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Alonso-de-León T, Barrera-Ochoa C, Cano-Aguilar LE, Munguia-Galeano KL, Flores-Ochoa JF, Vega-Memije ME. Melanocytic matricoma: a pigmented lesion on the forehead. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:769-772. [PMID: 38834397 PMCID: PMC11342988 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alonso-de-León
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Barrera-Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
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Kervarrec T, Lei KC, Sohier P, Macagno N, Jullie ML, Frouin E, Goto K, Taniguchi K, Hamard A, Taillandier A, Tallet A, Collin C, Sahin Y, Barry F, Taibjee S, Cokelaere K, Houben R, Schrama D, Nardin C, Aubin F, Doucet L, Pissaloux D, Tirode F, de la Fouchardière A, Balme B, Laurent-Roussel S, Becker JC, von Deimling A, Samimi M, Cribier B, Battistella M, Calonje E, Guyétant S. Wnt/beta-catenin activated non pilomatrical carcinoma of the skin: a case series. Mod Pathol 2024:100586. [PMID: 39094735 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Among skin epithelial tumors, recurrent mutations in the APC/CTNNB1 genes resulting in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been reported predominantly in neoplasms with matrical differentiation. In the present study, we describe the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of 16 primary cutaneous carcinomas harboring mutations activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway without evidence of matrical differentiation, as well as four combined tumors in which a similar Wnt/β-catenin activated carcinoma component was associated with Merkel cell carcinoma or pilomatrical carcinoma. Among the pure tumor cases, 6/16 patients were female with a median age of 80 years (range: 58-98). Tumors were located on the head and neck (n=7, 44%), upper limb (n=4, 25%), trunk (n=3, 18%), and leg (n=2, 13%). Metastatic spread was observed in 4 cases resulting in death from disease in one patient. Microscopically, all cases were poorly differentiated neoplasms infiltrating the dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue. In 13 cases, solid "squamoid" areas were associated with a basophilic component characterized by rosette/pseudoglandular formation resulting in a biphasic appearance. Three specimens consisted only of poorly differentiated carcinoma lacking rosette formation. Immunohistochemical studies showed frequent expression of EMA (100%), BerEP4 (100%), cytokeratin 7 (94%), chromogranin A (44%), synaptophysin (82%) and cytokeratin 20 (69%). Complete loss of Rb expression was observed in all but one case. Nuclear β-catenin and CDX2 expressions were detected in all cases. Recurrent pathogenic somatic mutations were observed in APC (60%), CTNNB1 (40%) and RB1 (n=47%). Global methylation analysis confirmed that cases with rosette formation constituted a homogenous tumor group distinct from established skin tumor entities (pilomatrical carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) while the 3 other cases lacking such morphologic features did not. In addition, we identified four combined neoplasms in which there was a component showing a similar poorly differentiated rosette forming carcinoma demonstrating Rb loss and beta-catenin activation associated with either Merkel cell carcinoma (n=3) or pilomatrical carcinoma (n=1). In conclusion, we describe a distinctive neoplasm, for which we propose the term "Wnt/β-catenin activated rosette-forming carcinoma", morphologically characterized by the association of rosette formation, squamous and/or neuroendocrine differentiation, diffuse CDX2 expression, Rb loss, and mutations in CTNNB1/APC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Kervarrec
- Department of Pathology, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; "Biologie des infections à polyomavirus" team, UMR INRA ISP 1282, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CARADERM Network.
| | - Kuan Cheok Lei
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, Department of Dermatology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, University Medicine Essen, Essen; and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pierre Sohier
- Department of Dermatology, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- CARADERM Network; Department of Pathology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Laure Jullie
- CARADERM Network; Department of Pathology, Hopital Haut-Leveque, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Frouin
- CARADERM Network; Department of Pathology, University hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers France; Department of Pathology, University hospital of Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aymeric Hamard
- Department of Pathology, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Taillandier
- Department of Pathology, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Platform of Somatic Tumor Molecular Genetics, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christine Collin
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuf Sahin
- Department of Pathology, University hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers France
| | - Fatoumata Barry
- Department of Pathology, University hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers France
| | - Saleem Taibjee
- Poundbury Cancer Institute, Dorchester, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, German Dermatology
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, German Dermatology
| | - Charline Nardin
- Department, Inserm 1098, Université de Franche Comté, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Francois Aubin
- Department, Inserm 1098, Université de Franche Comté, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Laurent Doucet
- Department of Pathology, Université de Brest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Tirode
- Department of Biopathology, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud de la Fouchardière
- Department of Biopathology, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; University of Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Brigitte Balme
- Dermatology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Univesrity Hospital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Jürgen C Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, Department of Dermatology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, University Medicine Essen, Essen; and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahtab Samimi
- "Biologie des infections à polyomavirus" team, UMR INRA ISP 1282, Université de Tours, Tours, France; Department of Dermatology, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Bernard Cribier
- CARADERM Network; Dermatology Clinic, Hôpitaux Universitaires & Université de Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- CARADERM Network; Department of Pathology, APHP Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Serge Guyétant
- Department of Pathology, Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; "Biologie des infections à polyomavirus" team, UMR INRA ISP 1282, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Kervarrec T, Sohier P, Pissaloux D, de la Fouchardiere A, Cribier B, Battistella M, Macagno N. Genetics of adnexal tumors: An update. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2023; 150:202-207. [PMID: 37270318 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous adnexal tumors form a vast heterogeneous group that include frequent entities that are mostly benign, as well as rare tumors that are occasionally malignant. In contrast to cutaneous tumors arising from the interfollicular epidermis that develop as a result of accumulation of UV-induced DNA damage (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma), the oncogenesis of adnexal tumors is related to a broad spectrum of genetic mechanisms (e.g., point mutation, fusion genes, viral integration, etc.). In this setting, specific and recurrent genetic alterations have been progressively reported, and these allow better classification of these entities. For certain of them, immunohistochemical tools are now available, enabling precise integrated histological and molecular diagnosis since certain entities are linked to well-defined alterations. In this context, we aim in this review to summarize the main molecular tools currently available for the classification of adnexal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kervarrec
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - P Sohier
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Centre - University of Paris Cité, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - D Pissaloux
- Department of Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - B Cribier
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Battistella
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Centre - Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - N Macagno
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, AP-HM, University Hospital of la Timone, Marseille, France; University of Aix-Marseille, INSERM U1251, MMG, Marseille, France
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Yirmibeş S, Adım ŞB, Saraydaroğlu Ö. CD56 and smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity in basal cell carcinomas: Are they indicators of differentiation or do they hold a diagnostic use? J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:56-61. [PMID: 36054407 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy and may show various differentiations. The possible pluripotent stem cell lineage of BCCs, whose origins are controversial today, is thought to be the main reason for the different morphologies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of some neuroendocrine and smooth muscle markers of differentiation in BCCs and investigate the relationship between histopathologic subtypes and recurrence. METHODS A total of 128 cases diagnosed as BCC in our center were included. Immunohistochemical studies of CD56, synaptophysin, chromogranin-A, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, caldesmon, and Ki67 were applied. RESULTS CD56, chromogranin-A, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity were detected in 77.3%, 13.3%, and 0.8% of the cases, respectively. 78.1% showed SMA positivity while no tumor expressed desmin or caldesmon. A correlation between histopathologic recurrence risk groups and CD56 expression was found (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CD56 and SMA immunoreactivity is present in the majority of BCCs. However, the available findings do not support neuroendocrine or smooth muscle differentiation. CD56 antigen can be used for prognostic purposes in detecting high recurrence risk tumors. After the investigation of the expression rates of these two antigens in different cutaneous tumors, it may be appropriate to use them for diagnostic purposes in BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Yirmibeş
- Department of Pathology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şaduman Balaban Adım
- Department of Pathology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Özlem Saraydaroğlu
- Department of Pathology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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Cardoso JC, Alves F, Carreira IM, Tellechea O. Basal Cell Carcinomas After Radiotherapy Show More Frequent Follicular Differentiation Than Tumors From Sun-Exposed Areas: Immunohistochemical Study With a Special Focus on Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:879-885. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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[Artículo traducido] Perfil de expresión de CD10, BCL-2, p63 y EMA en los carcinomas normales de piel y de células basales: Revaloración inmunohistoquímica. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Hussein M, Ahmed A. Expression Profile of CD10, BCL-2, p63, and EMA in the Normal Skin and Basal Cell Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Reappraisal. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:848-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Thibault K. Evidence of an epithelial origin of Merkel cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:446-448. [PMID: 34732840 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kervarrec Thibault
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center of Tours, Tours, France. .,"Biologie des infections à Polyomavirus" team, UMR INRA ISP1282, University of Tours, Tours, France.
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Bueno D, Caniego-Casas T, Sánchez-Martínez MC, Saavedra-Serrano C, Palacios J, Pérez-Mies B. Vulvar Pilomatrix Carcinoma: Morphologic and Molecular Features. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021; 40:482-486. [PMID: 33252403 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pilomatrix carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant variant of pilomatrixoma, a skin adnexal tumor originating from hair matrix cells. It is most often located in the head, neck region, upper back and upper extremities. PC has a locally aggressive behavior but metastasis only occur in 10% of cases. Mutations in CTNNB1, the encoding gene of beta-catenin, have been found in both pilomatrixoma and PC, but other molecular alterations are unknown. The authors present a case of PC in the clitoris, the third known reported case located on the external genitalia. The tumor followed an unusual clinical course with the development of multiple metastases. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the tumor identified, in addition to a characteristic CTNNB1 mutation, pathogenic mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and ARID1A, which could explain the aggressive course of the disease. The diagnostic criteria of PC and the differential diagnoses of this unusual tumor in the genital area are discussed.
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Giant Pilomatrical Tumor With Broad Epidermal Components: An Example of Histological Diversity and a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall of Tumors With Pilomatrical Differentiation. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 44:129-134. [PMID: 34291738 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The diagnosis of pilomatricoma, the most common matrical tumor, is generally straightforward; however, it exhibits diverse histology associated with various morphological stages and several clinical variants, and matrical differentiation can occur in various neoplastic diseases. A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to resect an 11.0-cm skin tumor on his right shoulder. Because of its large size and surface irregularities, including multiple erosions and ulcers, cutaneous malignancies were clinically suspected. Histologically, the tumor formed numerous nodules with marked matrical differentiation in the superficial to deep dermis. Although the tumor was macroscopically asymmetrical and irregular, each nodule was microscopically round-shaped and consisted of basaloid cells without marked atypia, atypical mitoses, or lymphovascular invasion. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for beta-catenin, LEF-1, and PHLDA-1, consistent with their pilomatrical differentiation. We diagnosed the case as a giant pilomatrical tumor with uncertain malignant potential, considering its "contradictory" features, namely, the worrisome histoarchitecture, such as the asymmetrical silhouette, but bland-looking cytological appearance. Unlike typical pilomatrical tumors, this tumor contained numerous epidermal components with features similar to those of the dermal components, resulting in a unique macroscopic and histological appearance. Our case broadens the known histological diversity of pilomatrical tumors.
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Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Including Advances in Molecular Therapeutics. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:331-353. [PMID: 32618586 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common type of malignant human tumor. In Europe, the incidence of BCC ranges from 44.6 to 128 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually, whereas in the United States, the yearly incidence rate ranges between 500 and 1500. The global incidence has been calculated to be as high as 10 million cases of BCC per year. There are 2 main clinical patterns of BCC-the familial BCC in basal cell nevus syndrome and sporadic BCC. The etiology of cutaneous BCC is usually the result of the interaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and genetic factors. Somatic or germline mutations in the effector components of the hedgehog signaling pathway (ie, PTCH1, PTCH2, SMO or SUFU genes) are responsible for ∼90% of the cases of both sporadic and familial BCC, all causing a constitutive activation of the hedgehog pathway. Cutaneous BCC very rarely metastasizes, and diagnosis in metastatic sites can be very difficult. Metastatic BCC has weakly effective therapeutic options with a poor prognosis until few years ago. In 2012, small-molecule therapies, involving inactivation of the hedgehog signaling pathway, and capable of reducing tumor growth and progression have been introduced into clinical practice for advanced (locally advanced or metastatic) BCC. We performed a comprehensive literature review on metastatic BCC and found at least 915 cases reported to date. In addition, we extensively discussed the differential diagnosis of metastatic BCC, and outlined the advances in clinical therapeutics involving these small molecules.
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Novel Mutations in Pilomatrixoma, CTNNB1 p.s45F, and FGFR2 p.s252L: A Report of Three Cases Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy, with Review of the Literature. Case Rep Genet 2020; 2020:8831006. [PMID: 32908727 PMCID: PMC7475758 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8831006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) is an uncommon benign skin appendageal tumor that differentiates toward hair matrix cells. It is misdiagnosed in up to 75% of cases by nondermatologists. Although the histopathological findings are well recognized and characteristic, diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be quite challenging. Several reports have emphasized the challenges in cytodiagnosis of pilomatrixoma, leading to a false-positive diagnosis. The lesions may show avidity for fludeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan, raising concern of a possible malignant neoplasm. CTNNB1 mutations have been reported in a high percentage of pilomatrixomas. Expression of β-catenin, the protein encoded by CTNNB1, is also frequently observed. To determine if routine cytological specimens can be successfully used to perform additional investigation and support or confirm the diagnosis in three cases of pilomatrixoma, we performed molecular analysis and immunohistochemistry to search for CTNNB1 mutation and β-catenin, respectively. β-Catenin positivity by immunohistochemistry was observed in basaloid cells in all three cases. Exon 3 mutations in CTNNB1 were detected in all cases. In addition, we detected a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutation in one of the cases. We reviewed the literature and present the clinical and morphological characteristics that must be considered along with other findings to accurately achieve the correct diagnosis, in correlation with the results of the ancillary technique. In conclusion, routine cytological specimens can be successfully used to perform additional investigations and support cytodiagnosis in difficult cases.
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Saggini A, Bang N, Hantschke M, Held L, Kempter W, Schärer L. Bowen disease with matrical differentiation: Report of an exceptional histopathologic presentation. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:840-844. [PMID: 32301151 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrical differentiation is the distinctive feature of pilomatricoma and other purely matrical adnexal neoplasms; additionally, foci of matrical differentiation have been also described in hybrid cysts of Gardner syndrome, as well as in a wide variety of benign and malignant cutaneous tumors, including basal cell carcinoma. We report an exceptional case of Bowen disease exhibiting multiple foci of matrical differentiation, as confirmed by means of immunohistochemical studies. Several types of divergent, non-squamous differentiation have been exceptionally reported in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (cSCCIS), including sebaceous, mucinous/glandular, poroid, tricholemmal, and neuroendocrine differentiation; matrical differentiation may be added to this list. Our findings further emphasize the undifferentiated nature of neoplastic cells in cSCCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Bang
- Südharz Klinikum Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
| | | | - Laura Held
- Dermatopathology Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | | | - Leo Schärer
- Dermatopathology Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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Kutlu Ö, Kutlu F, Tekin Y. Chronic anogenital ulceration. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:665-666. [PMID: 32832473 PMCID: PMC7413431 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_121_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Salivary ghost cell carcinoma: case report and proposal of a new entity. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:465-468. [PMID: 31616980 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Various topographically heterogeneous, histologically related groups of basaloid tumours are characterized by ghost cell differentiation with associated CTNNB1 mutations and nuclear β-catenin expression. We describe the unique case of a malignant tumour with ghost cell differentiation in the floor of the mouth, in which clinical, radiological, histological, immunohistological and molecular data altogether strongly indicate classification as a new type of salivary gland carcinoma.
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16
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Basal-Cell Carcinoma With Matrical Differentiation: Report of a New Case in a Renal-Transplant Recipient and Literature Review. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:e115-e118. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Nakamura T. Shadow Cell Differentiation: A Comparative Analysis of Modes of Cell Death with Apoptosis and Epidermal/Trichilemmal Keratinization. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2018; 5:86-97. [PMID: 30197883 PMCID: PMC6120400 DOI: 10.1159/000490491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shadow cells are characterized by an eosinophilic cytoplasm and a ghost-like nuclear contour; the cell shape is preserved, in spite of nuclear disappearance. Shadow cell nests (SCNs) are frequently observed in pilomatricoma (PMX), where the transitional cells immediately adjacent to SCNs often have a crescent-shaped nucleus showing fragmentation similar to that of apoptotic bodies. They show nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and DNA double strand breaks (as revealed by in situ 3′-tailing reaction or immunohistochemistry for single-stranded DNA [ssDNA]), while they are negative for cleaved caspase-3 or cleaved lamin A, suggesting that shadow cell differentiation (SCD) is a caspase-independent programmed cell death. SCD can be differentiated from epidermal keratinization (EK) and trichilemmal keratinization (TK) based on the expression pattern of beta-catenin, ssDNA, and caspase-14/CD138. SCD is observed not only in PMX, but also sometimes in basal cell carcinomas, gonadal teratomas, and various extra-cutaneous carcinomas. In particular, SCNs are found in 24$ of endometrial adenoacanthoma and are derived from squamoid morules. This establishes a link between basaloid cells in PMX and squamoid morules in endometrial adenoacanthomas as common precursors of shadow cells. Overall, it is suggested that SCD is different from, but partly similar to, apoptosis and that SCD and EK/TK should be differentiated from the standpoint of cell death/differentiation.
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Fernandez-Flores A, Cassarino DS. Sarcomatoid pilomatrix carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:508-514. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Hospital El Bierzo; Ponferrada Spain
- Biomedical Investigation Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), Group of Translational Investigation in Cellular Comunication and Signaling (CellCOM-SB); A Coruña Spain
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Hospital de la Reina; Ponferrada Spain
| | - David S. Cassarino
- Department of Dermatology; Los Angeles Medical Center (LAMC), Southern California Kaiser Permanente; Los Angeles California
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