1
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Mahmood MN. Histopathologic Evaluation of Atypical Fibroxanthoma or Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma Debulk Specimen from Mohs Surgery: A Requirement for Their Proper Distinction. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2024; 11:184-191. [PMID: 39051321 PMCID: PMC11270197 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology11030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas can be clinically aggressive, with a higher tendency to cause local recurrence, metastasis, and death. Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma are histopathologically similar, and their distinction requires a systematic examination of the entire excised tumor. Since Mohs micrographic surgery is commonly utilized to treat atypical fibroxanthoma, a histopathologic evaluation of debulk specimens by permanent pathology is prudent to avoid underdiagnosing pleomorphic dermal sarcoma. This approach can improve risk assessment and treatment decisions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. Also, the proper distinction will facilitate the future development of accurate staging criteria and additional treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Mahmood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
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2
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Klein S, Tolkach Y, Reinhardt HC, Buettner R, Quaas A, Helbig D. Proteomic analysis of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma reveals a fibroblastic cell of origin and distinct immune evasion mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12516. [PMID: 38822058 PMCID: PMC11143252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas are infrequent neoplastic skin tumors, manifesting in regions of the skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Diagnosing the entity can be challenging and therapeutic options are limited. We analyzed 20 samples of normal healthy skin tissue (SNT), 27 malignant melanomas (MM), 20 cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC), and 24 pleomorphic dermal sarcomas (PDS) using mass spectrometry. We explored a potential cell of origin in PDS and validated our findings using publicly available single-cell sequencing data. By correlating tumor purity (TP), inferred by both RNA- and DNA-sequencing, to protein abundance, we found that fibroblasts shared most of the proteins correlating to TP. This observation could also be made using publicly available SNT single cell sequencing data. Moreover, we studied relevant pathways of receptor/ligand (R/L) interactions. Analysis of R/L interactions revealed distinct pathways in cSCC, MM and PDS, with a prominent role of PDGFRB-PDGFD R/L interactions and upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. By studying differentially expressed proteins between cSCC and PDS, markers such as MAP1B could differentiate between these two entities. To this end, we studied proteins associated with immunosuppression in PDS, uncovering that immunologically cold PDS cases shared a "negative regulation of interferon-gamma signaling" according to overrepresentation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- West German Cancer Center Network, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, Kerpenerstr 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Yuri Tolkach
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, Kerpenerstr 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center Network, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, Kerpenerstr 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, Kerpenerstr 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Hayes AJ, Nixon IF, Strauss DC, Seddon BM, Desai A, Benson C, Judson IR, Dangoor A. UK guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02674-y. [PMID: 38734790 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumours arising in mesenchymal tissues and can occur almost anywhere in the body. Their rarity, and the heterogeneity of subtype and location, means that developing evidence-based guidelines is complicated by the limitations of the data available. This makes it more important that STS are managed by expert multidisciplinary teams, to ensure consistent and optimal treatment, recruitment to clinical trials, and the ongoing accumulation of further data and knowledge. The development of appropriate guidance, by an experienced panel referring to the evidence available, is therefore a useful foundation on which to build progress in the field. These guidelines are an update of the previous versions published in 2010 and 2016 [1, 2]. The original guidelines were drawn up by a panel of UK sarcoma specialists convened under the auspices of the British Sarcoma Group (BSG) and were intended to provide a framework for the multidisciplinary care of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. This iteration of the guidance, as well as updating the general multidisciplinary management of soft tissue sarcoma, includes specific sections relating to the management of sarcomas at defined anatomical sites: gynaecological sarcomas, retroperitoneal sarcomas, breast sarcomas, and skin sarcomas. These are generally managed collaboratively by site specific multidisciplinary teams linked to the regional sarcoma specialist team, as stipulated in the recently published sarcoma service specification [3]. In the UK, any patient with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma should be referred to a specialist regional soft tissues sarcoma service, to be managed by a specialist sarcoma multidisciplinary team. Once the diagnosis has been confirmed using appropriate imaging and a tissue biopsy, the main modality of management is usually surgical excision performed by a specialist surgeon, combined with pre- or post-operative radiotherapy for tumours at higher risk for local recurrence. Systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) may be utilised in cases where the histological subtype is considered more sensitive to systemic treatment. Regular follow-up is recommended to assess local control, development of metastatic disease, and any late effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hayes
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Ioanna F Nixon
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Center, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - Dirk C Strauss
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Beatrice M Seddon
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Anant Desai
- The Midlands Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Charlotte Benson
- The Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ian R Judson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Adam Dangoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
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4
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Yap M, Harvey NT, Mesbah Ardakani N, Wood BA. Metastatic atypical fibroxanthoma: the importance of structured reporting for cutaneous sarcoma-like tumour. Pathology 2024:S0031-3025(24)00121-1. [PMID: 38834438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Yap
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan T Harvey
- PathWest Dermatopathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nima Mesbah Ardakani
- PathWest Dermatopathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Wood
- PathWest Dermatopathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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5
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McLean LS, Lim AM, Angel C, Young RJ, Pizzolla A, Archer S, Solomon BJ, Thai AA, Lewin J, Rischin D. A Retrospective Review and Comprehensive Tumour Profiling of Advanced Non-Melanomatous Cutaneous Spindle Cell Neoplasms Treated with Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1452. [PMID: 38672534 PMCID: PMC11048307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-melanomatous cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms are a rare group of malignancies that present a diagnostic challenge, and for which there is a lack of consensus on how to best manage patients with advanced disease and only limited reports of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responses. In this study, we performed a single-center retrospective review of treatment outcomes for all advanced non-melanomatous cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms treated with ICIs. Blinded histopathology reviews occurred to confirm each diagnosis. Comprehensive tumour profiling included whole exome sequencing for tumour mutational burden (TMB) and ultraviolet(UV) signatures, and immunohistochemistry for immune-cell infiltration (CD4/CD3/CD8/CD103/CD20) and immune-checkpoint expression (PD-L1/LAG3/TIGIT). Seven patients were identified. The objective response rate was 86% (6/7) with five complete responses (CR). Responses were durable with two patients in CR > 30 months after ICI commencement. All patients had high TMB and UV signatures. One patient had PD-L1 100% (combined positive score) with abundant immune-cell infiltration and LAG3 expression. In advanced non-melanomatous cutaneous spindle cell neoplasms, excellent responses to ICIs with durable disease control were observed. ICIs are worthy of further exploration in these patients. UV signatures and high TMB could be used to help select patients for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S. McLean
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Annette M. Lim
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher Angel
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J. Young
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angela Pizzolla
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart Archer
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Solomon
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alesha A. Thai
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeremy Lewin
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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6
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Saleh JS, Whittington CP, Bresler SC, Patel RM. Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma. Surg Pathol Clin 2024; 17:153-158. [PMID: 38278604 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is a rare cutaneous/subcutaneous neoplasm of purported mesenchymal differentiation that exists along a clinicopathologic spectrum with atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). While PDS and AFX share histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, PDS exhibits deeper tissue invasion and has a higher rate of metastasis and local recurrence than AFX. Given its aggressive clinical course, early recognition and clinical management of PDS are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the clinicopathologic and molecular features, prognosis, and treatment of PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine S Saleh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carli P Whittington
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott C Bresler
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cutaneous Pathology, WCP Laboratories, Inc., Maryland Heights, MO, USA.
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7
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Mor E, Lonie S, Mitchell C, Henderson M, Webb A, Gyorki DE, Snow H. Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma of the scalp - A single-centre experience. Surg Oncol 2024; 52:102017. [PMID: 38091877 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) of the scalp is a rare tumour which is usually slow growing, but occasionally displays rapid growth and has a low rate of local recurrence. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, with or without radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical approach and the additional benefit of radiotherapy to the treatment of these patients. METHODS Retrospective, single-centre analysis of patients with PDS of the scalp that underwent surgical resection between 2007 and 2021 (n = 24). Treatment variables including depth of resection (superficial or deep to the galea aponeurotica) and adjuvant radiotherapy were investigated. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were included in this study. Median age was 80 (range, 52-95), with a median ASA score of 3 (2-3). Sixteen (66.6 %) patients underwent surgical resection including the galea, while the rest (n = 8) did not or was not known. Radiotherapy was given in 7 (29 %) patients in which only 3 (12.5 %) were in the galeal resection group. Reasons for radiotherapy administration were concomitant SCC found at the same area of resection and close margins. In a median follow-up of was 26.2 months (range, 13.6-102.5) there was only one recurrence event. CONCLUSIONS PDS of the scalp can be safely managed with a surgical resection if clear surgical margins are achieved without radiotherapy with good oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Mor
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarah Lonie
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Henderson
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Webb
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayden Snow
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Moody R, Darji K, Missall TA, Chow P, Behshad R. A Case of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: Giant Exophytic Tumor of the Medial Canthus. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2023; 11:13-18. [PMID: 38247725 PMCID: PMC10801471 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 99-year-old Caucasian female who was referred for treatment of a painless, 8.0 cm × 7.8 cm exophytic, pedunculated, ulcerated tumor of the left medial canthus. Pathology showed spindled, oval, and polygonal cells with pleomorphic nuclei. Many multinuclear giant cells and mitotic figures were also noted. The tumor was highlighted with CD10, showed focal positivity with actin, desmin, and CD68, and had increased Ki67 immunohistochemical staining. The tumor was negative for pancytokeratin, CK5/6, p63, MART-1/MelanA, S100, Sox10, p40, CD34, and CD23. Based on clinicopathologic correlation, the diagnosis of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) was made. Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) refers to a deep, histologically high-grade tumor that often resembles other tumors clinically and histologically. As PDS is frequently aggressive and related to adverse outcomes, it is important to recognize its distinguishing features in comparison to other similar entities, including atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma (PLMS). To our knowledge, there is only one other reported case in the literature of PDS occurring on the eye. By reviewing and understanding characteristic etiologies, locations of presentation, histopathological features, and management techniques, pathologists can make a more accurate diagnosis and dermatologists can provide more effective patient care in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylee Moody
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1008 S Spring Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kavita Darji
- Department of Dermatology, SSMHealth SLUCare, Saint Louis University, 1008 S Spring Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tricia A. Missall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Peter Chow
- Department of Dermatology, SSMHealth SLUCare, Saint Louis University, 1008 S Spring Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ramona Behshad
- Department of Dermatology, SSMHealth SLUCare, Saint Louis University, 1008 S Spring Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Hornick JL, Plaza JA, Mentzel T, Gru AA, Brenn T. PRAME Expression Is a Useful Tool in the Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Dedifferentiated and Undifferentiated Melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:1390-1397. [PMID: 37727938 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Although mostly recognized in the metastatic setting dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas are increasingly recognized as cutaneous and, less commonly, mucosal primary tumors. Their diagnosis is challenging and dependent on sampling and recognition of a conventional melanoma precursor and/or detection of a mutation in a conventional melanoma driver gene. PRAME immunohistochemistry has recently become an important ancillary tool in the separation of melanoma from benign nevi, but no comprehensive studies exist regarding its value in the detection of dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas and their separation from atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma, the main differential diagnoses on sun-damaged skin. After retrieval from archival files, we performed PRAME immunohistochemistry on 11 primary and 10 metastatic dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas, 11 atypical fibroxanthomas, and 10 pleomorphic dermal sarcomas. Nuclear staining was assigned extent (ranging from 0 to 4 and reflecting the percentage of PRAME-positive tumor nuclei) and intensity scores (graded as absent, weak, moderate, and strong, with assigned scores ranging from 0 to 3) with combined scores ranging from 0 to 7. Both primary and metastatic dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas showed strong and diffuse nuclear PRAME staining with median combined scores of 7. Strong and diffuse staining was also seen in all conventional melanoma precursors except for desmoplastic melanoma. In contrast, PRAME staining in atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma was patchy and weak with median combined scores of 2. Our data emphasize the diagnostic utility of PRAME staining as a first screening tool in the detection and workup of dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas, both in the primary and metastatic settings. PRAME immunohistochemistry is particularly helpful as it is also positive in tumors without a recognizable conventional melanoma precursor and in those associated with desmoplastic melanomas, where PRAME is typically found to be negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose A Plaza
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas Mentzel
- MVZ Dermatopathologie Friedrichshafen/Bodensee PartG, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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10
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Ørholt M, Abebe K, Rasmussen LE, Aaberg FL, Lindskov LJ, Schmidt G, Wagenblast AL, Petersen MM, Loya AC, Daugaard S, Herly M, Jensen DH, Vester-Glowinski P. Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: Local recurrence and metastasis in a nationwide population-based cohort of 1118 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:1177-1184. [PMID: 37634740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) remains uncertain and no standardized follow-up programs have been established. OBJECTIVE To recommend a standardized follow-up program of patients with AFX and PDS based on nationwide long-term estimates of local recurrence and metastasis. METHODS All patients with AFX and PDS in Denmark between 2002 and 2022 were included. Danish National Registries were used to estimate the risks of local recurrence and metastasis for AFX and PDS. RESULTS The 5-year risk of local recurrence was 10% for AFX and 17% for PDS. The 5-year risk of metastasis was 0.8% for AFX and 16% for PDS. PDS metastasized within 3 years in >90% of the patients with the lungs as the primary metastasis site (50%). Invasion beyond the subcutis, perineural/intravascular infiltration, and increasing age significantly increased the risk of PDS relapse. LIMITATIONS Risk of misclassification and lack of detailed surgical information. CONCLUSION The follow-up of patients with AFX can be limited to clinical visits for 4 years. Patients with PDS should be followed with clinical visits and PET/CT twice a year for the first 3 years and once a year for a minimum of 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ørholt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kiya Abebe
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise E Rasmussen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik L Aaberg
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke J Lindskov
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Lene Wagenblast
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael M Petersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anand C Loya
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Daugaard
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Herly
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Hebbelstrup Jensen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Vester-Glowinski
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Wiedemeyer K, Brenn T. Dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas: a practical approach to a challenging diagnosis. Hum Pathol 2023; 140:22-31. [PMID: 37001740 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation, defined as the loss of cellular features of terminal differentiation resulting in a more primitive, unspecialized phenotype, is a rare phenomenon in melanoma and more commonly observed in the metastatic setting than in primary melanomas. The diagnosis of dedifferentiated melanoma poses a significant challenge, and the tumors need to be carefully sampled and worked up to identify any residual morphologic, immunohistochemical, or molecular evidence of their melanocytic lineage. This article reviews our current knowledge of the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of these rare tumors and provides a practical diagnostic approach and discussion of the relevant differential diagnoses and associated diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada.
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12
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Shafi S, Bechtel M, Contreras CM, Plaza JA. Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma With Metastasis to the Lung: A Case Report. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:708-711. [PMID: 37335842 PMCID: PMC10510824 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are dermal malignant mesenchymal tumors that lie at the ends of the same disease spectrum. Clinically indistinguishable from atypical fibroxanthoma, PDS has a more aggressive course with significantly higher rate of local recurrence and metastases. Histological findings that favor a PDS include subcutaneous invasion, tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and/or perineural infiltration. Herein, we report a case of PDS with metastasis to the lung. Our report highlights the risk of local recurrence and metastatic spread in this cutaneous tumor and the importance of distinguishing this entity from its less aggressive counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shafi
- Departments of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Mark Bechtel
- Departments of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Carlo M. Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Jose A. Plaza
- Departments of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Departments of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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13
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Wood BA. Cutaneous Sarcoma-Like Tumor: A Proposal for Terminological Rationalization. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:665-666. [PMID: 37506271 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Wood
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, J Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
- Clinipath Pathology and franklin.ai, Osborne Park, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Challa BS, Plaza JA, Wakely PE. Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma. Cytopathology 2023; 34:472-478. [PMID: 37204069 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is an uncommon cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm. It is cytomorphologically identical to atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), but differs due to its invasion beyond the dermis. We undertook an examination of our experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy cytology of PDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our cytopathology files were searched for examples of PDS with concomitant histopathological verification. FNA biopsy smears and cell collection were performed using standard techniques. RESULTS Seven cases of PDS were retrieved from four different patients (M:F, 1:1; age range: 63-88 years; mean age = 78 years). All patients (57%) presented with a primary tumour with one having an FNA biopsy of two local recurrences and a single distant metastasis. Five aspirates were from the extremities and two from the head/neck. Tumours ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 cm (mean, 2.2 cm). Specific cytological diagnoses were pleomorphic spindle/epithelioid sarcoma (3 cases), PDS (2), AFX (1), and atypical myofibroblastic lesion, query nodular fasciitis (1). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining from FNA-generated cell blocks in two cases showed non-specific staining with vimentin in both cases; positive CD10, CD68, and INI-1 staining in one case; and smooth muscle actin expression in the other. Multiple negative stains were performed in both of these cases to exclude malignant melanoma, carcinoma, and specific forms of sarcoma. Cytopathology consisted of a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and bizarre pleomorphic cells. CONCLUSION Coupled with ancillary IHC stains, FNA biopsy can help recognise PDS as a sarcomatous cutaneous neoplasm, but is unable to distinguish PDS from AFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu S Challa
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A Plaza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul E Wakely
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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15
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Seretis K, Klaroudas A, Galani V, Papathanakos G, Varouktsi A, Mitselou A, Batistatou A, Lampri E. Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: it might be rare but it exists. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad374. [PMID: 37545789 PMCID: PMC10401320 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is a rare mesenchymal tissue tumor. Its differential diagnosis from similar tumors, such as low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, desmoplastic melanoma, atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), may be difficult, as they have similar clinical and histological presentation. We present a case of an 83-year-old man exhibiting an exophytic scalp lesion. Excision of the lesion was performed, ensuring clear surgical margins and pathologic examination revealed an invasive pleomorphic dermal sarcoma. This case highlights a rare case of a large pleomorphic dermal sarcoma, and it discusses the histological, molecular features, its differential diagnosis and management of PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonios Klaroudas
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Galani
- Correspondence address. Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine University of Ioannina, Greece. E-mail:
| | | | - Anna Varouktsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokrateio Hospital, Thessalonνki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Mitselou
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangeli Lampri
- Department of Pathology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Greece
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16
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Stoneham S, Hunter A, Raahimi M, Livesey A, Mitchell CD, Keohane S. Cutaneous sarcoma: a review and practical approach to management. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:866-872. [PMID: 37127912 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas arising in the skin are rare but potentially fatal. These tumours originate from mesenchymal cells and can be divided between those that arise in soft tissue and those arising from bone. General guidelines exist for the management of soft-tissue sarcomas; however, there are no specific guidelines for cutaneous sarcomas. Current literature was reviewed for management of seven cutaneous sarcomas including atypical fibroxanthoma, pleomorphic dermal sarcoma, dermal and subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma, dermatofibroma sarcoma protuberans, Kaposi sarcoma, cutaneous angiosarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour. All suspected sarcomas should be discussed in a sarcoma multidisciplinary team meeting. This article is not a clinical guideline but should serve as a practical summary of how these tumours present, how they are recognized histologically, and how best to manage and follow-up patients. The aim is to support clinicians and facilitate the best and most evidence-based standard of care available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stoneham
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alys Hunter
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mina Raahimi
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Amy Livesey
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Charles D Mitchell
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stephen Keohane
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
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17
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Anders IM, Schimmelpfennig C, Wiedemann K, Löffler D, Kämpf C, Blumert C, Reiche K, Kunz M, Anderegg U, Simon JC, Ziemer M. Atypisches Fibroxanthom und pleomorphes dermales Sarkom - Genexpressionsanalyse im Vergleich zum entdifferenzierten Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:482-492. [PMID: 37183746 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15006_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Marie Anders
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | | | - Karolin Wiedemann
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Dennis Löffler
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Christoph Kämpf
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Conny Blumert
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Abteilung Diagnostik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Leipzig
- Institut für Klinische Immunologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Jan-Christoph Simon
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
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18
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Szczepanski JM, Siddiqui J, Patel RM, Harms PW, Hrycaj SM, Chan MP. Expression of SATB2 in primary cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasms: a potential diagnostic pitfall. Pathology 2023; 55:350-354. [PMID: 36732203 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SATB2 can be used as an immunohistochemical marker for osteoblastic differentiation. The differential diagnosis of a cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasm sometimes includes osteosarcoma when the tumour concomitantly involves the skin, soft tissue, and bone, or when there is a past medical history of osteosarcoma. As the utility of SATB2 immunohistochemistry in these scenarios was unclear, we aimed to determine the frequency and the pattern of SATB2 expression in a variety of cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasms. SATB2 expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated by intensity (0-3) and extent (0-100%) of staining to generate an h-score for each case. Expression levels were classified into high-positive (h-score ≥100), low-positive (20-99), and negative (<20) groups. Positive SATB2 expression was observed in 18/23 (78%) atypical fibroxanthomas (AFX), 10/19 (53%) pleomorphic dermal sarcomas, 9/20 (45%) cutaneous sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas, 14/39 (36%) sarcomatoid melanomas, 2/13 (15%) poorly differentiated cutaneous angiosarcomas, 10/17 (59%) high-grade cutaneous leiomyosarcomas, and 7/8 (88%) osteosarcoma controls. With the exception of AFX, all cutaneous neoplasms showed significantly lower average h-scores than osteosarcoma. AFX gave the highest average h-score (71) and percentage of high-positive cases (48%) among all examined cutaneous neoplasms. Only two (1.5%) of all cutaneous cases showed strong intensity of staining. Common SATB2 expression in various cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasms poses a potential diagnostic pitfall when the differential diagnosis includes osteosarcoma. Requirement of strong staining and a high-positive h-score improves the specificity of SATB2 in differentiating these tumours from osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven M Hrycaj
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May P Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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McClure E, Carr MJ, Patel A, Hussnain Naqvi SM, Kim Y, Harrington M, Cruse W, Gonzalez RJ, Sondak VK, Sarnaik AA, Messina JL, Zager JS. Atypical Fibroxanthoma: Outcomes from a Large Single Institution Series. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231155699. [PMID: 36764930 PMCID: PMC9926370 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231155699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical fibroxanthomas (AFX) are rare malignant cutaneous neoplasms. Unfortunately, limited clinicopathologic and outcomes data on this cancer exists. OBJECTIVE We report the clinical, pathologic, and treatment characteristics, as well as oncologic outcomes in this single-institution retrospective analysis. METHODS This retrospective cohort study compiled clinical, pathologic, treatment, and outcome data for all patients with AFX on definitive excision diagnosed, evaluated, and treated primarily by surgical resection at a single institution between 2000-2020. Descriptive statistics evaluated clinical and pathologic characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate overall survival and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS 78 patients with AFX were identified. The majority were elderly, immunocompetent, Caucasian men. 85% of tumors were located on the head and neck. 63% of patients were correctly diagnosed only after complete resection of the index lesion. The median surgical margin was 1.0 cm. Overall, only 1.3% (1/78) of patients developed a local recurrence (RFS). No patients died of disease. CONCLUSION This study suggests that resection margins of 1 cm achieve excellent local control with close to 99% RFS and 100% disease-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McClure
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael J Carr
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of General Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ayushi Patel
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Syed Mahrukh Hussnain Naqvi
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Harrington
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Cruse
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo J Gonzalez
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Sarcoma, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jane L Messina
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Jonathan S Zager, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 N. McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA.
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20
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Clayton A, Holding E, Hopper J, Krook B, Rich AF. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (atypical fibroxanthoma‐subtype) in a 4‐year‐old Rothschild's giraffe (
Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Kuntz T, Siebdrath J, Hofmann SC, Baltaci M, Schaller J, Hellmich M, von Goltzheim LS, Assaf C, Oellig F, Michalowitz AL, Helbig D, Kreuter A. Increase of atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: a retrospective analysis of four German skin cancer centers. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1581-1588. [PMID: 36442137 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In recent years, considerable insight has been gained into the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous sarcomas, including atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS). Both entities have shown increasing incidence rates in the last decade. This study was initiated to evaluate how these new insights impact the number of diagnoses of AFX/PDS compared to other cutaneous sarcoma entities. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective study of four German skin cancer centers, all histopathological reports of cutaneous sarcomas (AFX, PDS, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma) confirmed by board-certified dermatopathologists were analyzed during a time-period of seven years (2013-2019). Additionally, utilization of immunohistochemical markers (including pan-cytokeratin, S100, desmin, CD34, CD10, procollagen-1, CD99, CD14, and CD68) as an adjunct to diagnose AFX/PDS was recorded. RESULTS Overall, 255 cutaneous sarcomas were included in the present study. The diagnosis of a cutaneous sarcoma has consequently risen from 2013 to 2019 (from 16 to 52 annual cases). The results of AFX/PDS revealed 4.6 times more diagnoses in 2019 than in 2013. Atypical fibroxanthoma represented the most common subtype, displaying 49.3 % of all diagnosed cutaneous sarcomas. Additionally, the increase of AFX/PDS was linked to the use of immunohistochemistry, with specific immunohistochemical markers used in 57.1 % of cases in 2013 compared to 100 % in 2019. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study of four German skin cancer centers demonstrates a substantial rise of AFX/PDS, possibly due to recently established diagnostic and terminology standards. This rise is probably linked to increased utilization of specific immunohistochemical markers. Atypical fibroxanthoma/PDS may be more common than previously thought and seems to represent the most frequent cutaneous sarcoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuntz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University of Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Julian Siebdrath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University of Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, und Dermatosurgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mehmet Baltaci
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HELIOS Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HELIOS Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luise Stach von Goltzheim
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Oellig
- Institute of Pathology, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alena-Lioba Michalowitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University of Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University of Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HELIOS Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
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22
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Kuntz T, Siebdrath J, Hofmann SC, Baltaci M, Schaller J, Hellmich M, von Goltzheim LS, Assaf C, Oellig F, Michalowitz AL, Helbig D, Kreuter A. Zunahme des atypischen Fibroxanthoms und pleomorphen dermalen Sarkoms: eine retrospektive Analyse vier deutscher Hauttumorzentren. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1581-1588. [PMID: 36508370 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14911_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HINTERGRUND UND ZIELE In den letzten Jahren konnten umfassende Erkenntnisse über die Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Behandlung von kutanen Sarkomen, insbesondere des atypischen Fibroxanthoms (AFX) und pleomorphen dermalen Sarkoms (PDS) gesammelt werden. Beide Entitäten zeigten innerhalb der letzten Dekade steigende Inzidenzraten. Die vorliegende Studie diente der Untersuchung, welchen Einfluss die neuen Erkenntnisse auf die Fallzahlen von AFX/PDS im Vergleich zu anderen Sarkom-Entitäten haben. PATIENTEN UND METHODIK Diese retrospektive Studie wurde an vier deutschen Hauttumorzentren durchgeführt und alle von zertifizierten Dermatopathologen bestätigten histopathologischen Befunde von kutanen Sarkomen (AFX, PDS, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, kutanes Leiomyosarkom, Angiosarkom und Kaposi-Sarkom) in einem Zeitraum von sieben Jahren (2013-2019) evaluiert. Zusätzlich wurde der Einsatz von immunhistochemischen Markern als diagnostische Hilfe (Panzytokeratin, S100, Desmin, CD34, CD10, Prokollagen-1, CD99, CD14 und CD68) erfasst. ERGEBNISSE Insgesamt konnten 255 kutane Sarkome in die vorliegende Studie eingeschlossen werden. Die Zahl der kutanen Sarkome nahm kontinuierlich von 2013 bis 2019 zu (von 16 auf 52 Fälle im Jahr). Die Diagnose eines AFX/PDS konnte in 2019 4,6-mal häufiger als in 2013 gestellt werden. Das AFX stellte mit 49,3 % aller kutanen Sarkome den häufigsten Sarkom-Subtypen dar. Zusätzlich war der Anstieg von AFX/PDS mit dem Einsatz von Immunhistochemie assoziiert. Der Einsatz von spezifischen Immunhistochemischen Markern stieg von 57,1 % im Jahr 2013 auf 100 % in 2019. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN Diese retrospektive Studie von vier deutschen Hauttumorzentren demonstriert eine substanzielle Zunahme von AFX/PDS, wahrscheinlich infolge kürzlich etablierter beziehungsweise verbesserter diagnostischer und terminologischer Standards. Dieser Anstieg ist vermutlich mit dem vermehrten Einsatz von bestimmten immunhistochemischen Markern assoziiert. AFX/PDS treten wahrscheinlich häufiger auf als bisher vermutet und repräsentieren möglicherweise den häufigsten kutanen Sarkom-Subtyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuntz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität zu Köln.,Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen
| | - Julian Siebdrath
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Dermatochirurgie, HELIOS Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal
| | - Mehmet Baltaci
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, HELIOS Klinikum Duisburg
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, HELIOS Klinikum Duisburg
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Universität zu Köln
| | - Luise Stach von Goltzheim
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Universität zu Köln
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld
| | | | - Alena-Lioba Michalowitz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen
| | - Doris Helbig
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität zu Köln
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen.,Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, HELIOS Klinikum Duisburg
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23
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Mitteldorf C, Brenn T. Ist die Nomenklatur atypisches Fibroxanthom und pleomorphes dermales Sarkom noch zeitgemäß? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1563-1564. [PMID: 36508371 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14972_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:913-920. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Helbig D, Klein S. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable or metastatic pleomorphic dermal sarcomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:975342. [PMID: 36465341 PMCID: PMC9712951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas (PDS) are rare neoplasms of the skin that occur in UV-exposed sites in the elderly, but represent the most common cutaneous sarcomas. Although the majority of PDS can be surgically removed, local recurrences occur in up to 28%, usually occurring within the first two years after primary excision. Metastases are diagnosed in up to 20% of cases, mainly observed in the skin, lymph nodes and lungs, preferentially affecting patients with underlying hemato-oncologic diseases. Similar to other UV-induced tumors, PDS are inflammatory and immunogenic tumors (with a high number of CD4+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and checkpoint molecule expression such as PD-L1, LAG-3, TIGIT) with a very high mutational burden. The most common genetic alterations include UV-induced TP53 loss of function mutations, followed by alterations in the CDKN2A/B gene. Rarely, targetable genetic alterations can be detected. Compelling experimental data and clinical reports about PD-1/PD-L1-blocking antibodies in patients with PDS suggest its use as first line treatment in unresectable or metastatic tumor stages. However, individual ("off-line") patient management should be discussed in an interdisciplinary tumor board based on molecular genetic testing, mutational burden, PD-L1 expression, and evidence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in addition to comorbities of the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Perez AN, Dashti NK, Cates JMM. Prognostic factors for pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: analysis of 1911 cases from the SEER database. J Clin Pathol 2022; 76:424-428. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prognostic factors for pleomorphic dermal sarcoma, a rare undifferentiated neoplasm of the skin, are poorly defined, and typical staging systems do not appear to be appropriate for these neoplasms. We; therefore, sought to identify prognostic factors for disease-specific survival and predictors of metastasis.Pleomorphic dermal sarcomas were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (N=1911). Multiple imputation was used to overcome inherent limitations in this dataset to assess prognostic factors using multivariable Cox proportional hazard stratified by (neo)adjuvant radiotherapy and logistic regression for presentation with metastasis.Age, tumour size and metastasis were independent prognostic factors for cutaneous sarcoma-specific survival. Only tumour size was associated with increased odds of presentation with metastasis, with tumours >4 cm at highest risk. Metastasis is the most important factor in determining outcomes, with age and size as lesser factors. Only tumour size is predictive of metastasis, with larger tumours at highest risk.
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Parisi F, Abramo F, Maimone M, Poli A, Millanta F. Skin Photodamage Lesions in a Bilateral Feline Auricular Primary Fibrosarcoma. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100548. [PMID: 36288161 PMCID: PMC9611120 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As with human species, recent studies also suggest a photoinduced etiopathology for non-epithelial cutaneous tumors in feline species. We report a recent case of a ten-year-old male cat with a white-hair coat and mesenchymal neoplasms of both auricles. Cytology, complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry and imaging examinations were performed. After surgery, the samples underwent routinary histopathology and were additionally stained with orcein. A routine analysis yielded values within a normal range and the imaging examination showed no abnormalities, suggesting that the bilateral presentation of neoplasms was primary rather than metastatic. The cytology was inconclusive, but, through histopathology, two well-differentiated fibrosarcomas were diagnosed and histopathological changes related to chronic UV exposure (such as epidermal hyperplasia, stratification disorders, keratinocyte dysplasia and an accumulation of elastotic material) were documented in the skin adjacent to the lesions. An orcein stain succeeded in highlighting elastosis. The elastic fibers lost their regular structure and orientation and appeared to be fragmented, wavy to branched and knotted. A morphometric analysis showed that the amount of elastotic material in the dermis close to the tumors was more than double compared with the more distant areas. Elastosis is considered to be a hallmark of photodamage; thus, an involvement of UV rays in the carcinogenic process of the tumors may be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-0221-6982
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Maimone
- Clinica Veterinaria Foce, via Eugenio Baroni, 26R, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Millanta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Cutaneous Mesenchymal Sarcomas. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:133-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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BRUSASCO M, MACCHI S, DE GIORGI F, MORA E, ZUCCHI A, FELICIANI C, SATOLLI F. AEIOU not only Merkel cell carcinoma. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2022; 157:453-454. [DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.22.07200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma of the scalp: Review of management and distinguishing features from atypical fibroxanthoma. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 29:123-126. [PMID: 36262359 PMCID: PMC9573824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Coelho-Lima J, Bruty J, Watkins J, Liu H, Price R, Stefanos N. Clear cell variant of atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: molecular characterization and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:1031-1034. [PMID: 35922373 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are unusual cutaneous tumors that typically arise in sun-damaged skin of elderly individuals. Several histopathologic variants have been described, but the clear cell variant is particularly rare with only 18 cases of AFX and 1 case of PDS reported. Here, we present two cases of clear cell AFX and PDS highlighting key histopathologic findings and molecular alterations assessed by next generation sequencing (NGS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Coelho-Lima
- Histopathology Registrar, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR Academic Clinical Fellow, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Bruty
- Clinical Scientist, East of England Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Watkins
- Consultant Histopathologist, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Consultant Clinical Scientist, East of England Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Price
- Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niki Stefanos
- Consultant Histopathologist, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Zeller J, Kiefer J, Braig D, Winninger O, Kraus D, Hagelstein S, Eisenhardt SU. Oncological Safety and Recurrence in the Surgical Treatment of Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma of the Scalp. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122869. [PMID: 35740535 PMCID: PMC9221451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma represent two tumors on the spectrum of a rare dermal sarcoma entity. Close clinical presentation and nearly identical histologic features but distinct prognoses make proper treatment strategies challenging. We performed a retrospective analysis of 32 patients with AFX or PDS in the scalp to provide guidance regarding the extent of radical excision to achieve stable oncological outcomes and whether radical tumor resection on the scalps required complex soft-tissue reconstruction. Compared to AFX, PDS shows a more aggressive growth pattern with frequent satellite metastases and distant metastases. These require extensive resections for local control to achieve long-term remission in most PDS patients. Despite the limited elasticity of the scalp, plastic reconstructive procedures can obtain reliable soft tissue reconstruction, even for complete scalp defects. Due to their rarity, managing these tumors requires an interdisciplinary setting in a specialized sarcoma center. Abstract Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are two distinct designations for a rare dermal sarcoma entity. These tumors arise predominantly in the sun-damaged skin of elderly patients. Although both AFX and PDS have a similar clinical presentation and nearly identical genetic features, they significantly differ in prognosis. Here we present a retrospective single-center chart review analyzing the outcomes of patients treated for dermal sarcoma. The radicality of the tumor-resection extent and soft-tissue reconstructive options were assessed. Patients between January 2010 and August 2021 were included. We recorded resection margins, tumor recurrence, overall survival, number of operations until complete tumor resection, and reconstructive procedures; any complications were recorded. Furthermore, we analyzed a subgroup of patients with satellite metastases. A total of 32 patients met the inclusion criteria (30 male, 2 female, median age of 77.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 74–81)). Histopathology revealed AFX in 14 patients and PDS in 18 patients. Margin-free resection was achieved in 31 cases, and 27 patients were remission free over the reported period. The local recurrence rate was 5, and distant metastasis was detected in four cases. Of all the PDS cases, nine presented with satellite metastasis. No AFX had satellite metastases. Due to their rarity, managing these tumors requires an interdisciplinary setting in a specialized sarcoma center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jurij Kiefer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
| | - David Braig
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar Winninger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
| | - Salome Hagelstein
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
| | - Steffen U. Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.B.); (O.W.); (D.K.); (S.H.); (S.U.E.)
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Fibroxantoma atípico y sarcoma pleomórfico dérmico: estudio bicéntrico retrospectivo de 74 casos. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:654-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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[Translated article] Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Two-Center Retrospective Study of 74 Cases. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma Does Not Represent an Entity Different From Atypical Fibroxanthoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:620-621. [PMID: 35503876 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Messina V, Cope B, Keung EZ, Fiore M. Management of Skin Sarcomas. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022; 31:511-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ørholt M, Aaberg FL, Abebe K, Walsh S, Roenigk RK, Venzo A, Schmidt G, Klyver H, Jensen DH, Herly M, Vester-Glowinski PV. Risk factors for local atypical fibroxanthoma recurrence and progression to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: A meta-analysis of individualized participant data. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:555-562. [PMID: 35441377 PMCID: PMC9544245 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Risk factors for local atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) recurrence and progression to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) have not previously been identified. Objective To identify risk factors and provide follow‐up suggestions for local AFX recurrence and progression to PDS. Methods and Materials A literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. The risks of local AFX recurrence and progression to PDS were presented as Kaplan–Meier plots and risk factors were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) calculated with univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results Five hundred and ninety‐eight patients with AFX from 14 studies were included. Age >74 years and male sex significantly increased the risk of local recurrence (HR: 7.31 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–30.0], p < 0.01 and HR: 2.89 [95% CI: 1.04–8.01], p < 0.05, respectively). There was no difference when comparing wide local excision and Mohs' micrographic surgery (p = 0.89). The risks of local AFX recurrence and progression to PDS after 2 years were <1%. Conclusion A more intensive follow‐up regimen could be considered in patients >74 years old and males due to the higher risk of local AFX recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ørholt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik L Aaberg
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kiya Abebe
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Walsh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Sussex: St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Randall K Roenigk
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alessandro Venzo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Klyver
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David H Jensen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Herly
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter V Vester-Glowinski
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vogt T. Kutane Sarkome – nicht alle sind wirklich selten, die meisten „low risk“. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1774-9766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie biologische und morphologische Vielfalt der Weichteilmalignome, der Sarkome, ist enorm.Diese Übersicht fokussiert deshalb auf die 5 am häufigsten vorkommenden Weichteilmalignome. Betrachtet werden soll dabei, was der Kliniker wissen muss, was neu ist und welche Fallstricke es gibt. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es dabei, eine Übersicht zu geben sowie die Konzeptbildung darüber, womit man es im Wesentlichen zu tun hat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum der Universität des Saarlandes
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Helbig D. Hemato-Oncological Diseases as Risk Factor for Recurrence or Metastasis of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873771. [PMID: 35494063 PMCID: PMC9050200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are increasingly common sarcomas of the skin with a genetic UV signature. Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for developing other UV-induced skin cancers such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma with increased mortality. In case reports or small case series of AFX/PDS patients, immunosuppression has been hypothesized as a risk factor for the development of distant metastases. The aim of the present study was to analyze immunosuppression as a risk factor for AFX/PDS in a large patient cohort. Methods A cohort of 164 patients with AFX/PDS (47 AFX and 117 PDS) was collected between 2003 and 2021 and analyzed for clinicopathological data with a special focus on immunosuppression. Results Of all patients, 29.9% had any kind of immunosuppression; 6.4% of the AFX and 12.0% of the PDS patients had underlying hemato-oncological diseases. Patients with immunosuppression due to an underlying hemato-oncological disease had a significantly increased risk of progressing to (p = 0.010) and developing distant organ metastases (p = 0.000). Conclusions Immunosuppression seems to be a risk factor for developing AFX/PDS with worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, immunosuppression, especially underlying hemato-oncological diseases, should be considered in the treatment and follow-up care of patients with AFX/PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- *Correspondence: Doris Helbig, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5841-4631
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Trøstrup H, Bigdeli AK, Krogerus C, Kneser U, Schmidt G, Schmidt VJ. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Complex Dermal Sarcomas Ensures an Optimal Clinical Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071693. [PMID: 35406465 PMCID: PMC8996894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dermal sarcomas (PDS) belong to a highly clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous group of rare malignant mesenchymal tumours primarily involving the dermis or the subcutaneous tissue. The tumours are classified according to the mesenchymal tissue from which they originate: dermal connective tissue, smooth muscle or vessels. Clinically, PDS may mimic benign soft tissue lesions such as dermatofibromas, hypertrophic scarring, etc. This may cause substantial diagnostic delay. As a group, PDS most commonly comprises the following clinicopathological forms of dermal sarcomas: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), dermal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (DUPS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and vascular sarcomas (Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary angiosarcoma, and radiation-induced angiosarcoma). This clinical entity has a broad spectrum regarding malignant potential; however, local aggressive behaviour in some forms causes surgical challenges. Preoperative, individualised surgical planning with complete free margins is pivotal along with a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration across highly specialised surgical and medical specialties. The present review gives a structured overview of the most common forms of dermal sarcomas including surgical recommendations and examples for advanced reconstructions as well as the current adjunctive medical treatment strategies. Optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes with low recurrence rates can be achieved by using a multidisciplinary approach to complex dermal sarcomas. In cases of extended local tumour invasion in dermal sarcomas, advanced reconstructive techniques can be applied, and the interdisciplinary microsurgeon should be an integral part of the sarcoma board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Trøstrup
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital (SUH) Roskilde, University of Copenhagen, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-47323700
| | - Amir K. Bigdeli
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Heidelberg University, D-67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Christina Krogerus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital (SUH) Roskilde, University of Copenhagen, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Heidelberg University, D-67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Grethe Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Volker J. Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital (SUH) Roskilde, University of Copenhagen, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
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Helbig D, Ziemer M, Dippel E, Erdmann M, Hillen U, Leiter U, Mentzel T, Osterhoff G, Ugurel S, Utikal J, von Bubnoff D, Weishaupt C, Grabbe S. S1‐Leitlinie Atypisches Fibroxanthom (AFX) und pleomorphes dermales Sarkom (PDS). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:235-245. [PMID: 35146874 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14700_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Edgar Dippel
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen
| | - Michael Erdmann
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Berlin Neukölln
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Zentrum für Dermatoonkologie, Universitäts-Hautklinikum, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | | | - Georg Osterhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg (DKFZ) und der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
| | - Dagmar von Bubnoff
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Hautklinik der Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz
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Atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: Is superficial infiltration in subcutaneous tissue acceptable in AFX? Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 58:151915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Helbig D, Ziemer M, Dippel E, Erdmann M, Hillen U, Leiter U, Mentzel T, Osterhoff G, Ugurel S, Utikal J, von Bubnoff D, Weishaupt C, Grabbe S. S1-guideline atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:235-243. [PMID: 35099104 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are rare cutaneous neoplasms representing histomorphological, genetic as well as epigenetic variants of a disease spectrum. Both tumors typically manifest as nonspecific, often ulcerated, skin- to flesh-colored nodules in chronically sun-damaged skin of elderly male patients. AFX is a rather well demarcated, often rapidly growing tumor. PDS tumors are poorly circumscribed and are characterized by aggressive infiltrative growth. Fast as well as slow growth behavior has been reported for both tumors. Histologically, both are composed of spindle-shaped and epithelioid tumor cells with pleomorphic nuclei as well as atypical multinucleated giant cells. Atypical mitoses are common. In contrast to AFX, PDS involves relevant parts of the subcutis and shows areas of tumor necrosis and/or perineural infiltration. Due to the poorly differentiated nature of AFX/PDS (Grade 3), histopathologically similar cutaneous sarcomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, melanomas and other diseases have to be excluded by immunohistochemical analysis. The treatment of choice is micrographically controlled surgery. In cases of AFX, a cure can be assumed after complete excision. Local recurrence rates are low as long as PDS tumors are surgically removed with a safety margin of 2 cm. Metastasis is rare and mostly associated with very thick or incompletely excised tumors; it mainly affects the skin and lymph nodes. Distant metastasis is even more rare. No approved and effective systemic therapy has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edgar Dippel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Erdmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - European Metropolis Region Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vivantes Klinikum Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Center for Dermato-Oncology, University Hospital Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Osterhoff
- Department and Clinic for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermatology of the German Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg (DKFZ) and the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar von Bubnoff
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Auricular Non-Epithelial Tumors with Solar Elastosis in Cats: A Possible UV-Induced Pathogenesis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020034. [PMID: 35202288 PMCID: PMC8874616 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced etiopathology of actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in feline species is well known. This etiology has also been reported for non-epithelial cutaneous tumors in other species. To date, no cases of auricular non-epithelial cutaneous neoplasms erased in a contest of actinic keratosis in cats have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe feline auricular non-epithelial cutaneous neoplasms associated with typical UV-induced cutaneous lesions and solar elastosis. The study was conducted on five feline cases diagnosed with auricular non-epithelial cutaneous tumors (two fibrosarcomas, one mixosarcoma, one epithelioid melanoma and one hemangiosarcoma), selected from the Tumor Registry of the Department of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Pisa (1998–2018). Ten and six feline auricular biopsies of normal skin and skin with actinic keratosis, respectively, were used as controls. Orcein stain was used to investigate solar elastosis. Histological changes related to chronic solar irradiation were documented in the skin adjacent to the neoplastic lesions in the five cats. Considering the anatomical localization and the results of histopathology, this study suggests that non-epithelial cutaneous neoplasms may have a UV-induced etiopathogenesis in the feline species.
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Ferreira I, Arends MJ, Weyden L, Adams DJ, Brenn T. Primary de‐differentiated, trans‐differentiated and undifferentiated melanomas: overview of the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular spectrum. Histopathology 2021; 80:135-149. [PMID: 34958502 DOI: 10.1111/his.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Cambridge UK
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre Edinburgh UK
| | - Louise Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Cambridge UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Cambridge UK
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Division of Pathology Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre Edinburgh UK
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
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46
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Logan IT, Vroobel KM, le Grange F, Perrett CM. Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: Clinicopathological features and outcomes from a 5-year tertiary referral centre experience. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1583. [PMID: 34766474 PMCID: PMC9675369 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) describes rare dermal-based malignant tumours that are morphologically similar to atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). PDS may be differentiated from AFX by the presence of one or more of the following histologic features: subcutaneous invasion, tumour necrosis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and/or perineural infiltration (PNI). AIMS To further define the clinicopathological features, surgical management, and outcomes of PDS primary tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was a retrospective observational case series using a database search from 2012 to 2017. Inclusion criteria required all cases to meet the histopathologic criteria for PDS as confirmed by a specialist soft-tissue histopathologist. A total of n = 17 cases were included with a median age of 78 years (range 66-85). All tumours were located on the head and neck, with 13/17 located on the scalp. Primary treatment was with wide local excision (WLE) in all cases. Median follow-up was 48 months. Local recurrence occurred in 4/17 cases (24%) and distant metastasis in 2/17 cases (12%). CONCLUSION PDS behaves more aggressively than atypical fibroxanthoma with which it shares a biologic continuum. The optimal surgical management approach is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. Logan
- Department of DermatologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Katherine M. Vroobel
- Department of HistopathologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Franel le Grange
- Department of OncologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Conal M. Perrett
- Department of DermatologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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47
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Brown RA, Cloutier JM, Bahrani E, Liman A, Tasso D, Palmer A, Manning MA, Galperin I, Rieger KE, Novoa RA, Lau H, Louie CY. Immunohistochemical ALK Expression in Granular Cell Atypical Fibroxanthoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall for ALK-Rearranged Non-neural Granular Cell Tumor. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:831-834. [PMID: 33767072 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a neoplasm that most commonly occurs on sun-damaged skin of the head and neck in elderly patients and that usually exhibits indolent clinical behavior with complete excision. The granular cell variant of AFX demonstrates overlapping histopathologic features with dermal non-neural granular cell tumor (NNGCT), which typically arises on the extremities of young to middle aged adults with rare reports of regional metastasis. A subset of NNGCT harbors ALK rearrangements and expresses ALK by immunohistochemistry. Here, we present 2 cases of granular cell AFX occurring on the scalp of males aged 73 and 87 with ALK expression by immunohistochemistry and no evidence of an ALK rearrangement on fluorescence in situ hybridization, representing a diagnostic pitfall for NNGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanne A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeffrey M Cloutier
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eman Bahrani
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Agnes Liman
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA; and
| | - David Tasso
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA; and
| | - Adrian Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA; and
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ilana Galperin
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kerri E Rieger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Roberto A Novoa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hubert Lau
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Christine Y Louie
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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Ferreira I, Droop A, Edwards O, Wong K, Harle V, Habeeb O, Gharpuray-Pandit D, Houghton J, Wiedemeyer K, Mentzel T, Billings SD, Ko JS, Füzesi L, Mulholland K, Prusac IK, Liegl-Atzwanger B, de Saint Aubain N, Caldwell H, Riva L, van der Weyden L, Arends MJ, Brenn T, Adams DJ. The clinicopathologic spectrum and genomic landscape of de-/trans-differentiated melanoma. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:2009-2019. [PMID: 34155350 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation are rare and only poorly understood phenomena in cutaneous melanoma. To study this disease more comprehensively we have retrieved 11 primary cutaneous melanomas from our pathology archives showing biphasic features characterized by a conventional melanoma and additional areas of de-/trans-differentiation as defined by a lack of immunohistochemical expression of all conventional melanocytic markers (S-100 protein, SOX10, Melan-A, and HMB-45). The clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings were recorded and follow-up was obtained. The patients were mostly elderly (median: 81 years; range: 42-86 years) without significant gender predilection, and the sun-exposed skin of the head and neck area was most commonly affected. The tumors were deeply invasive with a mean depth of 7 mm (range: 4-80 mm). The dedifferentiated component showed atypical fibroxanthoma-like features in the majority of cases (7), while additional rhabdomyosarcomatous and epithelial transdifferentiation was noted histologically and/or immunohistochemically in two tumors each. The background conventional melanoma component was of desmoplastic (4), superficial spreading (3), nodular (2), lentigo maligna (1), or spindle cell (1) types. For the seven patients with available follow-up data (median follow-up period of 25 months; range: 8-36 months), two died from their disease, and three developed metastases. Next-generation sequencing of the cohort revealed somatic mutations of established melanoma drivers including mainly NF1 mutations (5) in the conventional component, which was also detected in the corresponding de-/trans-differentiated component. In summary, the diagnosis of primary cutaneous de-/trans-differentiated melanoma is challenging and depends on the morphologic identification of conventional melanoma. Molecular analysis is diagnostically helpful as the mutated gene profile is shared between the conventional and de-/trans-differentiated components. Importantly, de-/trans-differentiation does not appear to confer a more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alastair Droop
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivia Edwards
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Harle
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Omar Habeeb
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand
| | | | - Joseph Houghton
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Katharina Wiedemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Mentzel
- Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer S Ko
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laszlo Füzesi
- Center for Pathology, Robert-Weixler-Straße 48a, Kempten, Germany
| | | | - Ivana Kuzmic Prusac
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Split and Split University School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger
- Diagnostic and Research Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, Diagnostic and Research Centre for Pathology, Translational Sarcoma Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Subunit Sarcoma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicolas de Saint Aubain
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helen Caldwell
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Riva
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK.
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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Thway K, Fisher C. Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated soft tissue neoplasms: Immunohistochemical surrogates for differential diagnosis. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:170-186. [PMID: 34602314 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas (USTS) are described in the current World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours as those showing no identifiable line of differentiation when analyzed by presently available technologies. This is a markedly heterogeneous group, and the diagnosis of USTS remains one of exclusion. USTS can be divided into four morphologic subgroups: pleomorphic, spindle cell, round cell and epithelioid undifferentiated sarcomas, with this combined group accounting for up to 20% of all soft tissue sarcomas. As molecular advances enable the stratification of emerging genetic subsets within USTS, particularly within undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, other groups, particularly the category of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS), still remain difficult to substratify and represent heterogeneous collections of neoplasms often representing the common morphologic endpoints of a variety of malignant tumors of various (mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal) lineages. However, recent molecular developments have also enabled the identification and correct classification of many tumors from various lines of differentiation that would previously have been bracketed under 'UPS'. This includes pleomorphic neoplasms and dedifferentiated neoplasms (the latter typically manifesting with an undifferentiated pleomorphic morphology) of mesenchymal (e.g. solitary fibrous tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor) and non-mesenchymal (e.g. melanoma and carcinoma) origin. The precise categorization of 'pleomorphic' or 'undifferentiated' neoplasms is critical for prognostication, as, for example, dedifferentiated liposarcoma typically behaves less aggressively than other pleomorphic sarcomas, and for management, including the potential for targeted therapies based on underlying recurrent molecular features. In this review we focus on undifferentiated and dedifferentiated pleomorphic and spindle cell neoplasms, summarizing their key genetic, morphologic and immunophenotypic features in the routine diagnostic setting, and the use of immunohistochemistry in their principal differential diagnosis, and highlight new developments and entities in the group of undifferentiated and dedifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Rd, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom
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Özkan MÇ, Cinel ZL. Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma and 4 Different Types of Skin Cancer in a Boy With Xeroderma Pigmentosum. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1402-1403. [PMID: 34417378 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melekber Çavuş Özkan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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