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MacARTHUR EC, Radolec M, Rinda Soong T, Elishaev E, Buckanovich R, Taylor SE, Lesnock J. Clinical outcomes following identification of an incidental p53 signature in the fallopian tube. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 52:101359. [PMID: 38495800 PMCID: PMC10943111 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fallopian tube pathology in patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations suggests a possible pathway to high grade serous ovarian carcinoma originates with a p53 signature, which is thought to represent a potential precursor to serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). The clinical implications of an isolated p53 signature in the average-risk population has not been well-established. This study aims to describe clinical outcomes in patients with incidentally noted p53 signature lesions. All patients diagnosed with a p53 signature lesion on final pathology from 2014 to 2022 were identified at a large academic institution. P53 signature is defined by our lab as morphologically normal to mildly atypical tubal epithelium with focal p53 over-expression on immunohistochemistry. Incidental p53 signature was defined as identification of a fallopian tube lesion excised for benign or unrelated indications in patients without a known hereditary disposition. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and genetic data were collected. A total of 127 patients with p53 signatures were identified. Thirty-six patients were excluded for established ovarian cancer or high-risk history leaving 91 total patients. Five patients (5.5%) developed a malignancy, none of which were ovarian or primary peritoneal, at the end of the eight and a half year follow up period. Twenty-four (26.4%) patients had salpingectomy without any form of oophorectomy at the time of initial surgery, while 67 (73.6%) patients had at least a unilateral oophorectomy at the time of their salpingectomy. Seven patients (7.7%) had additional surgery after p53 signature diagnosis; however, the final pathology yielded no evidence of malignancy in all these patients. After subsequent surgeries, 19 (20.9%) patients maintained their ovaries. The diagnosis of an incidental p53 signature was not associated with any primary peritoneal or ovarian cancer diagnoses during our follow up, and the majority of patients were managed conservatively by their providers with no further intervention after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C MacARTHUR
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mackenzy Radolec
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - T Rinda Soong
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ronald Buckanovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah E Taylor
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jamie Lesnock
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Kumar U. Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Tumour Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:436. [PMID: 38203605 PMCID: PMC10779198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST), a growth hormone inhibitory peptide, is expressed in endocrine and non-endocrine tissues, immune cells and the central nervous system (CNS). Post-release from secretory or immune cells, the first most appreciated role that SST exhibits is the antiproliferative effect in target tissue that served as a potential therapeutic intervention in various tumours of different origins. The SST-mediated in vivo and/or in vitro antiproliferative effect in the tumour is considered direct via activation of five different somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5), which are well expressed in most tumours and often more than one receptor in a single cell. Second, the indirect effect is associated with the regulation of growth factors. SSTR subtypes are crucial in tumour diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, with the recent development of new SST analogues and receptor-specific agonists with emerging functional consequences of signaling pathways are promising therapeutic avenues in tumours of different origins that are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Avramenko AS, Flanagan JM. An epigenetic hypothesis for ovarian cancer prevention by oral contraceptive pill use. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:165. [PMID: 37853473 PMCID: PMC10585871 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer type after uterine cancers. In 2020, according to worldwide statistics, there were more than 313,000 new cases of ovarian cancer. Most concerning with ovarian cancer is the poor overall survival, with only 30% of patients surviving for longer than 5 years after diagnosis. The reason for this poor outcome includes late diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms and a lack of any highly effective biomarkers of the early stages of ovarian carcinogenesis. However, it is important to note that some modifiable lifestyle factors can be preventative [pregnancy, breastfeeding and combined oral contraceptives pill (COCP) use]. RESULTS There is now increasing data reporting the role of epigenetic changes, which are detectable in ovarian cancer tumors, suggesting the possibility that epigenetics may also play a key role in the mechanism of long-term effective prevention of ovarian cancer. To our knowledge, there is a lack of high-quality data on the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer prevention, although several hypotheses have been proposed. CONCLUSIONS This review focusses on the evidence for a proposed novel hypothesis-that COCPs act as a chemoprevention through the impact on the epigenome of the cells of origin of ovarian cancer-fallopian tubes epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Avramenko
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor IRDB, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - James M Flanagan
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor IRDB, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Sadowski EA, Rockall A, Thomassin-Naggara I, Barroilhet LM, Wallace SK, Jha P, Gupta A, Shinagare AB, Guo Y, Reinhold C. Adnexal Lesion Imaging: Past, Present, and Future. Radiology 2023; 307:e223281. [PMID: 37158725 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.223281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, imaging is part of the standard of care for patients with adnexal lesions prior to definitive management. Imaging can identify a physiologic finding or classic benign lesion that can be followed up conservatively. When one of these entities is not present, imaging is used to determine the probability of ovarian cancer prior to surgical consultation. Since the inclusion of imaging in the evaluation of adnexal lesions in the 1970s, the rate of surgery for benign lesions has decreased. More recently, data-driven Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) scoring systems for US and MRI with standardized lexicons have been developed to allow for assignment of a cancer risk score, with the goal of further decreasing unnecessary interventions while expediting the care of patients with ovarian cancer. US is used as the initial modality for the assessment of adnexal lesions, while MRI is used when there is a clinical need for increased specificity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of cancer. This article will review how the treatment of adnexal lesions has changed due to imaging over the decades; the current data supporting the use of US, CT, and MRI to determine the likelihood of cancer; and future directions of adnexal imaging for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sadowski
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Andrea Rockall
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Isabelle Thomassin-Naggara
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Lisa M Barroilhet
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Sumer K Wallace
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Priyanka Jha
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Akshya Gupta
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Atul B Shinagare
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Yang Guo
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Caroline Reinhold
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.A.S.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.S., L.M.B., S.K.W.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/372, Madison, WI 53792-3252; Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK (A.R.); Department of Radiology, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France (I.T.N.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.J.); Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (A.B.S., Y.G.); Augmented Imaging Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (C.R.); and Montreal Imaging Experts, Montreal, Canada (C.R.)
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5
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Moazzami B, Chaichian S, Nikfar B, Arbabi Bidgoli S. Modulation of microRNAs expression and cellular signaling pathways through curcumin as a potential therapeutical approach against ovarian cancer: A review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154527. [PMID: 37235907 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Short non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression by either inhibiting translation or degrading messenger RNA. MiRNAs are crucial for many biological functions, and the deregulation of their expression is strongly linked to the emergence of cancer. A single miRNA controls several gene expressions, allowing it to simultaneously control a number of cellular signaling pathways. As a result, miRNAs may be used as therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of different cancers. Recent research has shown that natural compounds like curcumin, resveratrol and quercetin exert their pro-apoptotic and/or anti-proliferative impacts by modulating one and/or more miRNAs, which inhibits the growth of cancer cells, induces apoptosis, or increases the effectiveness of conventional cancer therapies. Here, we summarize the most recent developments in curcumin's control over the expression of miRNAs and emphasize the significance of these herbal remedies as a viable strategy in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Razia S, Nakayama K, Yamashita H, Ishibashi T, Ishikawa M, Kanno K, Sato S, Kyo S. Histological and Genetic Diversity in Ovarian Mucinous Carcinomas: A Pilot Study. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4052-4059. [PMID: 37185420 PMCID: PMC10137024 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity remains an ongoing challenge in the field of cancer therapy. Intratumor heterogeneity significantly complicates the diagnosis of cancer and presents challenging clinical problems due to resistance to drug therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic changes histologically (mucinous cystadenoma (MCA), mucinous borderline tumor (MBT), and mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC)) in a portion of mucinous ovarian tumors within the same sample. Seven tumor samples obtained from different patients were used to evaluate the genetic mutations in each component. Intratumor genetic heterogeneity was observed in all patients; among them, BRAF (V600E) and p53 (T118I, P142S, T150I, and T170M) point mutations were observed in the MBT component, while KRAS (G12D and G13D) and PIK3CA (E545K) mutations were found in the MOC component. The current findings suggest that diverse genetic alterations occur in mucinous tumors, according to tumor histology. Tumor heterogeneity and genetic diversity in mucinous ovarian tumors might be the cause of treatment failure. Knowledge of intertumor heterogeneity may lead to an increased understanding of the tumor response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Razia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Masako Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kanno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Seiya Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Obaid G, Ruhi MK, Demirci U, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Kessel D, Rizvi I. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:448-468. [PMID: 36117466 PMCID: PMC10043796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Yu H, Wang J, Wu B, li J, Chen R. Prognostic significance and risk factors for pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastasis in type I and type II ovarian cancer: a large population-based database analysis. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36717897 PMCID: PMC9885671 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the prognosis of lymphatic metastasis in type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) and to identify the risk factors for pelvic lymph node metastases (PLNs) and para-aortic lymph node metastases (PALNs). METHODS Patients diagnosed with epithelial OC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were estimated. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. RESULTS A total of 11,275 patients with OC were enrolled, including 31.2% with type I and 68.8% with type II. Type II and high tumour stage were risk factors for lymph node involvement (p < 0.05). The overall rate of lymph node metastasis in type I was 11.8%, and that in type II was 36.7%. In the type I group, the lymph node metastasis rates in stages T1, T2, T3 and TXM1 were 3.2%, 14.5%, 40.4% and 50.0%, respectively. In the type II group, these rates were 6.4%, 20.4%, 54.1% and 61.1%, respectively. Age and tumour size had little effect on lymph node metastasis, and grade 3 was not always a risk factor. For the type I group, the 10-year CSS rates of LN(-), PLN( +), PALN( +), and PLN + PALN( +) were 80.6%, 46.6%, 36.3%, and 32.3%, respectively. The prognosis of PLN ( +) was better than that of PALN ( +) in the type I group (p > 0.05). For the type II group, the 10-year CSS rates of LN(-), PLN( +), PALN( +), and PLN + PALN( +) were 55.6%, 18.5%, 25.7%, and 18.2%, respectively. PALN ( +) had a significantly better prognosis than PLN ( +) in the type II group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical characteristics and prognoses of patients with type I and type II OC differed greatly. Patients with type II and higher tumour stages had poorer prognoses. Type I with PALN metastasis and type II with PLN metastasis indicated a worse prognosis. Patients with stage TI did not require lymph node dissection, especially in the type I group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Yu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifang Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Dundr P, Bártů M, Bosse T, Bui QH, Cibula D, Drozenová J, Fabian P, Fadare O, Hausnerová J, Hojný J, Hájková N, Jakša R, Laco J, Lax SF, Matěj R, Méhes G, Michálková R, Šafanda A, Němejcová K, Singh N, Stolnicu S, Švajdler M, Zima T, Stružinská I, McCluggage WG. Primary Mucinous Tumors of the Ovary: An Interobserver Reproducibility and Detailed Molecular Study Reveals Significant Overlap Between Diagnostic Categories. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100040. [PMID: 36788074 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary ovarian mucinous tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, and their diagnosis may be challenging. We analyzed 124 primary ovarian mucinous tumors originally diagnosed as mucinous borderline tumors (MBTs) or mucinous carcinomas (MCs), with an emphasis on interobserver diagnostic agreement and the potential for diagnostic support by molecular profiling using a next-generation sequencing targeted panel of 727 DNA and 147 RNA genes. Fourteen experienced pathologists independently assigned a diagnosis from preset options, based on a review of a single digitized slide from each tumor. After excluding 1 outlier participant, there was a moderate agreement in diagnosing the 124 cases when divided into 3 categories (κ = 0.524, for mucinous cystadenoma vs MBT vs MC). A perfect agreement for the distinction between mucinous cystadenoma/MBT as a combined category and MC was found in only 36.3% of the cases. Differentiating between MBTs and MCs with expansile invasion was particularly problematic. After a reclassification of the tumors into near-consensus diagnostic categories on the basis of the initial participant results, a comparison of molecular findings between the MBT and MC groups did not show major and unequivocal differences between MBTs and MCs or between MCs with expansile vs infiltrative pattern of invasion. In contrast, HER2 overexpression or amplification was found only in 5.3% of MBTs and in 35.3% of all MCs and in 45% of MCs with expansile invasion. Overall, HER2 alterations, including mutations, were found in 42.2% of MCs. KRAS mutations were found in 65.5% and PIK3CA mutations in 6% of MCs. In summary, although the diagnostic criteria are well-described, diagnostic agreement among our large group of experienced gynecologic pathologists was only moderate. Diagnostic categories showed a molecular overlap. Nonetheless, molecular profiling may prove to be therapeutically beneficial in advanced-stage, recurrent, or metastatic MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Quang Hiep Bui
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojný
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hájková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jakša
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sigurd F Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz II, Graz, Austria; Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Šafanda
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Blizard Institute of Core Pathology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Stolnicu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
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10
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Wadapurkar RM, Sivaram A, Vyas R. Computational studies reveal co-occurrence of two mutations in IL7R gene of high-grade serous carcinoma patients. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13310-13324. [PMID: 34657565 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1987326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major cause of mortality in ovarian cancer can be attributed to a lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Uncovering the mutations in genes involved in crucial oncogenic pathways is a key step in discovery and development of novel biomarkers. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful method for the detection of cancer driver mutations. The present work focuses on identifying functionally damaging mutations in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) through computational analysis of WES. In this study, WES data of HGSC patients was retrieved from the genomic literature available in sequence read archive, the variants were identified and comprehensive structural and functional analysis was performed. Interestingly, I66T and V138I mutations were found to be co-occurring in the IL7R gene in four out of five HGSC patient samples investigated in this study. The V138I mutation was located in the fibronectin type-3 domain and computationally assessed to be causing disruptive effects on the structure and dynamics of IL7R protein. This mutation was found to be co-occurring with the neutral I66T mutation in the same domain which compensated the disruptive effects of V138I variant. These comprehensive studies point to a hitherto unexplored significant role of the IL7R gene in ovarian carcinoma. It is envisaged that the work will lay the foundation for the development of a novel biomarker with potential application in molecular profiling and in estimation of the disease prognosis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha M Wadapurkar
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT-ADT University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Sivaram
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT-ADT University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Vyas
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT-ADT University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Gálfiová P, Polák Š, Mikušová R, Juríková M, Klein M, Csöbönyeiová M, Danišovič Ľ, Varga I. Scanning electron microscopic study of the human uterine tube epithelial lining: surgical biopsy samples and epithelial cell culture. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the importance of the exact morphology of human uterine/fallopian tube epithelium at the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) level for the clinical outcome even nowadays. Visual referential micrographs from SEM reflect two ways to view human epithelial cell lining surfaces: the surface epithelial uterine tube from surgical tissue biopsy and human fallopian tube epithelial cells (HFTEC) culture monolayer surface. One colorized image visualizes ciliated cells, distinguishes them from non-ciliated cells, and provides an educational benefit. A detailed description of the ultrastructure in referential and pathologic human uterine tube epithelium is important in defining the morphological basis of high-grade carcinomas, in the mechanism of pathophysiology, and in discussing options for its prevention. Cell cultures of human fallopian tube epithelial cells offer new approaches in simulating the mechanisms of cancer genesis or may help to elucidate the genetic basis of several diagnoses. New technical approaches in SEM provide higher resolution and detailed surface images. The SEM modality is still one of the current options in diagnostics and may be useful for advancing human reproductive organ cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Juríková
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
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12
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Schoutrop E, Moyano-Galceran L, Lheureux S, Mattsson J, Lehti K, Dahlstrand H, Magalhaes I. Molecular, cellular and systemic aspects of epithelial ovarian cancer and its tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:207-223. [PMID: 35395389 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the peritoneal cavity. Despite major advances made within the field of cancer, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer are still being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease due to lack of effective screening tools. The overall survival of these patients has, therefore, not substantially improved over the past decades. Most patients undergo debulking surgery and treatment with chemotherapy, but often micrometastases remain and acquire resistance to the therapy, eventually leading to disease recurrence. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in epithelial ovarian cancer development and metastatic progression. For the most common subtypes, we focus further on the properties and functions of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix. Current and future treatment modalities are discussed and finally we provide an overview of the different experimental models used to develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical unit Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Dumitru A, Dobrica EC, Croitoru A, Cretoiu SM, Gaspar BS. Focus on PD-1/PD-L1 as a Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012067. [PMID: 36292922 PMCID: PMC9603705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered one of the most aggressive and deadliest gynecological malignancies worldwide. Unfortunately, the therapeutic methods that are considered the gold standard at this moment are associated with frequent recurrences. Survival in ovarian cancer is associated with the presence of a high number of intra tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Therefore, immunomodulation is considered to have an important role in cancer treatment, and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be useful for restoring T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. However, the data presented in the literature until now are not sufficient to allow for the identification and selection of patients who really respond to immunotherapy among those with ovarian cancer. Although there are some studies with favorable results, more prospective trials are needed in this sense. This review focuses on the current and future perspectives of PD-1/L1 blockade in ovarian cancer and analyzes the most important immune checkpoint inhibitors used, with the aim of achieving optimal clinical outcomes. Future studies and trials are needed to maximize the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in ovarian cancer, as well as in all cancers, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena-Codruta Dobrica
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Elias University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Croitoru
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Surgery Clinic, Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Yu X, Lin W, Spirtos A, Wang Y, Chen H, Ye J, Parker J, Liu CC, Wang Y, Quinn G, Zhou F, Chambers SK, Lewis C, Lea J, Li B, Zheng W. Dissection of transcriptome dysregulation and immune characterization in women with germline BRCA1 mutation at single-cell resolution. BMC Med 2022; 20:283. [PMID: 36076202 PMCID: PMC9461201 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most frequent and lethal type of ovarian cancer. It has been proposed that tubal secretory cells are the origin of ovarian HGSC in women with familial BRCA1/2 mutations. However, the molecular changes underlying malignant transformation remain unknown. METHOD We performed single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing of tubal fimbriated ends from 3 BRCA1 germline mutation carriers (BRCA1 carriers) and 3 normal controls with no high-risk history (non-BRCA1 carriers). RESULTS Exploring the transcriptomes of 19,008 cells, predominantly from BRCA1+ samples, we identified 5 major cell populations in the fallopian tubal mucosae. The secretory cells of BRCA1+ samples had differentially expressed genes involved in tumor growth and regulation, chemokine signaling, and antigen presentation compared to the wild-type BRCA1 controls. There are several novel findings in this study. First, a subset of the fallopian tubal secretory cells from one BRCA1 carrier exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which was also present in the mucosal fibroblasts. Second, we identified a previously unreported phenotypic split of the EMT secretory cells with distinct evolutionary endpoints. Third, we observed increased clonal expansion among the CD8+ T cell population from BRCA1+ carriers. Among those clonally expanded CD8+ T cells, PD-1 was significantly increased in tubal mucosae of BRCA1+ patients compared with that of normal controls, indicating that T cell exhaustion may occur before the development of any premalignant or malignant lesions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that EMT and immune evasion in normal-looking tubal mucosae may represent early events leading to the development of HGSC in women with BRCA1 germline mutation. Our findings provide a probable molecular mechanism explaining why some, but not all, women with BRCA1 germline mutation present with early development and rapid dissemination of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Yu
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wanrun Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Spirtos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ci Ci Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriella Quinn
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Setsuko K Chambers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jayanthi Lea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Bo Li
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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15
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Huvila J, Cochrane DR, Ta M, Chow C, Greening K, Leung S, Karnezis AN, DiFeo A, Huntsman DG. STING pathway expression in low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary: an unexpected therapeutic opportunity? J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:548-555. [PMID: 34138519 PMCID: PMC8503889 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma histotypes are distinct diseases with variable clinical outcomes and response to treatment. There is a need for new subtype-specific treatment modalities, especially for women with widespread and chemo-resistant disease. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a part of the cGAS-STING pathway that mediates innate immune defence against infectious DNA-containing pathogens and also detects tumour-derived DNA and generates intrinsic antitumour immunity. The STING signalling pathway is suppressed by several mechanisms in a variety of malignant diseases and, in some cancers that may be a requirement for cellular transformation. The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to evaluate STING protein expression across normal tissue, paratubal and ovarian cysts, and ovarian tumour histotypes including ovarian carcinomas. Herein, we show that the fallopian tube ciliated cells express STING protein, whereas the secretory cells are negative. STING expression differs among ovarian cancer histotypes; low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and serous borderline tumours have uniform high STING expression, while high-grade serous and endometrioid carcinomas have heterogeneous expression, and clear cell and mucinous carcinomas show low expression. As low-grade serous carcinomas are known to be genomically stable and typically lack a prominent host immune response, the consistently high STING expression is unexpected. High STING expression may reflect pathway activation or histogenesis and the mechanisms may be different in different ovarian carcinoma histotypes. Further studies are needed to determine whether the STING signalling pathway is active and whether these tumours would be candidates for therapeutic interventions that trigger innate immunity activation.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunotherapy
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/immunology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Huvila
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Molecular OncologyBC Cancer Research CenterVancouverBCCanada
| | - Dawn R Cochrane
- Department of Molecular OncologyBC Cancer Research CenterVancouverBCCanada
| | - Monica Ta
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Christine Chow
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Kendall Greening
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Department of Molecular OncologyBC Cancer Research CenterVancouverBCCanada
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Molecular OncologyBC Cancer Research CenterVancouverBCCanada
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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16
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Mirahmadi Y, Nabavi R, Taheri F, Samadian MM, Ghale-Noie ZN, Farjami M, Samadi-khouzani A, Yousefi M, Azhdari S, Salmaninejad A, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3408937. [PMID: 34721577 PMCID: PMC8553480 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3408937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic cancer-related mortality. Regardless of outstanding advances, which have been made for improving the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, the majority of the patients will die of the disease. Late-stage diagnosis and the occurrence of recurrent cancer after treatment are the most important causes of the high mortality rate observed in ovarian cancer patients. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer may help find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional stage, through binding to mRNA targets and inducing translational repression or degradation of target via the RNA-induced silencing complex. Over the last two decades, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, including ovarian cancer, has been documented in multiple studies. Consequently, these small RNAs could be considered as reliable markers for prognosis and early diagnosis. Furthermore, given the function of miRNAs in various cellular pathways, including cell survival and differentiation, targeting miRNAs could be an interesting approach for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of the most updated role of the important dysregulation of miRNAs and their roles in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we meticulously discuss the significance of miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Lastly, we mention the opportunities and the efforts made for targeting ovarian cancer through inhibition and/or stimulation of the miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Mirahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fourough Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Samadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Farjami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Samadi-khouzani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Huang L, Zhao L, Zhang J, He F, Wang H, Liu Q, Shi D, Ni N, Wagstaff W, Chen C, Reid RR, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Shen L, He TC, Tang L. Antiparasitic mebendazole (MBZ) effectively overcomes cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17407-17427. [PMID: 34232919 PMCID: PMC8312413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death in women. Its routine clinical management includes surgical resection and systemic therapy with chemotherapeutics. While the first-line systemic therapy requires the combined use of platinum-based agents and paclitaxel, many ovarian cancer patients have recurrence and eventually succumb to chemoresistance. Thus, it is imperative to develop new strategies to overcome recurrence and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Repurposing previously-approved drugs is a cost-effective strategy for cancer drug discovery. The antiparasitic drug mebendazole (MBZ) is one of the most promising drugs with repurposing potential. Here, we investigate whether MBZ can overcome cisplatin resistance and sensitize chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. We first established and characterized two stable and robust cisplatin-resistant (CR) human ovarian cancer lines and demonstrated that MBZ markedly inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed cell wounding healing/migration, and induced apoptosis in both parental and CR cells at low micromole range. Mechanistically, MBZ was revealed to inhibit multiple cancer-related signal pathways including ELK/SRF, NFKB, MYC/MAX, and E2F/DP1 in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. We further showed that MBZ synergized with cisplatin to suppress cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and blunt tumor growth in xenograft tumor model of human cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that MBZ may be repurposed as a synergistic sensitizer of cisplatin in treating chemoresistant human ovarian cancer, which warrants further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fang He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Na Ni
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liangdan Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liang H, Dong J, Cheng Z, Li Q, Feng D, Ling B. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 promotes migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:858. [PMID: 34178131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) is a member of the B cell receptor that functions as a transporter for numerous types of newly formed proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Previous studies found that that BAP31 serves an important role in the pathogenesis of malignancy but its specific effect on ovarian cancer is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether BAP31 affects ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanism. In the present study, ovarian cancer tissue, human ovarian normal epithelial cell line IOSE80 and five ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, Hey-T30, COC1, SKOV3 and OVCAR3) underwent reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay and transcriptome sequencing. Previous studies showed that compared with healthy tissues, the expression level of BAP31 protein was found to be significantly higher in various types of cancer tissues, implying that BAP31 may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. The present study found that BAP31 expression was upregulated in five ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer tissue, such that BAP31 knockdown [performed using two short hairpin (sh)RNA plasmids] decreased proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, BAP31 knockdown was found to downregulate the expression of N-cadherin and upregulate the expression of E-cadherin on transcriptional level by controlling the nuclear aggregation of TWIST1, a transcriptional regulator of N-cadherin and E-cadherin. There was no interaction between BAP31 and E-cadherin or N-cadherin using Co-IP detection, while BAP31, E-cadherin and N-cadherin interacted with TWIST1 protein. E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression levels recovered when TWIST1 was overexpressed in the shBCAP31 cells. These results suggest that BAP31 can regulate the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway at the transcriptional level, which may be beneficial for the identification of potentially novel targets for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiqiao Dong
- GeneX Health Life Co., Ltd., Beijing 100195, P.R. China
| | - Ziyan Cheng
- The Experimental High School Attached To Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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19
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Current update on the molecular genetics and management of hereditary ovarian cancers: a primer for radiologists. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2281-2292. [PMID: 33847772 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than one-fifth of ovarian cancers are hereditary, with most of them caused by BRCA genes. Malignant ovarian neoplasms are primarily epithelial tumors, a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable genetic backgrounds that translate into different biologic behaviors and morphologic features. Radiologists play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of oncology patients. Familiarity with hereditary ovarian cancers will have a positive impact on patient management and radiologists' involvement in the multidisciplinary approach needed for this delicate patient population. In this paper, we review the basic histologic and genetic backgrounds of ovarian tumors with an emphasis on hereditary ovarian cancers, as well as the effects that these factors have on patient workup, primarily with regard to imaging studies.
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20
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Azadi A, Bradley JA, Marchand GJ, Lorenz DJ, Doering D, Ostergard DR. Feasibility of Risk Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy at the Time of Abdominal Surgery for Correction of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Urinary Incontinence. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2021; 10:10-18. [PMID: 33747767 PMCID: PMC7968605 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_21_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to assess the perioperative outcomes when prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is performed concomitantly with surgery to repair pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Materials and Methods This is a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent abdominal surgery for the correction of POP and/or SUI with or without concomitant BSO at a tertiary care center. The primary outcome measures were postsurgery length of hospitalization, estimated blood loss, and 30-day readmission rate. The secondary outcome measure was detection of ovarian cancer precursor lesions. Results We identified 734 patients who had surgery for POP and/or SUI. The control group contained 385 patients, and the BSO group contained 349 patients. There was no difference between the control and BSO groups in the postsurgery length of stay (LOS) (35.2 h vs. 34.1 h; P = 0.49), and all-cause 30-day readmission rate (14.2% vs. 11.6%; P = 0.3085). However, there was decreased blood loss (40.8 ml vs. 67.2 ml, P < 0.0001) in the BSO group compared to the control group. Sub-analysis of primary outcomes in postmenopausal women (age > 55) showed decreased postsurgery LOS (33.4 h vs. 37.4 h; P = 0.0208) and decreased blood loss (35.9 ml vs. 82.7 ml; P < 0.0001) in the BSO group compared to control. Conclusion Secondary to the lack of additional complications, we recommend surgeons give more consideration to finding appropriate candidates for a risk reducing BSO at time of abdominal surgery to repair POP or SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azadi
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA.,Star Urogynecology, Advanced Pelvic Health Institute for Women, Peoria, USA
| | - James A Bradley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Greg J Marchand
- Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas J Lorenz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David Doering
- Norton Cancer Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Donald R Ostergard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Bilbao M, Aikins JK, Ostrovsky O. Is routine omentectomy of grossly normal omentum helpful in surgery for ovarian cancer? A look at the tumor microenvironment and its clinical implications. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:78-82. [PMID: 33436287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is uncommon in relation to other women's cancer, however, it is associated with a disproportionate number of deaths due to women's cancer. According to the National Institute of Health, only 1.2% of new cancer diagnoses in the United States are attributed to ovarian cancer, yet it is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women and is responsible for 2.3% of all female cancer deaths. Ovarian cancer deaths are largely due to widely metastatic and chemoresistant disease that often presents at a late stage. The omentum is one of the most common sites for ovarian cancer metastasis. Recent research findings have highlighted the specific tumor microenvironment of the omentum and how it can be manipulated to prevent ovarian cancer proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Debulking surgery has been the mainstay in the treatment for ovarian cancer. Total omentectomy is classically described as essential to this procedure. This article explores the known benefits of total omentectomy in the surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer as well as the potential benefit contained within the omental tumor microenvironment when the omentum is macroscopically free of disease at the time of initial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bilbao
- MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Healthcare, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - James K Aikins
- MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Healthcare, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Olga Ostrovsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, United States of America.
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22
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Gokulnath P, Soriano AA, de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8, an Emerging Player in Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:95-112. [PMID: 34339032 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer is one of the most lethal and widespread gynecological malignancies. It is the seventh leading cause of all cancer deaths worldwide. High-Grade Serous Cancer (HGSC), the most commonly occurring subtype, alone contributes to 70% of all ovarian cancer deaths. This is mainly attributed to the complete lack of symptoms during the early stages of the disease and absence of an early diagnostic marker.PAX8 is emerging as an important histological marker for most of the epithelial ovarian cancers, as it is expressed in about 90% of malignant ovarian cancers, specifically in HGSC. PAX8 is a member of the Paired-Box gene family (PAX1-9) of transcription factors whose expression is tightly controlled temporally and spatially. The PAX genes are well known for their role in embryonic development and their expression continues to persist in some adult tissues. PAX8 is required for the normal development of Müllerian duct that includes Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and upper part of vagina. In adults, it is expressed in the Fallopian tube and uterine epithelium and not in the ovarian epithelium. Considering the recent studies that predict the events preceding the tumorigenesis of HGSC from the Fallopian tube, PAX8 appears to have an important role in the development of ovarian cancer.In this chapter, we review some of the published findings to highlight the significance of PAX8 as an important marker and an emerging player in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. We also discuss regarding the future perspectives of PAX8 wherein it could contribute to the betterment of ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gokulnath
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Cristofaro
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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23
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Acland M, Arentz G, Mussared M, Whitehead F, Hoffmann P, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Oehler MK. Proteomic Analysis of Pre-Invasive Serous Lesions of the Endometrium and Fallopian Tube Reveals Their Metastatic Potential. Front Oncol 2020; 10:523989. [PMID: 33384952 PMCID: PMC7771701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.523989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Serous endometrial cancer (SEC) and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are aggressive gynecological malignancies with high rates of metastasis and poor prognosis. Endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC), the precursor for SEC, and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), believed to be the precursor lesion for HGSOC, can also be associated with intraabdominal spread. To provide insight into the etiology of these precancerous lesions and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying their metastatic behavior, we performed a proteomic mass spectrometry analysis in a patient with synchronous EIC and STIC. Through histological and molecular identification of precancerous lesions followed by laser capture microdissection, we were able to identify over 450 proteins within the precancerous lesions and adjacent healthy tissue. The proteomic analysis of STIC and EIC showed remarkable overlap in the proteomic patterns, reflecting early neoplastic changes in proliferation, loss of polarity and attachment. Our proteomic analysis showed that both EIC and STIC, despite being regarded as premalignant lesions, have metastatic potential, which correlates with the common presentation of invasive serous gynecological malignancies at advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Acland
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Georgia Arentz
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Max Mussared
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fergus Whitehead
- Cytopathology Department, Clinpath Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Manuela Klingler-Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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24
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Lipid Regulatory Proteins as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Ovarian Cancer in Obese Women. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113469. [PMID: 33233362 PMCID: PMC7700662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a recognized global epidemic that is associated with numerous comorbidities including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer incidence and progression. Ovarian cancer (OvCa) has a unique mechanism of intra-peritoneal metastasis, already present in 80% of women at the time of diagnosis, making it the fifth leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. Meta-analyses showed that obesity increases the risk of OvCa progression, leads to enhanced overall and organ-specific tumor burden, and adversely effects survival of women with OvCa. Recent data discovered that tumors grown in mice fed on a western diet (40% fat) have elevated lipid levels and a highly increased expression level of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). SREBP1 is a master transcription factor that regulates de novo lipogenesis and lipid homeostasis, and induces lipogenic reprogramming of tumor cells. Elevated SREBP1 levels are linked to cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. This review will summarize recent findings to provide a current understanding of lipid regulatory proteins in the ovarian tumor microenvironment with emphasis on SREBP1 expression in the obese host, the role of SREBP1 in cancer progression and metastasis, and potential therapeutic targeting of SREBPs and SREBP-pathway genes in treating cancers, particularly in the context of host obesity.
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25
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Elangovan A, Dracham CB, Muddabhaktuni MCB, Zaidi A. Primary broad ligament adenocarcinoma. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2020; 10:e2020176. [PMID: 33344309 PMCID: PMC7703128 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2020.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary broad ligament carcinoma is a very rare occurrence with 28 reported cases worldwide, to date. The epidemiology, treatment strategy and prognosis are still uncertain because of the scarcity of cases. Currently, all broad ligament carcinomas are managed similar to epithelial ovarian cancer. We report the case of a 43-year-old female with a prolonged complaint of abdominal pain and intermittent urinary retention, requiring frequent catheterization. She was diagnosed with obstructive right hydroureteronephrosis. The abdominal Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) revealed a well-defined heterogeneous lesion of 2.1х3х3.2cm size in the right lateral and posterior wall of the cervix. An ultrasound (USG)-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the mass was done and it was suspected to be malignant. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymph-nodal sampling, and peritoneal washing. Histological examination depicted an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the broad ligament. She received adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by hormonal therapy. It has been five years since her surgery, and she is now alive and disease free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Elangovan
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology. Chandigarh, India
| | - Chinna Babu Dracham
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology. Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ariba Zaidi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Pathology. Chandigarh, India
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26
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Mota A, S Oltra S, Moreno-Bueno G. Insight updating of the molecular hallmarks in ovarian carcinoma. EJC Suppl 2020; 15:16-26. [PMID: 33240439 PMCID: PMC7573468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynaecologic cancer characterised by a high heterogeneity not only at the clinical point of view but also at the molecular level. This review focuses on the new insights about the OC molecular classification. Materials and methods We performed a bibliographic search for different indexed articles focused on the new molecular classification of OC. All of them have been published in PubMed and included information about the most frequent molecular alterations in OC confirmed by omics approaches. In addition, we have extracted information about the role of liquid biopsy in the OC diagnosis and prognosis. Results New molecular insights into OC have allowed novel clinical entities to be defined. Among OC, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) which is the most common OC is characterised by omics approaches, mutations in TP53 and in other genes involved in the homologous recombination repair, especially BRCA1/2. Recent studies in HGSOC have allowed a new molecular classification in subgroups according to their mutational, transcriptional, methylation and copy number variation signatures with a real impact in the characterisation of new therapeutic targets for OC to be defined. Furthermore, despite the intrinsic intra-tumour heterogeneity, the advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of ascetic liquid from OC have opened new ways for its characterisation and treatment. Conclusions The advances in genomic approaches have been used for the identification of new molecular profiling techniques which define OC subgroups and has supposed advances in the diagnosis and in the personalised treatment of OC. Classification of ovarian cancer regarding to widespread genetic and genomic data. Highlighted role of p53 and BRCA1/2 in ovarian cancer for diagnosis and treatment. Intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity in ovarian cancer. Useful of liquid biopsy study in ovarian cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Mota
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, MD Anderson International Foundation Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Sara S Oltra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, MD Anderson International Foundation Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, MD Anderson International Foundation Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
- Corresponding author: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain. Fax: +34 91-5854401.
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27
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Adachi M, Masugi Y, Yamazaki K, Emoto K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Banno K, Aoki D, Sakamoto M. Upregulation of cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer correlates with aggressive histologic types and worse outcomes. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:643-652. [PMID: 32211793 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 (CAP2) regulates actin dynamics to control cell cycles and cell migration. CAP2 overexpression contributes to cancer progression in several tumor types; however, the role of CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the significance of CAP2 expression in epithelial ovarian tumor. METHODS We evaluated CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunocytochemistry and examined the effect of CAP2 silencing in migration and proliferation assays. CAP2 immunohistochemistry was conducted using tissue specimens from 432 ovarian carcinoma patients; a further 55 borderline and benign 65 lesions were analyzed. CAP2 expression levels were defined as low, intermediate or high, for correlation analysis with clinicopathological factors. RESULTS CAP2 expression was significantly higher in cell lines from Type II ovarian cancer than in those in Type I, and knockdown of CAP2 showed decreased migration and proliferation. Higher levels of CAP2 expression in human tissues were associated with Type II histology, residual lesion, lymph node metastasis, ascites cytology and higher clinical stage. High CAP2 expression levels were observed in 26 (23.4%) of 111 Type II ovarian cancers and in 16 (5.0%) of 321 Type I cancers but not in any borderline or benign lesions. Multivariate analyses showed that CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION CAP2 expression is upregulated in aggressive histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Adachi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gutkin DW, Shurin MR, El Azher MA, Shurin GV, Velikokhatnaya L, Prosser D, Shin N, Modugno F, Stemmer P, Elishaev E, Lokshin A. Novel protein and immune response markers of human serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer Biomark 2020; 26:471-479. [PMID: 31658047 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic diseases in the USA and Europe. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary, the most aggressive type of ovarian cancer, is typically diagnosed at advanced stages when the 5-year survival is dismal. Since the cure rate for stage I HGSC is high, early detection of localized initial disease may improve patient outcomes. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is considered to be a precursor lesion of HGSC. Discovery of biomarkers associated with STIC could aid in the development of an HGSC screening algorithm. Using immunohistochemical staining, we have demonstrated overexpression of UCHL1, ADAMTS13, and GAPDH in patients' STIC lesions, but not in cancer-free fallopian tubes. We additionally demonstrated a marked increase of T cells in perineoplastic stroma surrounding STIC lesions (largely CD4 + cells), but not in normal fallopian tubes and HGSC. FOXP3 + T regulatory cells are absent in STIC lesions but are present in HGSC. These observations indicate the microenvironment surrounding a STIC lesion may be immune promoting in contrast to the immune suppressive microenvironment of invasive carcinoma. In summary, we have identified UCHL1, ADAMTS13, and GAPDH as novel potentially useful markers associated with early stages of HGSC tumorigenesis and possibly contribute to STIC immunogenicity. The lack of immune suppression in the STIC microenvironment indicates that the immune system can still recognize and keep STIC controlled at this stage of the tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy W Gutkin
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mounia Alaoui El Azher
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liudmila Velikokhatnaya
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denise Prosser
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Namhee Shin
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Lokshin
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Qian XQ, Tang SS, Shen YM, Chen LL, Cheng XD, Wan XY. Notch1 Affects Chemo-resistance Through Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Epithelial Ovarian cancer cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1215-1223. [PMID: 32547317 PMCID: PMC7294924 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, chemo-resistance is the main cause for treatment failure. Our previous studies have found that SKOV3 could promote immune escape and tumor progression via Notch1 pathway. Therefore, Notch1 is suspected to be involved in chemo-resistance. The current study is to investigate the possible mechanisms of platinum-resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer mediated by Notch1. Methods: The expressions of Notch1, Snail, MMP-2, N-cadherin, Vimentin and E-cadherin were detected by Western-blot. A stable high expression or low expression of Notch1 in ovarian cancer cells was established by using lentiviral gene engineering. The cell migration and invasion ability were observed by scratch test and transwell test. Cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The expression levels of Notch1, Snail, MMP-2, N-cadherin and Vimentin in ovarian cancer were high, while the expression levels of E-cadherin were low.Notch1 promoted the expression of Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin and MMP2 protein, but inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin, promoting cell migration and invasion. Notch1 affected apoptosis of cells through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), increasing the proportion of cells in S phase and G2 phase, thus affecting drug resistance. Conclusion: Notch1 affects EOC cells chemo-resistance by regulating EMT. This may provide a new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qian Qian
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Hangzhou, China
| | - Sang-Sang Tang
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Shen
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Cheng
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wan
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Hangzhou, China
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Whole solid tumour volume histogram analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating high-grade from low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: correlation with Ki-67 proliferation status. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:918-925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Soriano AA, de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Dotolo S, Gokulnath P, Izzo A, Calì G, Facchiano A, Zannini M. PAX8 expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer positively regulates attachment to ECM via Integrin β3. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:303. [PMID: 31832016 PMCID: PMC6865034 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the third most common cause of death among gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Understanding the biology and molecular pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors is key to developing improved prognostic indicators and effective therapies. We aimed to determine the effects of PAX8 expression on the migrative, adhesive and survival capabilities of high-grade serous carcinoma cells. Methods PAX8 depleted Fallopian tube secretory cells and ovarian cancer cells were generated using short interfering siRNA. Anoikis resistance, cell migration and adhesion properties of PAX8 silenced cells were analyzed by means of specific assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was carried out using a PAX8 polyclonal antibody to demonstrate that PAX8 is able to bind to the 5′-flanking region of the ITGB3 gene positively regulating its expression. Results Here, we report that RNAi silencing of PAX8 sensitizes non-adherent cancer cells to anoikis and affects their tumorigenic properties. We show that PAX8 plays a critical role in migration and adhesion of both Fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition of PAX8 gene expression reduces the ability of ovarian cancer cells to migrate and adhere to the ECM and specifically to fibronectin and/or collagen substrates. Moreover, loss of PAX8 strongly reduces ITGB3 expression and consequently the correct expression of the αvβ3 heterodimer on the plasma membrane. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that PAX8 modulates the interaction of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, we also highlight a novel pathway downstream this transcription factor. Overall, PAX8 could be a potential therapeutic target for high-grade serous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amata Amy Soriano
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,2Dpt. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,3Present Address: IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, ISReMIT, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Cristofaro
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Dotolo
- 4ISA, Institute of Food Science-National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- 2Dpt. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- 4ISA, Institute of Food Science-National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Sun H, Cao D, Ma X, Yang J, Peng P, Yu M, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Li L, Huo X, Shen K. Identification of a Prognostic Signature Associated With DNA Repair Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:839. [PMID: 31572446 PMCID: PMC6751318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian cancer is a highly malignant cancer with a poor prognosis. At present, there is no accurate strategy for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer. A prognosis prediction signature associated with DNA repair genes in ovarian cancer was explored in this study. Methods: Gene expression profiles of ovarian cancer were downloaded from the GEO, UCSC, and TCGA databases. Cluster analysis, univariate analysis, and stepwise regression were used to identify DNA repair genes as potential targets and a prognostic signature for ovarian cancer survival prediction. The top genes were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of ovarian cancer tissues, and external data were used to assess the signature. Results: A total of 28 DNA repair genes were identified as being significantly associated with overall survival (OS) among patients with ovarian cancer. The results showed that high expression of XPC and RECQL and low expression of DMC1 were associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. The prognostic signature combining 14 DNA repair genes was able to separate ovarian cancer samples associated with different OS times and showed robust performance for predicting survival (Training set: p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.759; Testing set: p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.76). Conclusion: Our study identified 28 DNA repair genes related to the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Using some of these potential biomarkers, we constructed a prognostic signature to effectively stratify ovarian cancer patients with different OS rates, which may also serve as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwen Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huimei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Khan S, Ayub H, Khan T, Wahid F. MicroRNA biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms and role in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. Biochimie 2019; 167:12-24. [PMID: 31493469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important class of short regulatory RNA molecules involved in regulation of several essential biological processes. In addition to Dicer and Drosha, over the past few years several other gene products are discovered that regulates miRNA biogenesis pathways. Similarly, various models of molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA mediated gene silencing have been uncovered through which miRNA contribute in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been reported in many cancers manifesting tumor suppressive or oncogenic role. In this review, critical overview of recent findings in miRNA biogenesis, silencing mechanisms and specifically the role of miRNA in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be described. Recent advancements in miRNA research summarized in this review will enhance the molecular understanding of miRNA biogenesis and mechanism of action. Also, role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will provide the insights for the use of miRNAs as biomarker or therapeutic agents for the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ayub
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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Chronic iron exposure and c-Myc/H-ras-mediated transformation in fallopian tube cells alter the expression of EVI1, amplified at 3q26.2 in ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:46. [PMID: 31434871 PMCID: PMC6704182 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are not yet well defined although key precursor cells have been identified (including fimbriated fallopian tube epithelium, FTSECs). Since iron is elevated in endometriotic cysts and the pelvic cavity, it is suggested that this source of redox-active iron may contribute to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Specifically, sources of nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI) within the pelvic cavity could arise from ovulation, retrograde menstruation, follicular fluid, or iron overload conditions (i.e., hemochromatosis). Herein, we investigated the cellular response of p53-inactivated and telomerase-expressing (immortalized) FTSECs (Pax8+/FoxJ1−) to NTBI (presented as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), supplemented in media for >2 months) in order to assess its ability to promote the transition to a tumor-like phenotype; this cellular response was compared with immortalized FTSECs transformed with H-RasV12A and c-MycT58A. Both approaches resulted in increased cell numbers and expression of the oncogenic transcriptional regulator, ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1, a gene most frequently amplified at 3q26.2 in HGSOC, represented by multiple variants), along with other oncogenic gene products. In contrast to the transformed cells, FAC-exposed FTSECs elicited elevated migratory capacity (and epithelial–mesenchymal transition mRNA profile) along with increased expression of DNA damage response proteins (i.e., FANCD2) and hTERT mRNA relative to controls. Interestingly, in FAC-exposed FTSECs, EVI1 siRNA attenuated hTERT mRNA expression, whereas siRNAs targeting β-catenin and BMI1 (both elevated with chronic iron exposure) reduced Myc and Cyclin D1 proteins. Collectively, our novel findings provide strong foundational evidence for potential iron-induced initiation events, including EVI1 alterations, in the pathogenesis of HGSOC, warranting further in depth investigations. Thus, these findings will substantially advance our understanding of the contribution of iron enriched within the pelvic cavity, which may identify patients at risk of developing this deadly disease.
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El Hussein S, Guerrero D, Khader SN. Peritoneal involvement by salpingoliths clinical significance and cytological challenges of interpretation. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:1302-1305. [PMID: 31390157 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of salpingoliths detected in peritoneal washing, during an elective bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, in a 32 years old woman with history of familial BRCA gene mutation. Salpingoliths are psammoma body-like types of calcification that originate from the fallopian tubes and can be encountered in peritoneal washings. Unlike psammoma bodies, salpingoliths have been tagged to benign and hyperplastic processes more often than neoplastic processes. Misinterpreting salpingoliths as psammoma bodies in peritoneal washings can be misleading for both cytopathologists and clinicians, especially as in the presented case, where there is a high risk for ovarian carcinoma. In this article, we aim to shed light on this rare finding, and report theories explaining its pathogenesis, in addition we provide an example of its challenging cytological presentation, to increase awareness among cytopathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba El Hussein
- The Leopold G. Koss Division of Cytopathology, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dominick Guerrero
- The Leopold G. Koss Division of Cytopathology, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Samer N Khader
- The Leopold G. Koss Division of Cytopathology, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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An Alternate Diagnostic Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Intraepithelial Fallopian Tube Lesions. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 39:261-269. [PMID: 31033800 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intraepithelial fallopian tube neoplasia is thought to be a precursor lesion to high-grade serous carcinoma of the Müllerian adnexae, particularly in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This association has led to recommendations to assess fallopian tubes for intraepithelial atypia. However, the diagnostic reproducibility of a diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia is unclear. In this study, 2 gynecologic pathologists independently evaluated sections of fallopian tubes from a sample of women (N=198, 623 slides) undergoing salpingectomy. A total of 101 (54%) women were undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathologists were blinded to patient histories and prior diagnoses. Pathologists rendered one of three diagnoses for each slide: "negative for fallopian tube intraepithelial neoplasia (FTIN)," "indeterminate for FTIN," or "definite for FTIN." Cases that were considered by histology definite for FTIN or suspicious for FTIN were stained with p53 and Ki67. Pathologists agreed on the diagnosis of "definite for FTIN" 61.5% of the time. There was no agreement on any cases for the diagnosis of "indeterminate for FTIN." Fifteen "indeterminate for FTIN" and 12 "definite for FTIN" cases were stained with p53 and Ki67. Two of the "indeterminate" cases (13%) had p53-positive foci. Five of the "definite" cases had p53-positive foci. In 3 of the other 8 "definite" cases, there was obvious carcinoma present, but the carcinoma did not stain with p53, suggesting a possible null phenotype. We propose that immunostains should only be used to aid in the diagnosis of FTIN in cases with indeterminate histology. The use of p53 immunohistochemistry in cases that were considered "definite for FTIN" by histology was minimally helpful, and in fact often served to further confuse the diagnosis.
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Panyavaranant P, Teerapakpinyo C, Pohthipornthawat N, Oranratanaphan S, Shuangshoti S, Triratanachat S. RAS Mutation in Mucinous Carcinoma of the Ovary. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1127-1132. [PMID: 31030485 PMCID: PMC6948896 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to identify genetic mutation in mucinous carcinoma of the ovary of the patients
in King Chulalongkorn Memorial hospital, Bangkok, Thailand and study the relationship between genetic mutation
and patients’ prognosis. Methods: Fifty cases of primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary were selected. DNA was
analyzed for genetic mutation using ColoCarta Panel v1.0 and MassArray® System. Demographic data and clinical
information of the participants were reviewed from electronic medical records and government data services. Results:
Median of disease-free survival is 171.33 +/- 9.04 months and the median overall survival is 171.37 +/- 9.03 months.
Twelve percent of the participants had recurrence and all of recurrent cases died from disease or its complication. We
found three mutations which were KRAS (27 cases, 54%), PIK3CA (4 cases, 8%) and BRAF (1 case, 2%). Among the
KRAS-mutated patients, the majority of the cases (25 cases, 92.6%) were in stage I. Recurrence and disease related
mortality were not observed in the KRAS mutated patients. Conclusion: The genetic mutation analysis found three
mutations which were KRAS 27 cases (54%), PIK3CA 4 cases (8%) and BRAF 1 case (2%) The ovarian mucinous
carcinoma patients with KRAS mutation in our study showed excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyada Panyavaranant
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chinachote Teerapakpinyo
- Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natkrita Pohthipornthawat
- Division of Cyto-pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shina Oranratanaphan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Shanop Shuangshoti
- Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surang Triratanachat
- Division of Cyto-pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Price C, Gill S, Ho ZV, Davidson SM, Merkel E, McFarland JM, Leung L, Tang A, Kost-Alimova M, Tsherniak A, Jonas O, Vazquez F, Hahn WC. Genome-Wide Interrogation of Human Cancers Identifies EGLN1 Dependency in Clear Cell Ovarian Cancers. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2564-2579. [PMID: 30898838 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that candidate dependencies for which there are small molecules that are either approved or in advanced development for a nononcology indication may represent potential therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis, we performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens in hundreds of cancer cell lines. We found that knockout of EGLN1, which encodes prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), reduced the proliferation of a subset of clear cell ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. EGLN1-dependent cells exhibited sensitivity to the pan-EGLN inhibitor FG-4592. The response to FG-4592 was reversed by deletion of HIF1A, demonstrating that EGLN1 dependency was related to negative regulation of HIF1A. We also found that ovarian clear cell tumors susceptible to both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EGLN1 required intact HIF1A. Collectively, these observations identify EGLN1 as a cancer target with therapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal a differential dependency of clear cell ovarian cancers on EGLN1, thus identifying EGLN1 as a potential therapeutic target in clear cell ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colles Price
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stanley Gill
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zandra V Ho
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Merkel
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lisa Leung
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Tang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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An evolving story of the metastatic voyage of ovarian cancer cells: cellular and molecular orchestration of the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment. Oncogene 2018; 38:2885-2898. [PMID: 30568223 PMCID: PMC6755962 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex multistep process that involves critical interactions between cancer cells and a variety of stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, which profoundly influence the different aspects of the metastatic cascade and organ tropism of disseminating cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and is characterized by peritoneal disseminated metastasis. Evidence has demonstrated that ovarian cancer possesses specific metastatic tropism for the adipose-rich omentum, which has a pivotal role in the creation of the metastatic tumor microenvironment in the intraperitoneal cavity. Considering the distinct biology of ovarian cancer metastasis, the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the reciprocal interplay between ovarian cancer cells and surrounding stromal cell types in the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment will provide further insights into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Herein, we review the biological mechanisms that regulate the highly orchestrated crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and various cancer-associated stromal cells in the metastatic tumor microenvironment with regard to the omentum by illustrating how different stromal cells concertedly contribute to the development of ovarian cancer metastasis and metastatic tropism for the omentum.
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40
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Kim J, Park EY, Kim O, Schilder JM, Coffey DM, Cho CH, Bast RC. Cell Origins of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110433. [PMID: 30424539 PMCID: PMC6267333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer, also known as high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), is the most common and deadliest type of ovarian cancer. HGSC appears to arise from the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum. As most HGSC cases present with widespread peritoneal metastases, it is often not clear where HGSC truly originates. Traditionally, the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) was long believed to be the origin of HGSC. Since the late 1990s, the fallopian tube epithelium has emerged as a potential primary origin of HGSC. Particularly, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), a noninvasive tumor lesion formed preferentially in the distal fallopian tube epithelium, was proposed as a precursor for HGSC. It was hypothesized that STIC lesions would progress, over time, to malignant and metastatic HGSC, arising from the fallopian tube or after implanting on the ovary or peritoneum. Many clinical studies and several mouse models support the fallopian tube STIC origin of HGSC. Current evidence indicates that STIC may serve as a precursor for HGSC in high-risk women carrying germline BRCA1 or 2 mutations. Yet not all STIC lesions appear to progress to clinical HGSCs, nor would all HGSCs arise from STIC lesions, even in high-risk women. Moreover, the clinical importance of STIC remains less clear in women in the general population, in which 85–90% of all HGSCs arise. Recently, increasing attention has been brought to the possibility that many potential precursor or premalignant lesions, though composed of microscopically—and genetically—cancerous cells, do not advance to malignant tumors or lethal malignancies. Hence, rigorous causal evidence would be crucial to establish that STIC is a bona fide premalignant lesion for metastatic HGSC. While not all STICs may transform into malignant tumors, these lesions are clearly associated with increased risk for HGSC. Identification of the molecular characteristics of STICs that predict their malignant potential and clinical behavior would bolster the clinical importance of STIC. Also, as STIC lesions alone cannot account for all HGSCs, other potential cellular origins of HGSC need to be investigated. The fallopian tube stroma in mice, for instance, has been shown to be capable of giving rise to metastatic HGSC, which faithfully recapitulates the clinical behavior and molecular aspect of human HGSC. Elucidating the precise cell(s) of origin of HGSC will be critical for improving the early detection and prevention of ovarian cancer, ultimately reducing ovarian cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Olga Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jeanne M Schilder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Donna M Coffey
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chi-Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 41931, Korea.
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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41
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Brunette LL, Mhawech-Fauceglia PY, Ji L, Skeate JG, Brand HE, Lawrenson K, Walia S, Chiriva-Internati M, Groshen S, Roman LD, Kast WM, Da Silva DM. Validity and prognostic significance of sperm protein 17 as a tumor biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:970. [PMID: 30309325 PMCID: PMC6182788 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior small studies have shown increased expression of sperm protein 17 (Sp17) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissue and suggest Sp17 as a potential biomarker for EOC. However, how Sp17 expression varies with histology, grade, and stage of EOC and its expression in other ovarian neoplasms has not been defined. It is unknown whether patients with EOC have elevated serum Sp17 levels or if Sp17 expression is associated with survival outcomes. Methods The study included 982 patients with benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian neoplasms and normal ovary. There were 878 patients with tissue only, 39 with serum only, and 65 with matching serum and tissue. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with anti-Sp17 antibody was performed on tissue specimens and the intensity scored as weak, moderate, or strong. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure Sp17 sera concentrations. Results Sp17 expression was most commonly seen in serous cystadenomas (83%) and serous borderline tumors (100%). Of the 773 EOC specimens, 223 (30%) expressed Sp17. Grade and histology were significantly associated with Sp17 expression among EOC specimens (p < 0.001) on both univariate and multivariable analysis, with grade 1 serous adenocarcinomas showing the highest expression (51%). Sp17 expression was limited in other benign and non-epithelial malignant neoplasms. Neither Sp17 tissue expression nor serum concentration correlated with survival outcomes. Serum concentrations were higher in patients with Sp17 tissue expression, and the highest concentrations were noted among patients with serous and clear cell adenocarcinomas. Conclusions Sp17 is highly expressed in benign, borderline, and low grade malignant serous ovarian neoplasms and can be quantified in serum. Sp17 expression may have diagnostic significance in this subset of patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4880-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Brunette
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Lingyun Ji
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Heike E Brand
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Saloni Walia
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Myeloma and Lymphoma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.,Kiromic, Inc, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan Groshen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lynda D Roman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.
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42
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Coan M, Rampioni Vinciguerra GL, Cesaratto L, Gardenal E, Bianchet R, Dassi E, Vecchione A, Baldassarre G, Spizzo R, Nicoloso MS. Exploring the Role of Fallopian Ciliated Cells in the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092512. [PMID: 30149579 PMCID: PMC6163198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women and the first among gynecological malignancies. Despite an initial response to standard chemotherapy, most HGSOC patients relapse. To improve treatment options, we must continue investigating tumor biology. Tumor characteristics (e.g., risk factors and epidemiology) are valuable clues to accomplish this task. The two most frequent risk factors for HGSOC are the lifetime number of ovulations, which is associated with increased oxidative stress in the pelvic area caused by ovulation fluid, and a positive family history due to genetic factors. In the attempt to identify novel genetic factors (i.e., genes) associated with HGSOC, we observed that several genes in linkage with HGSOC are expressed in the ciliated cells of the fallopian tube. This finding made us hypothesize that ciliated cells, despite not being the cell of origin for HGSOC, may take part in HGSOC tumor initiation. Specifically, malfunction of the ciliary beat impairs the laminar fluid flow above the fallopian tube epithelia, thus likely reducing the clearance of oxidative stress caused by follicular fluid. Herein, we review the up-to-date findings dealing with HGSOC predisposition with the hypothesis that fallopian ciliated cells take part in HGSOC onset. Finally, we review the up-to-date literature concerning genes that are located in genomic loci associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) predisposition that are expressed by the fallopian ciliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Coan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Laura Cesaratto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Gardenal
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Bianchet
- Scientific Direction, CRO Aviano Italy, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Erik Dassi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of clinical and molecular medicine, university of Rome "Sapienza", c/o sant andrea hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Milena Sabrina Nicoloso
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
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Hodgkinson K, Forrest LA, Vuong N, Garson K, Djordjevic B, Vanderhyden BC. GREB1 is an estrogen receptor-regulated tumour promoter that is frequently expressed in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:5873-5886. [PMID: 29973689 PMCID: PMC6212416 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogenic hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer, and estrogen promotes tumour initiation and growth in mouse models of this disease. GREB1 (Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1) is an ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1)-upregulated protein which may mediate estrogen action. GREB1 knockdown prevents hormone-driven proliferation of several breast and prostate cancer cell lines and prolongs survival of mice engrafted with ovarian cancer cells, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we explored GREB1 function in ovarian cancer. GREB1 overexpression in ovarian cancer cell lines increased cell proliferation and migration and promoted a mesenchymal morphology associated with increased Col1a2, which encodes a collagen I subunit. GREB1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted an epithelial morphology associated with decreased Col1a2. In human tissues, GREB1 was expressed in all ESR1-expressing tissues throughout the normal female reproductive tract, in addition to several tissues that did not show ESR1 expression. In a TMA of ovarian cancer cases, GREB1 was expressed in 75–85% of serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell carcinomas. Serous, endometrioid, and mucinous ovarian cancers were almost always positive for either ESR1 or GREB1, suggesting a possible reliance on signalling through ESR1 and/or GREB1. Targeting GREB1 may inhibit tumour-promoting pathways both downstream and independent of ESR1 and is therefore a possible treatment strategy worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Hodgkinson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Forrest
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nhung Vuong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Garson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Djordjevic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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44
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Muinao T, Pal M, Deka Boruah HP. Origins based clinical and molecular complexities of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1326-1345. [PMID: 29890249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all common gynaecological malignancies in women worldwide. Ovarian cancer comprises of >15 distinct tumor types and subtypes characterized by histopathological features, environmental and genetic risk factors, precursor lesions and molecular events during oncogenesis. Recent studies on gene signature profiling of different subtypes of ovarian cancer have revealed significant genetic heterogeneity between and within each ovarian cancer histological subtype. Thus, an immense interest have shown towards a more personalized medicine for understanding the clinical and molecular complexities of four major types of epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous). As such, further in depth studies are needed for identification of molecular signalling network complexities associated with effective prognostication and targeted therapies to prevent or treat metastasis. Therefore, understanding the metastatic potential of primary ovarian cancer and therapeutic interventions against lethal ovarian cancer for the development of personalized therapies is very much indispensable. Consequently, in this review we have updated the key dysregulated genes of four major subtypes of epithelial carcinomas. We have also highlighted the recent advances and current challenges in unravelling the complexities of the origin of tumor as well as genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thingreila Muinao
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India.
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
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45
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Dall'Acqua A, Sonego M, Pellizzari I, Pellarin I, Canzonieri V, D'Andrea S, Benevol S, Sorio R, Giorda G, Califano D, Bagnoli M, Militello L, Mezzanzanica D, Chiappetta G, Armenia J, Belletti B, Schiappacassi M, Baldassarre G. CDK6 protects epithelial ovarian cancer from platinum-induced death via FOXO3 regulation. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1415-1433. [PMID: 28778953 PMCID: PMC5623833 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an infrequent but highly lethal disease, almost invariably treated with platinum‐based therapies. Improving the response to platinum represents a great challenge, since it could significantly impact on patient survival. Here, we report that silencing or pharmacological inhibition of CDK6 increases EOC cell sensitivity to platinum. We observed that, upon platinum treatment, CDK6 phosphorylated and stabilized the transcription factor FOXO3, eventually inducing ATR transcription. Blockage of this pathway resulted in EOC cell death, due to altered DNA damage response accompanied by increased apoptosis. These observations were recapitulated in EOC cell lines in vitro, in xenografts in vivo, and in primary tumor cells derived from platinum‐treated patients. Consistently, high CDK6 and FOXO3 expression levels in primary EOC predict poor patient survival. Our data suggest that CDK6 represents an actionable target that can be exploited to improve platinum efficacy in EOC patients. As CDK4/6 inhibitors are successfully used in cancer patients, our findings can be immediately transferred to the clinic to improve the outcome of EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dall'Acqua
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maura Sonego
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellizzari
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellarin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Division of Pathology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara D'Andrea
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Benevol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Division of Gynecology-Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Daniela Califano
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Militello
- Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Chiappetta
- Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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46
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[Recommendations for biomarker testing in epithelial ovarian cancer. A national consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology]. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA : PUBLICACIÓN OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CITOLOGÍA 2018; 51:84-96. [PMID: 29602379 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the histological and molecular characteristics of ovarian cancer now allow 5subtypes to be identified, leading to a more refined therapeutic approach and improved clinical trials. Each of the subtypes has specific histological features and a particular biomarker expression, as well as mutations in different genes, some of which have prognostic and predictive value. CA125 and HE4 are examples of ovarian cancer biomarkers used in diagnosis and follow-up. Currently, somatic or germinal mutations on BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the most important biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer, having prognostic and predictive value. In this article, a group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology review the histological and molecular characteristics of the 5subtypes of ovarian cancer and describe the most useful biomarkers and mutations for diagnosis, screening and tailored treatment strategy.
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47
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A systematic approach to adnexal masses discovered on ultrasound: the ADNEx MR scoring system. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:679-695. [PMID: 28900696 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adnexal lesions are a common occurrence in radiology practice and imaging plays a crucial role in triaging women appropriately. Current trends toward early detection and characterization have increased the need for accurate imaging assessment of adnexal lesions prior to treatment. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for assessing adnexal lesions; however, approximately 20% of lesions are incompletely characterized after ultrasound evaluation. Secondary assessment with MR imaging using the ADNEx MR Scoring System has been demonstrated as highly accurate in the characterization of adnexal lesions and in excluding ovarian cancer. This review will address the role of MR imaging in further assessment of adnexal lesions discovered on US, and the utility of the ADNEx MR Scoring System.
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48
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Expression and function of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 isoforms in transformed endometriotic and malignant ovarian cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5344-5367. [PMID: 29435183 PMCID: PMC5797054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is proposed to contribute to the transition from endometriosis to specific subtypes of ovarian cancers (OVCAs). Regulation of intracellular iron occurs via a ferritinophagic process involving NCOA4 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4), represented by two major isoforms (NCOA4α and NCOA4β), whose contribution to ovarian cancer biology remains uninvestigated. We thus generated transformed endometriotic cells (via HRASV12A, c-MYCT58A, and p53 inactivation) whose migratory potential was increased in response to conditioned media from senescent endometriotic cells. We identified elevated NCOA4 mRNA in transformed endometriotic cells (relative to non-transformed). Knockdown of NCOA4 increased ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and p21 protein which was accompanied by reduced cell survival while NCOA4β overexpression reduced colony formation. NCOA4α and NCOA4β mRNA were elevated in malignant versus non-malignant gynecological cells; NCOA4α protein was increased in the assessed malignant cell lines as well as in a series of OVCA subtypes (relative to normal adjacent tissues). Further, NCOA4 protein expression was regulated in a proteasome- and autophagy-independent manner. Collectively, our results implicate NCOA4 in ovarian cancer biology in which it could be involved in the transition from precursors to OVCA.
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49
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Matias-Guiu X, Stewart CJR. Endometriosis-associated ovarian neoplasia. Pathology 2017; 50:190-204. [PMID: 29241974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the most relevant pathological and molecular features of ovarian tumours that are associated with endometriosis. Endometriosis is a common condition, affecting 5-15% of all women, and it has been estimated that 0.5-1% of cases are complicated by neoplasia. The most common malignant tumours in this setting are endometrioid adenocarcinoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma, each accounting for approximately 10% of ovarian carcinomas in Western countries. A minority of cases are associated with Lynch syndrome. These carcinomas are often confined to the ovaries at presentation in which case they have relatively favourable outcomes. However, high-stage tumours, particularly clear cell carcinomas, generally have a poor prognosis and this partly reflects relative resistance to current treatment. Histological diagnosis is straightforward in the majority of cases but some variants, for example endometrioid carcinomas with sex cord-like appearances or oxyphil cells, may create diagnostic difficulty. Similarly, clear cell carcinomas can show a range of architectural and cytological patterns that overlap with other tumours, both primary and metastatic, involving the ovaries. Endometriosis-associated borderline tumours are less common, and they often show mixed patterns of differentiation (seromucinous tumours). Atypical endometriosis may represent an intermediate step in neoplastic progression and some of these lesions demonstrate immunohistological and molecular alterations similar to those observed in endometriosis-related tumours. ARID1A mutations are relatively common in all of these tumours, but each has additional characteristic molecular alterations which are likely to be of increasing clinical relevance as targeted therapies are developed. Less is known of the pathogenesis of rarer endometriosis-associated ovarian tumours including endometrioid stromal sarcoma, mesodermal (Müllerian) adenosarcoma, and carcinosarcoma. This article also briefly reviews the issue of synchronous endometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium and the ovary, including the most recent developments on pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital U Arnau de Vilanova and Hospital U de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, and CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Colin J R Stewart
- Department of Histopathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, and School for Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Chen M, Yao S, Cao Q, Xia M, Liu J, He M. The prognostic value of Ki67 in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: an 11-year cohort study of Chinese patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107877-107885. [PMID: 29296209 PMCID: PMC5746111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess the prognostic role of Ki67 in primary ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) and to determine whether Ki67 expression can predict responsiveness to platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 318 women were included in the analysis and the median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 3-150 months). Ki67 proliferation indices ranged from 3% to 95% with a median of 40%. Using 40% as the cut-off value for the Ki67 index, we classified 141 patients as having low Ki67 expression and 177 patients as having high Ki67 expression. Low Ki67 expression was a predictor of platinum resistance (hazard ratio (HR) 2.85, 95% CI 1.43-5.98, P < 0.001). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, comparisons of patients with low versus high Ki67 expression demonstrated that low Ki67 expression was significantly associated with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) (22% vs. 34% for 5-year PFS, P < 0.001) and decreased overall survival (OS) (31% vs. 55%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that low Ki67 expression was associated with decreased PFS (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.75-6.56, P < 0.001) and decreased OS (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.38-5.01, P = 0.003). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of patients with stage I-IV primary ovarian HGSC was conducted from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2012. Ki67 levels were measured via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed with respect to clinicopathological factors, and a survival analysis was performed. CONCLUSIONS HGSC appears to be a heterogeneous disease with different clinical outcomes. Low Ki67 expression (< 40%) in HGSC is significantly associated with platinum resistance and decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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