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Tucker J, Oxford M, Ziai K, Lighthall JG. Utility of Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Facial Fractures: A Systematic Review. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2024; 26:431-436. [PMID: 38656206 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2023.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In regard to antibiotic stewardship, it is important to understand the appropriate time to prescribe antibiotics in pediatric facial fracture management. Objective: To evaluate the utility of antibiotics in pediatric facial fractures and determine situational variables influencing appropriate antibiotic prescription. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for articles published from 2000 to 2022. Inclusion criteria consisted of all studies assessing pediatric facial fractures that mentioned antibiotic use. Results: A total of 13 studies were included in the full review. The reviewed studies comprised 31 pediatric patients ranging from 6 months to 18 years old. Most studies were case reports and case series (N = 9). Antibiotics were prescribed for the majority (96.7%) of patients. Antibiotic regimens varied by timing of administration, antibiotic used, and dosage. Fracture locations also varied widely, including orbital, zygomatic, nasal, mandibular, and maxillary fractures. Conclusions: Additional studies with more substantial evidence are needed to fully understand the situational appropriateness of antibiotic use in pediatric facial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tucker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madison Oxford
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kasra Ziai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessyka G Lighthall
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Schorge V, Grossjohann R, Schönekess HC, Herbst J, Bockholdt B, Ekkernkamp A, Frank M. Modeling internal ballistics of gas combustion guns. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:737-42. [PMID: 26239103 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Potato guns are popular homemade guns which work on the principle of gas combustion. They are usually constructed for recreational rather than criminal purposes. Yet some serious injuries and fatalities due to these guns are reported. As information on the internal ballistics of homemade gas combustion-powered guns is scarce, it is the aim of this work to provide an experimental model of the internal ballistics of these devices and to investigate their basic physical parameters. A gas combustion gun was constructed with a steel tube as the main component. Gas/air mixtures of acetylene, hydrogen, and ethylene were used as propellants for discharging a 46-mm caliber test projectile. Gas pressure in the combustion chamber was captured with a piezoelectric pressure sensor. Projectile velocity was measured with a ballistic speed measurement system. The maximum gas pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, the time parameters of the pressure curve, and the velocity and path of the projectile through the barrel as a function of time were determined according to the pressure-time curve. The maximum gas pressure was measured to be between 1.4 bar (ethylene) and 4.5 bar (acetylene). The highest maximum rate of pressure rise was determined for hydrogen at (dp/dt)max = 607 bar/s. The muzzle energy was calculated to be between 67 J (ethylene) and 204 J (acetylene). To conclude, this work provides basic information on the internal ballistics of homemade gas combustion guns. The risk of injury to the operator or bystanders is high, because accidental explosions of the gun due to the high-pressure rise during combustion of the gas/air mixture may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schorge
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rico Grossjohann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger C Schönekess
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Herbst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Britta Bockholdt
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Kuhstraße 30, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Ekkernkamp
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (ukb), Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Frank
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany. .,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (ukb), Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Germany.
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