The Challenges of Upper Extremity Intramuscular Hemangioma: a Case Study and Systematic Review

Management of a rapidly enlarging supraclavicular mass of unknown aetiology

Intramuscular haemangiomas are benign tumours showing an extremely rare occurrence and making up less than 1% of all haemangiomas. The goal of this case report is to share our experience in treating a patient with an extremely rare intramuscular haemangioma, which occurred in the supraclavicular region VB level of the neck and extended towards the infraclavicular space, localised within and inferior to the trapezius muscle. The lesion was diagnosed by using multimodal imaging and a wide excision was performed with intraoperative feeding vessel ligation and a good postoperative result. The main difficulties regarding diagnosis and treatment include a lack of evidence-based guidelines, due to limited publications on this topic, the nature of the lesion frequently showing obscure anatomic localisation deep within muscles and unclear delineation, various anatomic origin requiring an individual treatment approach, inconclusive radiologic signs as well as non-specific symptoms.