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Malige A, Markiewitz ND, Badrinath R, Baldwin KD, Wells L, Williams BA. Trampolines Versus Playgrounds - A Comparative Assessment of Pediatric Fractures Sustained From Recreational Play. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2024; 8:01979360-202407000-00005. [PMID: 38996208 PMCID: PMC11239173 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-24-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using the Pediatric Health Information System, this study compared the relative severity of fractures sustained from trampolines with those from other playground equipment. METHODS Pediatric patients were identified in the Pediatric Health Information System with trampoline-related injuries (TRIs) or playground-related injuries (PRIs) diagnosed as fractures. Adjustments were made for hospital, year of injury, sex, age, race, median household income, and rurality through propensity score weighting. Four injury-related outcome measures were examined as a proxy for injury severity. RESULTS A total of 133,232 patients met inclusion criteria. In unadjusted univariate analyses, TRIs were associated with greater odds of severe fracture and lower odds of receiving surgical treatment (OR = 0.954) compared with PRIs. After adjustment, TRIs sustained in late childhood and adolescence were more likely to receive surgical management (OR = 1.092 and OR = 1.192, respectively) while TRIs sustained in younger children were less likely (OR = 0.607) than PRIs. DISCUSSION Youths in late childhood and adolescence are at increased odds of undergoing surgical management after trampoline fractures. Beyond underscoring the risks of trampoline play, our results highlight the importance of considering age in recreational injury epidemiology and the public health safety initiatives aimed at specific age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Malige
- From the St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA (Dr. Malige), and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA (Dr. Markiewitz, Dr. Badrinath, Dr. Baldwin, Dr. Wells, and Dr. Williams)
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Husen M, Engrav SK, Saul D, Stuart MJ, Milbrandt TA, Levy BA, Krych AJ, Saris DB. Differences in Trampoline-Related Knee Injuries Between Children and Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209666. [PMID: 37954864 PMCID: PMC10637177 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the specific risk of knee injuries due to trampoline accidents in adults compared with children. Purpose To investigate the differences in trampoline-related knee injuries between children and adults and identify risk factors and protective strategies to reduce injury incidence. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Data on 229 consecutive patients treated for trampoline-related knee injuries in a single institution were prospectively collected, analyzed, and included. Risk factors, injury patterns, and clinical treatments were compared between skeletally immature and skeletally mature patients. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for specific risk factors for trampoline-related injuries-including body mass index (BMI), trauma mechanism, patient age, and accident location. Results A total of 229 patients met the inclusion criteria; 118 (52%) patients (women, 54.2%; mean age, 8.5 ± 4.1 years) were skeletally immature at the time of injury, and 111 (48%) patients (women, 72%; mean age, 31.9 ± 13.1 years) had closed physes on initial presentation and were classified as skeletally mature. A total of 63 patients (28%) required surgical treatment for their knee injury. Overall, 50 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, 46 fractures, 39 meniscal tears, 31 ligamentous tears other than ACL, 22 patellar dislocations, and 38 soft tissue injuries, such as lacerations, were recorded. Skeletally mature patients had 7.8 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.6-46.8; P < .05) and 19.1 increased odds (95% CI, 5.5-74.9; P < .05) of an ACL tear or another ligamentous tear, respectively, compared with skeletally immature patients. Patients who described instability and giving way of the knee as relevant trauma mechanisms had odds of 3.11 (95% CI, 0.9-14.8; P < .05) of an ACL tear compared with other trauma mechanisms. Meniscal tears were observed more frequently in the skeletally mature cohort (P < .05). An elevated BMI was associated with a significantly higher relative risk of an ACL tear, a ligamentous tear other than the ACL, and an injury requiring surgery. A third of surgically treated patients were subject to a delayed diagnosis. Conclusion Adults had a significantly increased risk of ligamentous and meniscal tears and required operative intervention more often than skeletally immature individuals. Elevated BMI, age, and instability events in terms of trauma mechanism conveyed an increased risk of structural damage to the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Husen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha K. Engrav
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J. Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd A. Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A. Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniël B.F. Saris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Runtz A, Nallet J, Font V, Anriot M, Pechin C, Langlais J, de Billy B. Trampoline injuries in children: A prospective study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103289. [PMID: 35470113 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trampolining is popular and widely practiced among children. A literature review has shown a rise in the incidence of trampoline injuries with a concomitant increase in paediatric emergency department visits. The primary objective of this study was to describe the severity of trampoline injuries in children. The secondary objectives were to assess the epidemiology of the study population and injuries and to describe the treatments. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that over 10% of trampoline injuries were severe. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients seen for surgical conditions at our paediatric emergency department over a 10-month period. Among them, 103 (1.2% of visits) aged 4 months to 16 years (mean, 8 years) had trampoline injuries. We classified trampoline injuries as severe if they required general anaesthesia. RESULTS Severe injuries accounted for 16.5% of all trampoline injuries. The upper limb was predominantly affected (70.6% of cases). Overall, 66.7% of fractures were at the upper limb and 76% of contusions at the lower limb. The predominant fracture sites were the supra-condylar humerus (15.3%) and distal radius (15.3%). Among patients with non-severe injuries, four-fifths left the emergency department with a temporary immobilisation system. DISCUSSION The proportion of severe injuries was slightly higher in our study than in earlier reports. Trampoline injuries remain uncommon but can be severe. Thus, in our study over one-sixth of patients required surgery under general anaesthesia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, prospective descriptive epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Runtz
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Jérémie Nallet
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Victor Font
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Anriot
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Pechin
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean Langlais
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benoît de Billy
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
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Hussein MH, Toreih AA, Attia AS, Alrowaili M, Fawzy MS, Tatum D, Toraih EA, Kandil E, Duchesne J, Taghavi S. Trampoline Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Jumping Threat. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e894-e899. [PMID: 34339161 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As trampoline use grows more popular in the United States, the frequency of injuries continues to climb. We hypothesized that toddlers would be at the highest risk for trampoline injuries requiring hospitalization. METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was examined for trampoline injuries from 2009 to 2018. Patients were categorized into 3 main age groups: toddlers (<2 years), children (2-12 years), and adolescents (13-18 years). Regression models were used to identify patients at high risk for injury or hospitalization. RESULTS There was a total of 800,969 meeting inclusion criteria, with 433,827 (54.2%) occurring at their own homes and 86,372 (18.1%) at the sporting venue. Of the total, 36,789 (4.6%) were admitted to a hospital. Fractures (N = 270,884, 34%), strain/sprain injuries (N = 264,990, 33%), followed by skin contusions/abrasions (N = 115,708, 14%) were the most common diagnoses. The most frequent injury sites were lower and upper extremities accounting for 329,219 (41.1%) and 244,032 (30.5%), whereas 175,645 (21.9%) had head and neck injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries (74%) and concussions (2.6%) were more frequent in adolescents than children (67.6% and 1.6%) and toddlers (56.3% and 1.3%). Internal organ and soft tissue injuries were frequent in toddlers. There were no fatalities reported in the injured patients. Multivariate analysis showed adolescents, female sex, extremity injuries, and musculoskeletal injuries were associated with hospitalization. Injury at a sporting venue was not associated with hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and girls are at increased risk of trampoline injury, warranting hospitalization. Safety standards may help prevent extremity and musculoskeletal injuries in the pediatric population. Finally, use of trampolines at sporting venues does not appear to be particularly dangerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Hussein
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ahmad A Toreih
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Attia
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Majed Alrowaili
- Orthopedic Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Danielle Tatum
- Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Emad Kandil
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Juan Duchesne
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sharven Taghavi
- From the Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that trampolines can be a particular source of danger, especially in children. We sought to examine the profile of those patients with trampoline injuries. We hypothesized there would be certain injury patterns predicative of trampoline injuries. METHODS All patients submitted to Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed. Trampoline injury was determined by ICD-10 activity code. Injury patterns in the form of abbreviated injury scale body regions were examined. Patient demographics and clinical variables were compared between those with trampoline injury vs those without. RESULTS There were 107 patients with a trampoline injury. All of these patients were discharged alive and had a blunt mechanism of injury. The most common injury type was injury to the extremities (n=90,[84.1%]) with 54(50.5%) upper extremity injuries and 36(33.6%) lower extremity injuries. Ten (9.35%) patients had injury to the spine and five (4.67%) had head injury. Those with trampoline injuries were significantly younger (13y vs. 48.6y) and more likely to be white or of Hispanic ethnicity. Almost half of the patients injured (49.5%) were under 10 years. Patients with trampoline injuries had significantly lower Injury Severity Scores and significantly higher shock index. DISCUSSION The majority of patients with trampoline injuries had injury to an extremity. These results help better understand the demographic, physiologic, and anatomic patterns surrounding trampoline injuries. Current government standards recommend that no child under age six should use a full-sized trampoline; however, based of this study, we advise that this age be increased to ten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Sullivan
- 6556Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E Morgan
- 6556Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Bradburn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 209639Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Lindsey L Perea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 209639Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, USA
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Lee G, Kim DK, Park JW, Kwak YH, Jung JY. Trampoline-related injuries in children: a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2020; 7:190-196. [PMID: 33028062 PMCID: PMC7550808 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.19.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Trampoline-related injuries have increased in South Korea. However, little research has been conducted on this topic. This study aimed to show the characteristics of pediatric trampoline-related injuries in South Korea and to investigate the factors associated with admission. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from South Korea’s Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance registry for dates between January 2011 and December 2016. All patients under 18 years of age with trampoline-related injuries were included. We divided the patients into two groups based on whether they were admitted or discharged. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the factors associated with hospital admission for pediatric trampoline-related injuries. Results A total of 2,745 patients were enrolled and the incidence increased over time (P for trend<0.01). The most common injury site was the lower extremity (45%). Fracture was the most frequent diagnosis (34.3%). Compared to the discharge group, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hospital admission were 3.53 (1.73–7.17) for the teenage group, 2.62 (1.82–3.77) for upper extremity injuries, 18.48 (7.95–42.95) for fractures, 2.28 (1.35–3.86) for falls, and 2.04 (1.15–3.60) for collisions. Conclusion Trampoline-related injuries in children have increased over time in South Korea. Most occur in children under the age of 12 years, but children between the ages of 13 and 18 years are at a higher risk for hospitalization. Also, injuries of the upper extremity, fracture, falling, and collision are risk factors for admission. Preventive strategies are needed to reduce trampoline-related injuries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonmoo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Wan Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kwak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Muljadi JA, Chaijenkij K, Arirachakaran A, Kongtharvonskul J. Comparative surgical risk between type of trampoline (size and place) and type of patients (age and sex) in trampoline related injury: a systematic review and indirect meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:37. [PMID: 32647583 PMCID: PMC7336655 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite its high risk of injury, many people are still favor trampolining. However, currently there is no consensus as to which type of trampoline and which type of participant is more likely to have a trampoline related injury that will require surgical management. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess and compare the factors that cause trampoline injuries requiring surgical treatment. These include the place of the trampoline (park versus home), size of the trampoline (full versus mini), the age of the participant (child versus adult) and the sex of the participant (male versus female). The clinical outcomes measured are surgical management after trampoline injury. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results Relevant studies that reported surgery after trampoline injury of either group were identified from Medline and Scopus from inception to May 14, 2019. Sixteen studies were included for the analysis of surgery after trampoline injury; a total of 4491 and 1121 patients were treated conservatively and surgically. The total surgery rate per patient was 31% (95% CI: 16, 46%) in all patients. The surgery rate was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.58) and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.09) in the full and mini size trampoline groups. There were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.67) and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.22) in the park and home trampoline groups. The surgery rates were 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.53), 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.11), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.51) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.53) in children, adults, females and males respectively. Indirect meta-analysis shows that full size trampolines provided a 6.0 times higher risk of surgery (95% CI: 3.7, 9.7) when compared to mini size trampolines. Park trampolines had a higher risk of surgery of 2.17 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.78) when compared to home trampolines. In terms of age and sex of participants, there value was significantly higher at 1.65 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.01) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.74) in children compared to adults and females compared to males. From all the statistical data we summarized that the full size trampoline injuries have a 6 times higher risk of requiring surgery when compared to mini size trampoline injuries. Park trampoline use carries a 2 times higher risk of requiring surgery when compared to home trampoline use. In terms of age and sex of the participant, there is a 1.5 times significantly higher risk of injury in children compared to adults, and females when compared to males. Conclusion In trampoline related injuries, full size, park trampoline, children and females had higher surgery rates when compared to mini size, home trampoline, adult and male majority in indirect meta-analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kornkit Chaijenkij
- Orthopedic department, College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jatupon Kongtharvonskul
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Orthopedic department, Payathai3 Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Florido Prados B, Salmanton-Garcia J, Bullmann V, Skouras E. [Characterisation of the impact and features of trampoline park-related injuries]. SPORTVERLETZUNG-SPORTSCHADEN 2020; 34:188-196. [PMID: 32643766 DOI: 10.1055/a-1110-9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have described indoor trampoline park (ITP)-related injury patterns, but they have shown heterogeneous results. No such study has been performed in Germany to date. The aim of this study was to analyse the specific trampoline-related injury patterns found in our population. METHODS This retrospective study included patients suffering from ITP-related injuries between 1 October 2016 and 30 April 2018. 258 patients were included in the analysis. Patients were categorised depending on different variables including age, sex, site of injury, diagnosis, length of admission and treatment using SPSS. RESULTS In the 19-month study period, 258 patients with ITP-related injuries were recruited. Single ITP-related injuries were diagnosed in 250 (96.9 %) patients. The median age of this group was 22 years (IQR 15-28). 126 (50.4 %) injuries were suffered by men and 124 (49.6 %) by women. 168 (67.2 %) injuries occurred in the lower extremity. Sprains (n = 114, 45.6 %) and fractures without joint dislocation (n = 59, 23.6 %) were the most common diagnoses. Males suffered significantly more often from injuries of the upper extremity (26.2 vs. 9.7 %; p = 0.010), while females most commonly suffered from injuries of the lower extremity (79.8 vs. 54.8 %; p < 0.001). 45 (18 %) patients required hospital admission and twenty-five (10.0 %) patients required surgery. Eight (3.1 %) patients suffered from injuries in more than one anatomic location. CONCLUSIONS ITP-related injuries were more prevalent in adults compared with children. The lower limb was the most affected anatomic location in all ages. The pattern of the injuries was heterogeneous, and their respective treatment represents a major challenge for traumatology surgeons.
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Choi IC, Park JW, Jung JY, Kim DK, Kwak YH, Suh D, Lee SU. Pediatric Injuries in Kids Cafés and Risk Factors for Significant Injuries: a 6-Year Cross-Sectional Study Using a Multicenter Injury Registry in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e37. [PMID: 32056399 PMCID: PMC7025906 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A kids café is a popular indoor playground in Korea that combines a playground for young children and a café for their caregivers. There have been no national reports about kids café-related injuries in Korea. This study investigated kids café-related injuries in Korea registered in a multicenter injury surveillance database and analyzed the risk factors for significant kids café-related injuries. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed using the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance registry in Korea between 2011 and 2016. Significant injury was defined as an injury requiring hospitalization or surgery. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for factors associated with significant kids café-related injuries. RESULTS Among 1,537,617 injured patients, we extracted 891 patients who were injured in kids cafés. Of these, 46 (5.2%) were admitted, and 39 (4.4%) underwent surgery. The most common injured anatomical site, injury type, and mechanism were lower extremity (28.2%), superficial injury (27.2%), and slip (27.1%), respectively. Among injury-inducing factors, significant injuries were most commonly caused by a trampoline (28.1%), and rock climbing equipment was the only risk factor in a kids café that led to significant injury after adjusting for age, sex, injury mechanism, and injured anatomical sites (aOR, 14.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-147.72). CONCLUSION The rock climbing equipment in a kids café can cause serious injury to children. Establishing safety regulations for rock climbing equipment in kids cafés may have the greatest impact in reducing significant injuries requiring hospitalization or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Chang Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Wan Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kwak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongbum Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Uk Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Buckle fracture of the proximal tibia in children and frequency of association with trampoline and inflatable bouncer use. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:1327-1334. [PMID: 31218392 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal tibial buckle fractures are often called "trampoline fractures," but mechanisms are more varied. OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of trampoline or bouncer etiology among children with buckle fracture of the proximal tibia, characterizing demographics, alternative etiologies, and fracture patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed retrospective chart review of mechanisms, age and gender of children with radiographs interpreted as proximal tibial buckle fracture between 2010 and 2016. Two pediatric radiologists assessed presence of cortical impaction, cortical break, increased anterior scoop deformity, and oblique extension of fracture toward the physis. We studied the associations among demographics, etiology and fracture appearance using analysis of variance and chi-square/Fisher exact tests. RESULTS We identified 145 exams interpreted as proximal tibial buckle fracture (median age 34 months, 64% girls). Bouncing surface was the most common mechanism (44%), and 80% of those cases reported multiple people on the bouncing surface. Falls were the second most common mechanism (30%). Children injured while bouncing were older (median 41 months) than others (median 21 months, P<0.005) and more likely to have oblique extension of fracture toward the physis (P<0.05). Buckle deformity was associated with a younger age (F=8.67; P<0.01), while oblique extension to the physis and concurrent fibula fracture were associated with older age (F=18.62, P<0.001; and F=8.02, P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Trampoline use was the most common single mechanism of injury in children with proximal tibial fracture interpreted as buckle deformity. However, non-bouncing mechanisms were overall more common and occurred in a younger age group at risk for "toddler fractures."
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Trampoline injuries compared with other child activities. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:282-284. [PMID: 31281041 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trampolines are responsible for specific injuries. We examined the severity of these injuries in children compared with those occurring in other activities. Our primary goal was to compare the injury severity between trampolining and other activities. Our secondary goal was to evaluate risk factors for severity in order to establish preventative measures and, third, to evaluate the increased prevalence of these injuries in our hospital from 2008 to 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study was a retrospective, comparative, descriptive, and epidemiological research. Children aged 2-15 years admitted to our traumatology emergency services between June and October 2016 were included in the study. Non-sport-related injuries were excluded. Serious injuries were classified as fractures and admissions to the operating room. RESULTS In total, 1106 children were admitted including 107 trampoline accidents. The fracture rate was similar in the two groups: 34 (31.78%) vs. 309 (30.93%), OR=1.039, 95% CI [0.65, 1.62] P=0.91. Surgical treatments were more frequent in the trampoline group: 4 (3.74%) vs. 18 (1.80%) OR=2.114, 95% CI [0.51, 6.58] P=0.156. Several people jumping simultaneously on the trampoline was a risk factor (OR=1.56, 95% CI [1.0908, 2.308], P=0.018). Parental supervision was a protective factor (OR=0.271, 95% CI [0.08, 0.80], P=0.023). Trampolining accidents were 9.7 times more common in our center in 2016 compared with 2008. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, no study has compared trampoline injuries with those stemming from other activities. Awareness campaigns are needed as well as information from sellers, who have to be trained. CONCLUSION Surgical treatments are twice as likely in trampoline accidents. Prevention is simple: Children should be alone on the trampoline and supervised by an adult.
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Kim KH, Kim HS, Kang MS, Park SS. Varus shearing force is a main injury mechanism of pediatric trampoline-related injury in addition to compressive axial loading. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217863. [PMID: 31167002 PMCID: PMC6550430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many case studies have been published about trampoline-related injury (TRI); however, a comparative study could allow a more specific analysis of the characteristics of TRI, and enable more differentiated approaches to prevent such injuries. We investigated the injury mechanism of TRI in children compared with other pediatric trauma. Methods Of 35,653 children (age 0–18 years) who visited the pediatric emergency department after traumatic injuries from January 2011 to June 2017, 372 patients with TRI (TRI group) were retrospectively identified. Among the remaining 35,281 patients with other trauma (non-TRI group), 372 were 1:1 matched to the TRI group according to sex, age, injured body part, and body weight (matched-control group). The patients’ data, injured site, and injury patterns were compared between the groups. Results The most frequently injured body part was the knee/lower leg in the TRI group and the head in the non-TRI group. The most frequent injury types were fractures in the TRI group and open wounds in the non-TRI group. In the comparison between the TRI and matched-control groups, the most common lower-extremity fractures were proximal tibial fractures with varus angulation in the TRI group and tibial shaft spiral fractures in the matched-control group. For the upper extremities, the risk of lateral condylar humeral fracture was higher in the TRI group. The TRI group presented more physeal involvements. Conclusions The risks of varus stress injury (proximal tibial fracture with varus angulation in lower extremity and lateral condylar humeral fracture in upper extremity) were higher in the TRI group than in matched-control group. Thus, varus shearing force seems to be an important injury mechanism in TRI in addition to compressive force. This varus force may increase the risk of physeal injury by generating additional shear force on the physis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Seungcheol Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Soo-Sung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Trampolines hold the promise of fun and enjoyment for many children, but they are associated with a significant number of orthopedic and other injuries. Injuries vary from minor to severe, and the most common are extremity injuries. Although most injuries are associated with residential (ie, backyard) trampolines, a growing number of injuries now occur in trampoline parks. Adult supervision has not been effective for prevention. Emerging data on trampoline park-related injuries indicate that caution should be exercised in these settings as well. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(10):e385-e387.].
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14
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Bierbaum M, Lystad RP, Curtis K, Mitchell R. Incidence and severity of head injury hospitalisations in Australian children over a 10-year period. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:189-198. [PMID: 30030878 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Child head injuries can cause life-long disability and are a major cause of mortality globally. The incidence and impact of child head injuries in Australia is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the incidence, characteristics and treatment cost and to identify factors associated with the severity of hospitalisations of head injuries in Australian children. METHODS Linked hospitalisation and mortality data were used to retrospectively examine hospitalisation trends for head injury in children aged ≤16 years and associated factors, in Australia, from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012. RESULTS There were 164 126 hospitalisations of children for head injury during the 10-year period, commonly male (65.5%), or aged ≤5 years (48.3%). The incidence among children aged <1 year and 1-5 years significantly increased by 1.7% (95% CI 0.9-2.6; P < 0.0001) and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1-1.9; P < 0.0001) annually during the study period, respectively. The most common injury mechanisms across all age groups were falls (45.2%) and road trauma (16.0%). Head injury hospitalisations cost $468.9 million, with the higher costs found for children aged 11-16 years, and for the most severe injuries. CONCLUSION Head injury hospitalisations cost the Australian health system close to half a billion dollars over a 10-year period, with the most serious injuries resulting in lifelong health implications. SO WHAT?: Targeted health promotion strategies such as the promotion of helmet wearing during scooter use, the introduction of cycleways, and impact absorbing surfaces on playgrounds, need to be implemented to reduce the occurrence of head injuries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Bierbaum
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reidar P Lystad
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Curtis
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Bierbaum M, Curtis K, Mitchell R. Incidence and cost of hospitalisation of children with injuries from playground equipment falls in New South Wales, Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:556-562. [PMID: 29111619 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the epidemiological profile and cost of hospitalised injuries caused by playground equipment falls of children aged 0-14 years, in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS Linked New South Wales hospitalisation data from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2014 were used to describe the incidence of hospitalisation for playground falls, the age-standardised rate of hospitalisation per year, age group and gender, the characteristics of the injured children and the injury incident. Health outcomes, such as length of stay in hospital, and the hospital costs associated with the injuries were examined by age group. Negative binomial regression assessed the trend in hospitalisation rates over time. RESULTS There were 7795 hospitalisations of children for playground fall injuries. The highest hospitalisation rate was for the 5-9 year olds (220.7 per 100 000 population) and was higher in males than females (234.2 and 206.3 per 100 000 population, respectively). The majority of these injuries occurred in schools (17.1%) and homes (14.6%), and were as a result of falls from trampolines (34.3%) and climbing apparatuses (28.2%). Over half the playground falls led to fractures of the elbow and wrist (54.7%). The total hospital cost of playground fall-related injuries was $18 million. CONCLUSION Rates of hospitalisation of children for playground fall injuries remain high despite implementation of national playground safety standards in Australia. This research highlights where interventions should be targeted to reduce the incidence and burden of injuries following falls from playground equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Bierbaum
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Curtis
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Trampoline injuries in the world and in Turkey. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 63:275-280. [PMID: 31453466 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2017.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trampoline continues to be an activity that individuals in every age, but particularly children, enjoy to do for nearly a hundred years. However, it has some unpleasant effects due to the risk of injury. Safety rules, therefore, need to be followed during trampoline activities. Contemporarily, it is not recommended for small children and purposes other that sportive activities in Western countries. In this review, we discuss the trampoline-related injuries to increase the awareness in the society and to shape the regulations related with the trampoline use in Turkey.
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Kasmire KE, Rogers SC, Sturm JJ. Trampoline Park and Home Trampoline Injuries. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-1236. [PMID: 27482060 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Trampoline parks, indoor recreational facilities with wall-to-wall trampolines, are increasing in number and popularity. The objective was to identify trends in emergency department visits for trampoline park injuries (TPIs) and compare TPI characteristics with home trampoline injuries (HTIs). METHODS Data on trampoline injuries from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed. Sample weights were applied to estimate yearly national injury trends; unweighted cases were used for comparison of injury patterns. RESULTS Estimated US emergency department visits for TPI increased significantly, from 581 in 2010 to 6932 in 2014 (P = .045), whereas HTIs did not increase (P = .13). Patients with TPI (n = 330) were older than patients with HTI (n = 7933) (mean 13.3 vs 9.5 years, respectively, P < .001) and predominantly male. Sprains and fractures were the most common injuries at trampoline parks and homes. Compared with HTIs, TPIs were less likely to involve head injury (odds ratio [OR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.89), more likely to involve lower extremity injury (OR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.91-2.98), more likely to be a dislocation (OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.10-4.09), and more likely to warrant admission (OR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.19-2.61). TPIs necessitating hospital admission included open fractures and spinal cord injuries. TPI mechanisms included falls, contact with other jumpers, and flips. CONCLUSIONS TPI patterns differed significantly from HTIs. TPIs are an emerging concern; additional investigation and strategies are needed to prevent injury at trampoline parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kasmire
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Steven C Rogers
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jesse J Sturm
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
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Mulligan CS, Adams S, Brown J. Paediatric injury from indoor trampoline centres. Inj Prev 2016; 23:352-354. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Arora V, Kimmel LA, Yu K, Gabbe BJ, Liew SM, Kamali Moaveni A. Trampoline related injuries in adults. Injury 2016; 47:192-6. [PMID: 26391591 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trampoline-related injuries in adults are uncommon. Participation in trampolining is increasing following its admission as a sport in the Olympics and the opening of local recreational trampoline centres. The aim of this study was to assess the number and outcomes of adult trampoline-related orthopaedic injuries presenting to four trauma hospitals in Victoria. METHODS A cohort study was performed for the period 2007-2013. Adult patients registered by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR) who had sustained a trampolining related injury were included in this study. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the patient population, the injuries sustained and their in-hospital and 6-month outcomes. RESULTS There was an increase in trampolining injuries from 2007 (n=3) to 2012 (n=14) and 2013 (n=18). Overall, fifty patients with a median age of 25 (range 16-66) were identified. Thirty-five patients (70%) had lower limb injuries, 20 patients (40%) had spinal injuries and one patient had an upper limb injury. Thirty-nine patients (78%) required surgery. Fractures of the tibia (n=13), ankle fractures (n=12) and cervical spine injuries (n=7) were the most common injuries; all of which required surgery. Complications included death, spinal cord injuries, compartment syndrome and open fractures. At 6 months post injury, more than half (52%) of the patients had not achieved a good recovery, 32% had some form of persistent disability, 14% did not get back to work and overall physical health for the cohort was well below population norms for the SF-12. CONCLUSION Adult trampoline-related injuries have increased in the last few years in this cohort identified through VOTOR. Lower limb and spinal injuries are most prevalent. Public awareness and education are important to reduce the risk for people participating in this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arora
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lara A Kimmel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathy Yu
- Gymnastics Australia, Australia; The Melbourne Sports Medicine Centre, Australia
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan M Liew
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Afshin Kamali Moaveni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Ashby K, Eager D, D'Elia A, Day L. Influence of voluntary standards and design modifications on trampoline injury in Victoria, Australia. Inj Prev 2015; 21:314-9. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Biocompatibility of magnesium implants in primary human reaming debris-derived cells stem cells in vitro. J Orthop Traumatol 2015; 17:63-73. [PMID: 26153416 PMCID: PMC4805638 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-015-0364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of magnesium for resorbable metal implants is a new concept in orthopaedic and dental medicine. The majority of studies on magnesium's biocompatibility in vitro have assessed the short-term effect of magnesium extract on cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of direct exposure to magnesium alloys on the bioactivity of primary human reaming debris-derived (HRD) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure Mg, Mg2Ag, WE43 and Mg10Gd were tested for biocompatibility. The study consisted of assessment of cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content, and study of cell morphology under light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), along with determination of calcification and pH changes induced by magnesium. RESULTS The number of viable cells in the presence of Mg2Ag was high over the entire observation period. Inhibition of ALP content in osteogenic differentiating HRD was caused by pure Mg at day 14 and 28. All other magnesium alloys did not affect the ALP content. Exposure of HRD to magnesium increased the amount of lysosomes and endocytotic vesicles. Cellular attachment was generally the best for those crystals that formed on the surface of all materials. A decrease was observed in Ca(2+) in the medium from day 1 to day 14. CONCLUSIONS In terms of cell morphology, cell viability and differentiation, cell density and the effect on the surrounding pH, Mg2Ag showed the most promising results. All magnesium materials induced calcification, which is beneficial for orthopaedic and dental applications.
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Charyeva O. In Vitro Resorption of Magnesium Materials and its Effect on Surface and Surrounding Environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15406/mojt.2015.01.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gyllencreutz L, Rolfsman E, Saveman BI. Non-minor injuries among children sustained in an outdoor environment – a retrospective register study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2013; 22:3-10. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2013.833945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of injuries caused by accidents while springing on a trampoline has increased significantly. This study therefore focused on the incidence, morbidity and circumstances of the accidents in pediatric patients. METHODS The children admitted to this hospital from 2002 to 2010 were re-examined and the children injured during trampolining were asked to fill out a questionnaire focusing on the mechanism of the injury and the circumstances. RESULTS A total of 268 accidents were included in the study and 28% of the injuries were severe (e.g. fracture, luxation and rupture). If there were special safety measures (e.g. safety net, floor mats, surrounding water 63%) 28.4% of the injuries were severe and without safety measures 28.6% were severe. Safety measures did not influence the incidence of severe trauma (p=1). If a trampoline was equipped with a safety net (53%) 31% of the injuries were severe and without a safety net 25% were severe (p=0.473). CONCLUSION Pediatric accidents on a trampoline result in severe injuries in 28% of cases. There is no difference in the severity of the injury regarding trampolines with or without special safety measures. Safety nets do not reduce the risk of severe injury.
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Grapton X, Lion A, Gauchard GC, Barrault D, Perrin PP. Specific injuries induced by the practice of trampoline, tumbling and acrobatic gymnastics. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:494-9. [PMID: 22476523 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-1982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recreational and competitive practice of acrobatic sports, that is, trampoline, tumbling and acrobatic gymnastics (ACRO), is growing rapidly around the world. Many studies described the injuries affecting young artistic gymnasts, but only few concerned acrobatic sports. METHODS During a 5-year period, 357 traumatic events were collected in young acrobats practicing trampoline, tumbling or ACRO. Accident characteristics, level of expertise and training, injury location (upper limb, spine and lower limb), type of tissue injured (bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament and tendon) and provoking factors (intrinsic/behavioural and extrinsic) were investigated. RESULTS Acrobats of national and international levels were mostly injured. Injuries occurring in acrobatic sports concerned predominantly the lower limbs and concerned in this body part mainly damages to ligaments. Forearm and knee injuries were preferentially related to trampoline. Ankle injuries were preferentially related to tumbling. Wrist injuries were preferentially related to ACRO. Upper limb bone damage and upper limb tendon damage were preferentially related to trampoline and ACRO, respectively. Intrinsic/behavioural factors were the main injury determinant in the three acrobatic sports. CONCLUSIONS The main injuries in acrobatic sports (i.e. lower limbs) are similar to those observed in artistic gymnastics. Specific injuries may result from falls and incomplete and/or erroneous figure's landing and may also depend to the type of the landing surface. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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