largest sRCC cohort to date, we found that most patients present with metastatic disease, and the prognosis for this disease remains extremely poor. Nephrectomy should be considered in all patients with acceptable surgical risk, including cytoreductive nephrectomy in carefully selected patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Alevizakos
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Apostolos Gaitanidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupoli, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Leonard J Appleman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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25
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Zhang Y, Fang L, Zang Y, Ren J, Xu Z. CIP2A Promotes Proliferation, Invasion and Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:4029-4038. [PMID: 30410608 PMCID: PMC6218763 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CIP2A is a well-known oncoprotein whose expression is elevated in multiple human solid tumor types. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development is poorly understood. Thus, in our present study, we used the renal cancer cell lines 786-O, A498 and CAKI-1 and the renal epithelial cell line HK-2 to clarify the function of CIP2A in RCC. We found that CIP2A expression is much higher in the RCC cells than in the normal renal epithelial cell. Lentivirus covered coding region CIP2A cDNA sequence and CIP2A siRNA were used to up and down regulate CIP2A expression in vitro. We found that overexpression of CIP2A promoted G1/S transition and cell proliferation. In addition, up-regulation of CIP2A significantly enhanced the invasion and migration capabilities of the cells. Furthermore, CIP2A promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and chemoresistance to cisplatin in RCC cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CIP2A plays an important role in proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance to cisplatin in RCC cells. CIP2A may serve as an ideal molecular target for RCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PRC
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati 45219, USA
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PRC
| | - Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PRC
| | - Juchao Ren
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PRC
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, PRC
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Sekino Y, Sakamoto N, Goto K, Honma R, Shigematsu Y, Quoc TP, Sentani K, Oue N, Teishima J, Kawakami F, Karam JA, Sircar K, Matsubara A, Yasui W. Uc.416 + A promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through miR-153 in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:952. [PMID: 30286729 PMCID: PMC6172711 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs that are absolutely conserved across species and are involved in carcinogenesis in some cancers. However, the expression and biological role of T-UCRs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the expression and functional role of Uc.416 + A and analyze the association between Uc.416 + A and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in RCC. Methods Expression of Uc.416 + A in 35 RCC tissues, corresponding normal kidney tissues and 13 types of normal tissue samples was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We performed a cell growth and migration assay in RCC cell line 786-O transfected with negative control and siRNA for Uc.416 + A. We evaluated the relation between Uc.416 + A and miR-153, which has a complimentary site of Uc.416 + A. Results qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of Uc.416 + A was higher in RCC tissues than that in corresponding normal kidney tissues. Inhibition of Uc.416 + A reduced cell growth and cell migration activity. There was an inverse correlation between Uc.416 + A and miR-153. Western blot analysis showed Uc.416 + A modulated E-cadherin, vimentin and snail. The expression of Uc.416 + A was positively associated with the expression of SNAI1, VIM and inversely associated with the expression of CDH1. Conclusions The expression of Uc.416 + A was upregulated in RCC and especially in RCC tissues with sarcomatoid change. Uc.416 + A promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through miR-153. These results suggest that Uc.416 + A may be a promising therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4863-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ririno Honma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shigematsu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Thang Pham Quoc
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumi Kawakami
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kanishka Sircar
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Gao X, Cai Y, An R. miR‑215 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and proliferation by regulating LEFTY2 in endometrial cancer. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1229-1236. [PMID: 29845221 PMCID: PMC6089757 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological tumor in developed countries with an increasing incidence. Left-right determination factor 2 (LEFTY2), a suppressor of cell proliferation and tumor growth, is a negative regulator of EC progression. The roles of LEFTY2 are emerging; however, the regulatory mechanisms of its expression have not been well understood. MicroRNA (miR)-215 as an oncogene serves an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating target genes. In the present study, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-215 promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), colony formation and DNA synthesis in EC HEC-1A cells and its expression was upregulated in EC tissues. Using online miR target prediction software, it was revealed that LEFTY2 is predicted as a target of miR-215. Using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-215 markedly downregulated LEFTY2 protein expression levels in HEC-1A cells and LEFTY2 protein expression was downregulated in EC tissues, which was inversely correlated with miR-215 expression. Furthermore, the present study indicated that overexpression of LEFTY2 protein promoted mesenchymal to epithelial transition and sensitized HEC-1A cells to cisplatin treatment. In addition, it was revealed that the overexpression of LEFTY2 inhibited colony formation and DNA synthesis in HEC-1A cells. Thus, miR-215 may promote EMT and proliferation by regulating LEFTY2 in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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29
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Matsumoto I, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kinoshita R, Nishimura R, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Histopathologic and Immunohistochemistry Findings in Feline Renal Cell Carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:663-672. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818776055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The biological behavior and immunohistochemical features of feline renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been well characterized. In the present study, immunohistochemical examinations were performed in 12 feline cases of RCC. The RCC consisted of solid ( n = 2), solid-tubular ( n = 2), tubular ( n = 3), papillary ( n = 2), tubulopapillary ( n = 2), and sarcomatoid ( n = 1) type lesions. Of the cases with RCC, 1 developed metastatic disease and 6 cases had no evidence of recurrence at 80 to 2292 days after surgery. One papillary-type tumor had cuboidal cells with scant cytoplasm and monomorphic nuclei, and the other had pseudostratified columnar cells with abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells in most cases were positive for cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20, KIT, and CD10, with the exception of cases of the solid type with clear cytoplasm (solid anaplastic), papillary type with columnar cells, and sarcomatoid types. A small number of tumor cells in the solid anaplastic and in the sarcomatoid types were positive for aquaporin-1. Increased expression of N-cadherin and Twist along with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin were observed in the sarcomatoid type. These results indicated that CK, KIT, and CD10 are relatively strongly expressed in most feline RCC. The solid anaplastic RCC exhibited CD10 expression with the absence of distal tubule marker expression. Although immunohistochemistry profiles were relatively consistent with those described in human RCC, the histopathologic features were different from those seen in humans. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression in the current cases may suggest the involvement of an EMT-like mechanism in the development of sarcomatoid RCC in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Huo Y, Li Q, Wang X, Jiao X, Zheng J, Li Z, Pan X. MALAT1 predicts poor survival in osteosarcoma patients and promotes cell metastasis through associating with EZH2. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46993-47006. [PMID: 28388584 PMCID: PMC5564539 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, especially in children and young adults. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new prognostic markers and gene regulators in several cancers, including osteosarcoma. In this study, we investigated the contributions of the lncRNA MALAT1 in osteosarcoma with a specific focus on its transcriptional regulation and its interaction with EZH2. Our results showed that MALAT1 was significantly increased in osteosarcoma specimens and cell lines. ROC curve analysis showed that MALAT1 had a higher area under the curve than alkaline phosphatase, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with high serum levels of MALAT1 showed reduced survival rate. Knockdown of MALAT1 decreased osteosarcoma cell invasion and promoted E-cadherin expression. Mechanistic investigations showed that MALAT1 was transcriptionally activated by TGF-β. Additionally, EZH2 is highly expressed and associated with the 3’ end region of lncRNA MALAT1 in osteosarcoma, and this association finally suppressed the expression of E-cadherin. Subsequently, our gain and loss function assay showed that MALAT1 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and decreased E-cadherin level, however, this effect was partially reversed by EZH2 knockdown. In conclusion, our work illuminates that lncRNA MALAT1 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and further demonstrates how MALAT1 confers an oncogenic function. Thus, lncRNA MALAT1 may serve as a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Huo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiejia Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiachun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohan Pan
- Department of Health Management, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250133, Shandong Province, China
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31
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Fang LL, Wang XH, Sun BF, Zhang XD, Zhu XH, Yu ZJ, Luo H. Expression, regulation and mechanism of action of the miR-17-92 cluster in tumor cells (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1624-1630. [PMID: 29039606 PMCID: PMC5716450 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, regulate and control gene expression in eukaryotes by degrading mRNA at the post-transcriptional level. Regulation by miRNAs involves a plethora of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, apoptosis, tumorigenesis and others. miRNAs also represent a powerful tool in disease diagnosis and prognosis. The miR-17-92 cluster, one of the most extensively investigated microRNA clusters, comprises six mature miRNA members, including miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a and miR-92a. Originally identified as being involved in tumorigenesis, it is currently evident that the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster is upregulated in a wide range of tumor cells and cancer types; thus, this cluster has been identified as a potential oncogene. Considering the growing interest in the field of miR-17-92 research, we herein review recent advances in the expression and regulation of this cluster in various cancer cells, discuss the proposed mechanism of action for tumorigenesis and tumor development, and propose clinical and therapeutic applications for miR-17-92 cluster members, such as potential cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Fang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Fei Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Hui Zhu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Jiang Yu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Heng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Zang Y, Zhang X, Yan L, Gu G, Li D, Zhang Y, Fang L, Fu S, Ren J, Xu Z. Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3b is both a Promising Prognostic Biomarker and a Potential Therapeutic Target for Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:3049-3061. [PMID: 28928896 PMCID: PMC5604456 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) constitute a new class of therapeutic cancer targets. EIF3b is the major scaffold protein of eIF3 (the largest core of eIFs). We sought to define the role played by and the mechanism of action of eIF3b in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We found that high-level eIF3b expression in tumors was not only associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype, but was also independently prognostic for patients with ccRCC. Knockdown of eIF3b impaired the action of the Akt pathway, thus inhibiting cell proliferation by disrupting the cell cycle and triggering apoptosis. Furthermore, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was impaired after eIF3b depletion, via suppression of cell migration and invasion. Additionally, eIF3b knockdown significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in mice. Together, these data show that eIF3b is both a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Gangli Gu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Juchao Ren
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
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33
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Huang W, Wei XL, Ni W, Cao M, Meng L, Yang H. The expression of RNA-binding protein RBM38 decreased in renal cell carcinoma and represses renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701635. [PMID: 28459215 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RBM38, a member of RNA recognition motif family of RNA-binding proteins, can regulate the expression of diverse targets by influencing their messenger RNA stability and play a vital role in cancer development. RBM38 may act as an oncogene or suppressor gene in several human tumors. However, its role in human renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of RBM38 was lower in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of RBM38 could reduce, whereas knockdown of RBM38 could accelerate renal cell carcinoma cell lines growth rate and number of colonies formation of renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, RBM38 inhibited renal cell carcinoma cell lines migration and invasion through epithelial-mesenchymal transition suppression by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating β-catenin and vimentin. For in vivo assays, we found that the RBM38-positive group CAKI-1-RBM38 formed smaller tumors in nude mice compared with the control group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that renal cell carcinoma patients with lower expression of RBM38 had a significantly shorter survival time than those with higher expression of RBM38 ( p = 0.028). All these suggested that RBM38 acts as a tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma, which has the potential value for the prediction of renal cell carcinoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- 3 Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - WeiWei Ni
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengda Cao
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- 1 Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- 4 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Hua Y, Liang C, Zhu J, Miao C, Yu Y, Xu A, Zhang J, Li P, Li S, Bao M, Yang J, Qin C, Wang Z. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase C correlates with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695968. [PMID: 28351304 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase C is an isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase and a member of the cancer-testis antigens family. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and functional role of lactate dehydrogenase C and its basic mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma. First, a total of 133 cases of renal cell carcinoma samples were analysed in a tissue microarray, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between lactate dehydrogenase C expression and renal cell carcinoma progression. Lactate dehydrogenase C protein levels and messenger RNA levels were significantly upregulated in renal cell carcinoma tissues, and the patients with positive lactate dehydrogenase C expression had a shorter progression-free survival, indicating the oncogenic role of lactate dehydrogenase C in renal cell carcinoma. In addition, further cytological experiments demonstrated that lactate dehydrogenase C could prompt renal cell carcinoma cells to produce lactate, and increase metastatic and invasive potential of renal cell carcinoma cells. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase C could induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. In summary, these findings showed lactate dehydrogenase C was associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma and played a pivotal role in the migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells. Lactate dehydrogenase C may act as a novel biomarker for renal cell carcinoma progression and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Hua
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Li
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Bao
- 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:111-7. [PMID: 26940073 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmentally vital reversible process by which fully differentiated cells lose their epithelial features and acquire a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT contributes to the metastatic potential of tumors. The expression profile and other biological properties of EMT suggest potential targets for cancer therapy, including in renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). The preclinical and clinical results have substantiated the promises that dysregulated elements leading to EMT can be a potential target in RCC patients. In this study, we illustrated the pathogenic and prognostic role of EMT in RCC. In addition, we reconstructed, by literature analysis, the different pathways implicated in the EMT process, thus supporting the rational for future EMT-directed therapeutic approaches for RCC patients.
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36
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Mlcochova H, Machackova T, Rabien A, Radova L, Fabian P, Iliev R, Slaba K, Poprach A, Kilic E, Stanik M, Redova-Lojova M, Svoboda M, Dolezel J, Vyzula R, Jung K, Slaby O. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated microRNA/mRNA signature is linked to metastasis and prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31852. [PMID: 27549611 PMCID: PMC4994011 DOI: 10.1038/srep31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are genetically heterogeneous tumors presenting diverse clinical courses. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process involved in initiation of metastatic cascade. The aim of our study was to identify an integrated miRNA/mRNA signature associated with metastasis and prognosis in ccRCC through targeted approach based on analysis of miRNAs/mRNAs associated with EMT. A cohort of 230 ccRCC was included in our study and further divided into discovery, training and validation cohorts. EMT markers were evaluated in ccRCC tumor samples, which were grouped accordingly to EMT status. By use of large-scale miRNA/mRNA expression profiling, we identified miRNA/mRNA with significantly different expression in EMT-positive tumors and selected 41 miRNAs/mRNAs for training phase of the study to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential. Fifteen miRNAs/mRNAs were analyzed in the validation phase, where all evaluated miRNA/mRNA candidates were confirmed to be significantly deregulated in tumor tissue. Some of them significantly differed in metastatic tumors, correlated with clinical stage, with Fuhrman grade and with overall survival. Further, we established an EMT-based stage-independent prognostic scoring system enabling identification of ccRCC patients at high-risk of cancer-related death. Finally, we confirmed involvement of miR-429 in EMT regulation in RCC cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mlcochova
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Machackova
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Rabien
- University Hospital Charite, Humboldt University, Department of Urology, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Robert-Koch Platz 7, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenka Radova
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Iliev
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Slaba
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Poprach
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ergin Kilic
- University Hospital Charite, Humboldt University, Institute of Pathology, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Stanik
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Urologic Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Redova-Lojova
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dolezel
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Urologic Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Vyzula
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus Jung
- University Hospital Charite, Humboldt University, Department of Urology, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Robert-Koch Platz 7, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
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37
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Seles M, Hutterer GC, Kiesslich T, Pummer K, Berindan-Neagoe I, Perakis S, Schwarzenbacher D, Stotz M, Gerger A, Pichler M. Current Insights into Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:573. [PMID: 27092491 PMCID: PMC4849029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a deadly disease with rising mortality despite intensive therapeutic efforts. It comprises several subtypes in terms of distinct histopathological features and different clinical presentations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts in the genome which vary in expression levels and length and perform diverse functions. They are involved in the inititation, evolution and progression of primary cancer, as well as in the development and spread of metastases. Recently, several lncRNAs were described in RCC. This review emphasises the rising importance of lncRNAs in RCC. Moreover, it provides an outlook on their therapeutic potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Seles
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Karl Pummer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Research Center of Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute Ion Chiricuta, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Samantha Perakis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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38
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Zaldumbide L, Erramuzpe A, Guarch R, Pulido R, Cortés JM, López JI. Snail heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:194. [PMID: 26951092 PMCID: PMC4782341 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intratumor heterogeneity may be responsible of the unpredictable aggressive clinical behavior that some clear cell renal cell carcinomas display. This clinical uncertainty may be caused by insufficient sampling, leaving out of histological analysis foci of high grade tumor areas. Although molecular approaches are providing important information on renal intratumor heterogeneity, a focus on this topic from the practicing pathologist’ perspective is still pending. Methods Four distant tumor areas of 40 organ-confined clear cell renal cell carcinomas were selected for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Tumor size, cell type (clear/granular), Fuhrman’s grade, Staging, as well as immunostaining with Snail, ZEB1, Twist, Vimentin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, PTEN, p-Akt, p110α, and SETD2, were analyzed for intratumor heterogeneity using a classification and regression tree algorithm. Results Cell type and Fuhrman’s grade were heterogeneous in 12.5 and 60 % of the tumors, respectively. If cell type was homogeneous (clear cell) then the tumors were low-grade in 88.57 % of cases. Immunostaining heterogeneity was significant in the series and oscillated between 15 % for p110α and 80 % for Snail. When Snail immunostaining was homogeneous the tumor was histologically homogeneous in 100 % of cases. If Snail was heterogeneous, the tumor was heterogeneous in 75 % of the cases. Average tumor diameter was 4.3 cm. Tumors larger than 3.7 cm were heterogeneous for Vimentin immunostaining in 72.5 % of cases. Tumors displaying negative immunostaining for both ZEB1 and Twist were low grade in 100 % of the cases. Conclusions Intratumor heterogeneity is a common event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which can be monitored by immunohistochemistry in routine practice. Snail seems to be particularly useful in the identification of intratumor heterogeneity. The suitability of current sampling protocols in renal cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zaldumbide
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Asier Erramuzpe
- Quantitative Biomedicine Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Rosa Guarch
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Cortés
- Quantitative Biomedicine Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - José I López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Kenwright DN. Histologic prognostic markers for renal cell neoplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Low-grade metastases in high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 20:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guo L, Peng W, Tao J, Lan Z, Hei H, Tian L, Pan W, Wang L, Zhang X. Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced EMT via Wnt/Catenin Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147018. [PMID: 26760502 PMCID: PMC4712126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has anti-fibrotic potential in lung, kidney and other organs. The exogenous H2S is released from sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and can influence the renal fibrosis by blocking the differentiation of quiescent renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. But whether H2S affects renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our study is aimed at investigating the in vitro effects of H2S on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) and the associated mechanisms. The induced EMT is assessed by Western blotting analysis on the expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin and fibronectin. HK-2 cells were treated with NaHS before incubating with TGF-β1 to investigate its effect on EMT and the related molecular mechanism. Results demonstrated that NaHS decreased the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. NaHS reduced the expression of TGF-β receptor type I (TβR I) and TGF-β receptor type II (TβR II). In addition, NaHS attenuated TGF-β1-induced increase of β-catenin expression and ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, it inhibited the TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of ββ-catenin. These effects of NaHS on fibronectin, E-cadherin and TβR I were abolished by the ERK inhibitor U0126 or β-catenin inhibitor XAV939, or β-catenin siRNA interference. We get the conclusion that NaHS attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in HK-2 cells through both ERK-dependent and β-catenin-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Hongya Hei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wanma Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
- * E-mail:
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42
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Juengel E, Thomas A, Rutz J, Makarevic J, Tsaur I, Nelson K, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin inhibits the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:526-32. [PMID: 26709398 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amygdalin is used by many cancer patients as an antitumor agent, there is a lack of information on the efficacy and toxicity of this natural compound. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of amygdalin on the growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells was examined. Amygdalin (10 mg/ml) was applied to the RCC cell lines, Caki-1, KTC-26 and A498, for 24 h or 2 weeks. Untreated cells served as controls. Tumor cell growth and proliferation were determined using MTT and BrdU tests, and cell cycle phases were evaluated. Expression of the cell cycle activating proteins cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1 and D3 as well as of the cell cycle inhibiting proteins p19 and p27 was examined by western blot analysis. Surface expression of the differentiation markers E- and N-cadherin was also investigated. Functional blockade by siRNA was used to determine the impact of several proteins on tumor cell growth. Amygdalin treatment caused a significant reduction in RCC cell growth and proliferation. This effect was correlated with a reduced percentage of G2/M-phase RCC cells and an increased percentage of cells in the G0/1-phase (Caki-1 and A498) or cell cycle arrest in the S-phase (KTC-26). Furthermore, amygdalin induced a marked decrease in cell cycle activating proteins, in particular cdk1 and cyclin B. Functional blocking of cdk1 and cyclin B resulted in significantly diminished tumor cell growth in all three RCC cell lines. Aside from its inhibitory effects on growth, amygdalin also modulated the differentiation markers, E- and N-cadherin. Hence, exposing RCC cells to amygdalin inhibited cell cycle progression and tumor cell growth by impairing cdk1 and cyclin B expression. Moreover, we noted that amygdalin affected differentiation markers. Thus, we suggest that amygdalin exerted RCC antitumor effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmina Makarevic
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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43
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Adibi M, Thomas AZ, Borregales LD, Merrill MM, Slack RS, Chen HC, Sircar K, Murugan P, Tamboli P, Jonasch E, Tannir NM, Matin SF, Wood CG, Karam JA. Percentage of sarcomatoid component as a prognostic indicator for survival in renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:427.e17-23. [PMID: 26004164 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation (sRCC) is associated with higher stage of presentation and worse survival. The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival (OS), specifically examining the percentage of sarcomatoid component (PSC). METHODS We reviewed clinicopathologic data for all nephrectomized patients with confirmed sRCC. Histologic slides were rereviewed by dedicated genitourinary pathologists to ascertain PSC. Patient characteristics were tabulated overall and by disease stage. Cutpoints in the PSC providing a meaningful difference in OS were identified by recursive partitioning analysis (RPA). Factors selected included age group, gender, race, clinical stage, tumor histology, presurgical systemic therapy, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor size. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess differences in OS. RESULTS Among 186 patients with sRCC, 64 (34%) had localized, and 122 (66%) had metastatic disease at presentation. Patients had primarily clear cell histology (73%). Median follow-up was 12.1 months (range: 0.1-242.2mo). Median OS was 12.6 months (95% CI: 10.7-14.9mo). Univariate RPA identified a PSC cutpoint of 10% as prognostically significant. Patients with PSC>10% were at higher risk of death when compared with patients with PSC≤10% (45% vs. 61% 1-y OS; P = 0.04). Multivariate RPA revealed that tumor size, presence of metastatic disease, and PSC were significantly associated with OS. Among 4 identified groups, patients with localized disease and tumor size≤10cm were most likely to be alive at 1 year (89%), and patients with metastatic disease and PSC>40% were least likely to be alive at 1 year (28%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION PSC appears to be a prognostic factor in patients with sRCC, with larger percentage of involvement portending a worse survival, especially in patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Adibi
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Arun Z Thomas
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Leonardo D Borregales
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Megan M Merrill
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rebecca S Slack
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kanishka Sircar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Pheroze Tamboli
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Shahryari V, Deng G, Nakajima K, Tabatabai ZL, Ishii N, Dahiya R. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Renal Cell Carcinoma through Ezh2 and Interacts with miR-205. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1322-31. [PMID: 25600645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have emerged as new gene regulators and prognostic markers in several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we investigated the contributions of the lncRNA MALAT1 in RCC with a specific focus on its transcriptional regulation and its interactions with Ezh2 and miR-205. We found that MALAT1 expression was higher in human RCC tissues, where it was associated with reduced patient survival. MALAT1 silencing decreased RCC cell proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that MALAT1 was transcriptionally activated by c-Fos and that it interacted with Ezh2. After MALAT1 silencing, E-cadherin expression was increased, whereas β-catenin expression was decreased through Ezh2. Reciprocal interaction between MALAT1 and miR-205 was also observed. Lastly, MALAT1 bound Ezh2 and oncogenesis facilitated by MALAT1 was inhibited by Ezh2 depletion, thereby blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition via E-cadherin recovery and β-catenin downregulation. Overall, our findings illuminate how overexpression of MALAT1 confers an oncogenic function in RCC that may offer a novel theranostic marker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yuji Hinoda
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Guoren Deng
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Pathology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nobuhisa Ishii
- Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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