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Wickenheisser VA, Biswas S, Marks C, Geng Y, Phillips BT. Defining Predictors of Future Academic Productivity in Plastic Surgery Residency. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5358. [PMID: 37850201 PMCID: PMC10578684 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Research is a valued component of applications to plastic surgery residency. No prior studies have explored factors associated with increased resident research productivity. This study aims to compare the academic productivity levels of plastic surgery residency graduates based on their pre- and postresidency experiences. Methods Residents graduating in 2019 and 2020 were identified from integrated programs. Metrics collected included the number of publications in medical school and residency. Descriptive statistics were completed along with linear regressions to evaluate the impact of these on academic productivity. Results A total of 221 residents from the classes of 2019 and 2020 were included. Most residents completed fellowship (75.9%) although less than half went on to academic practice (42.3%). Approximately one in five residents obtained secondary degrees (17.4%). Subjects averaged 3.15 (N = 208, SD = 4.51) publications while in medical school and 8.1 publications during residency (N = 209, SD = 10.0). For h-index calculated at the end of residency, having dedicated medical school research time was the only statistically significant factor (coefficient = 2.96, P = 0.002). Conclusions Plastic surgery residents published more often as first authors and overall during residency than medical school, indicating increased research involvement and leadership. The present study builds upon prior studies by confirming the importance of dedicated medical school research time and its lasting impact. Understanding the associations of academic factors with increased research productivity in residency is relevant for both applicants and programs evaluating residency candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Wickenheisser
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, N.C
| | - Sonali Biswas
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, N.C
| | - Caitlin Marks
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, N.C
| | - Yisong Geng
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, N.C
| | - Brett T. Phillips
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, N.C
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Jacobson LA, Zhong SS, Mackinnon SE, Novak CB, Patterson JMM. Calling on Sponsorship: Analysis of Speaker Gender Representation at Hand Society Meetings. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:594-600. [PMID: 36912914 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paucity of leadership diversity in surgical specialties is well documented. Unequal opportunities for participation at scientific meetings may impact future promotions within academic infrastructures. This study evaluated gender representation of surgeon speakers at hand surgery meetings. METHODS Data were retrieved from the 2010 and 2020 meetings of the American Association for Hand Surgery (AAHS) and American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH). Programs were evaluated for invited and peer-reviewed speakers excluding keynote speakers and poster presentations. Gender was determined from publicly available sources. Bibliometric data (Hirsch index) for invited speakers were analyzed. RESULTS In 2010 at the AAHS ( n = 142) and ASSH meetings ( n = 180), female surgeons represented 4% of the invited speakers and in 2020 increased to 15% at AAHS ( n = 193) and 19% at ASSH ( n = 439). From 2010 to 2020, female surgeon invited speakers had a 3.75-fold increase at AAHS and 4.75-fold increase at ASSH. Representation of female surgeon peer-reviewed presenters at these meetings was similar (2010 AAHS, 26%; and 2010 ASSH, 22%; 2020 AAHS, 23%; 2020 ASSH, 22%). The academic rank of women speakers was significantly lower ( P < 0.001) than for male speakers. At the assistant professor level, the mean Hirsch index was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) for female invited speakers. CONCLUSIONS Although there was a significant improvement in gender diversity in invited speakers at the 2020 meetings compared with 2010, female surgeons remain underrepresented. Gender diversity is lacking at national hand surgery meetings, and continued effort and sponsorship of speaker diversity is imperative to curate an inclusive hand society experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Jacobson
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Shuting S Zhong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Susan E Mackinnon
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Christine B Novak
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto
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Seu M, Yang SD, Qiao JB, Dorafshar AH. Response Regarding: An Alternative Metric to Address Limitations of the H-Index. J Surg Res 2022; 278:446-447. [PMID: 35589412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Seu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Daniel Yang
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - James B Qiao
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Seu MY, Yang SD, Qiao JB, Hansdorfer MA, Graham S, Wiegmann A, Esmaeeli S, Dorafshar AH. The Association Between H-Index and Publication of Plastic Surgery Meeting Presenters From 2014 to 2017. J Surg Res 2022; 272:125-131. [PMID: 34968785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastic surgery is a competitive specialty that values research productivity among members of the field. The Hirsch index has been shown to measure a researcher's scientific impact. This study sought to determine whether an association exists between H-indices and the probability of and speed to publication. METHODS Using Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Plastic Surgery the Meeting (PSTM) website, first author (FAHi) and senior author (SAHi) H-indices (n = 1048) from Plastic Surgery the Meeting (PSTM) abstracts from 2014 to 2017 were collected. Whether or not an abstract was ultimately published in a peer-reviewed journal was noted. If published, number of days between PSTM presentation and publication date were recorded. Logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In total, 592 out of 1048 total abstracts were published as manuscripts. FAHi and SAHi had significant positive correlations with odds of publication. Both FAHi and SAHi showed positive correlation with the odds of abstract publication (P < 0.001 and P = 0.033). Impact of FAHi on likelihood of publication was greater than that of SAHi. The correlation between FAHi and SAHi with the number of days until abstract publication was not significant (P = 0.333 and P = 0.856). For abstracts published before the PSTM presentation date (15.9% of published), only FAHi (P = 0.008) showed positive correlation of publication before presentation. CONCLUSIONS The Hirsch index provides an objective method for evaluating the probability that an abstract will lead to manuscript publication, in addition to its traditional application in gauging the impact of research. The findings of this study support that both FAHi and SAHi have a positive, direct correlation with the probability of publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Seu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Daniel Yang
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - James B Qiao
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Marek A Hansdorfer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shelby Graham
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron Wiegmann
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shooka Esmaeeli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Shah Mardan QNM, Mrad MA, Alhumsi TR, Almarghoub MA, Alsavaf MB, Alsaghier RM, Kattan AE. Assessment of the Academic Productivity of Plastic Surgeons in Saudi Arabia Using the h-index. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3439. [PMID: 33680683 PMCID: PMC7929539 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hirsch-index (or h-index) is a bibliometric measure calculated for researchers based on number of publications and their citations. This study examined the h-index of board-certified plastic surgeons in Saudi Arabia and the different factors that may influence it. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, an electronic questionnaire was sent to 156 board-certified plastic surgeons practicing in Saudi Arabia. Using their names, we conducted an online search on Scopus, Semantic scholar, and Google scholar to calculate their h-index. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of those factors with the index. RESULTS A total of 84 surgeons participated in this study, of whom 83.3% were men. Our sample scored a mean index of 1.7 and published a mean of 5 articles. More publications and a higher academic rank predicted a higher h-index, (β = 0.79, P < 0.001) and (β = 0.14, P 0.017), respectively. On the other end of the spectrum, the country of residency training (P 0.33), the year of training completion (P 0.95), attaining fellowship training (P 0.95), the number of fellowships (P 0.20), interest in research (P 0.74), working in an academic hospital (P 0.44), or attaining a higher degree (P 0.61) were not significant independent predictors of the index. CONCLUSIONS More publications and a higher rank predicted increased academic productivity among the plastic surgeons in Saudi Arabia. Despite its limitations, h-index is a useful measure that can be considered in promotions and applications to prestigious plastic surgery centers in adjunct to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutaiba N. M. Shah Mardan
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Amir Mrad
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed R. Alhumsi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Almarghoub
- Plastic Surgery Division, King Abdullah Bin Abdukaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruah M. Alsaghier
- College of Applied Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdullah E. Kattan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ngaage LM, Elegbede A, McGlone KL, Knighton BJ, Landford W, Nam AJ, Lifchez SD, Slezak S, Rasko Y. Trends in the research profile of matched independent plastic surgery fellows. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23540. [PMID: 33466120 PMCID: PMC7808458 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The independent plastic surgery pathway recruits candidates with 5 years of surgical training who are typically more advanced in research than their integrated counterparts. Research productivity helps to discriminate between applicants. However, no studies exist detailing the academic attributes of matched independent plastic surgery candidates.We performed a cohort study of 161 independent plastic surgery fellows from accredited residency programs from the 2015 to 2017 application cycles. We performed a bibliometric analysis utilizing Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify research output measures at the time of application.The cohort was predominantly men (66%) with a median of 3 articles and a H-index of 1 at the time of application. Interestingly, 16% of successful candidates had no published articles at the time of application, and this did not change significantly over time (P = .0740). Although the H-index remained stable (R 0.13, P = .1095), the number of published journal articles per candidate significantly decreased over 3 consecutive application cycles (R -0.16, P = .0484). Analysis of article types demonstrated a significant increase in basic science articles (R 0.18, P = .0366) and a concurrent decrease in editorial-type publications (R = -0.18, P = .0374).Despite the decline in publication volume of matched independent plastic surgery fellows, the quality of their research portfolio has remained constant. Matched applicants appear to be shifting focus from faster-to-publish articles to longer but higher impact projects. In selecting a training route, applicants must weigh the highly competitive integrated path against the dwindling number of independent positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledibabari M. Ngaage
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Adekunle Elegbede
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
| | | | | | - Wilmina Landford
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Arthur J. Nam
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scott D. Lifchez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Sheri Slezak
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Yvonne Rasko
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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The Glass Ceiling in Plastic Surgery: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the Gender Gap in Career Advancement. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:690-697. [PMID: 32842118 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender parity remains elusive in academic plastic surgery. It is unknown whether this disparity is attributable to differences in qualifications or to the glass ceiling of gender bias. To parse this, the authors compared academic titles and departmental leadership of female academic plastic surgeons to a matched group of their male counterparts. METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of academic plastic surgeons. The authors identified faculty, sex, academic rank, and leadership positions from plastic surgery residency program websites. The authors then collected details on training institution, advanced degrees, years in practice, and h-index for use as independent variables. The authors performed a propensity score analysis to 1:1 match male and female academic plastic surgeons. RESULTS A total of 818 academic plastic surgeons were included. The cohort was predominately male [n = 658 (81 percent)], with a median 12 years in practice and a median h-index of 9. Before matching, men had more years in practice (13 years versus 9 years; p < 0.0001), a greater h-index (11 versus 5; p < 0.0001), were more likely to be professors (34 percent versus 13 percent; p < 0.0001), and held more leadership positions than women (41 percent versus 30 percent; p = 0.0221). Following matching, gender parity was demonstrated in academic rank and departmental leadership. CONCLUSIONS Differences in training, qualifications, career length, and academic productivity may account for the leadership gap in academic plastic surgery. Gendered difficulties in reaching qualification benchmarks must be addressed before gender parity in promotion can be achieved.
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Integrated Plastic Surgery Match: Trends in Research Productivity of Successful Candidates. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:193-201. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in scientific meetings yields multiple benefits, yet participation opportunities may not be equally afforded to men and women. The authors' primary goal was to evaluate the representation of men and women at five major academic plastic surgery meetings in 2017. Secondarily, the authors used bibliometric data to compare academic productivity between male and female physician invited speakers or moderators. METHODS The authors compiled information regarding male and female invited speakers from meeting programs. Bibliometric data (h-index, m-value) and metrics of academic productivity (numbers of career publications, publications in 2015 to 2016, career peer-reviewed publications, first and senior author publications) for invited speakers were extracted from Scopus and analyzed. RESULTS There were 282 academic physician invited speakers at the five 2017 meetings. Women constituted 14.5 percent. Univariate analysis showed no differences in h-index, m-value, or numbers of total career publications or first and last author publications at the assistant and associate professor ranks, but higher values for men at the professor level. A model of academic rank based on bibliometric and demographic variables showed male gender significantly associated with increased probability of holding a professor title, even when controlling for academic achievement markers (OR, 2.17; 95 percent CI, 1.61 to 2.92). CONCLUSIONS Although the impact of women's published work was no different than that of men among junior and midcareer faculty, women constitute a minority of invited speakers at academic plastic surgery meetings. Sponsorship is imperative for achieving gender balance within plastic surgery and to ultimately create more diverse and effective teams to improve patient care.
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