Moral Distress in the Italian PICUs: The Role of Individual and Organizational Factors

Moral distress and ethical climate in pediatric oncology care impact healthcare professionals' intentions to leave

OBJECTIVE

To assess perceptions of ethical climate, experiences of moral distress, and intentions to leave among healthcare professionals in Nordic pediatric oncology care.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey with registered nurses, physicians, and nursing assistants at 20 Nordic pediatric cancer centers. Data were collected by using translated versions of the Swedish Hospital Ethical Climate Survey-Shortened and the Swedish Moral Distress Scale-Revised. Descriptive analyses and non-parametric tests were used to describe, summarize, and compare data.

RESULTS

According to 543 healthcare professionals (response rate 58%), the ethical climate in Nordic pediatric oncology care was positive. Inadequate staffing levels, poor continuity and lack of time were the most common causes of moral distress. Registered nurses experienced significantly higher levels of moral distress compared to physicians and nursing assistants. About 6% of the respondents considered leaving due to moral distress. Typically, they assessed the ethical climate as less positive and reported higher levels of moral distress than those who had no intention to leave.

CONCLUSIONS

Organizational actions that ensure safe staffing levels and improve the continuity of care are needed to prevent moral distress and high staff turnover.