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Berger R, Ribas Filho JM, Souza MAD, Paula PHD, Doubek JGC, Pires RDCES, Nassif PAN, Silva EN. TGF-β1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370201. [PMID: 35475808 PMCID: PMC9020789 DOI: 10.1590/acb370201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. METHODS Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. RESULTS No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.
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Arnaout A, Zhang J, Frank S, Momtazi M, Cordeiro E, Roberts A, Ghumman A, Fergusson D, Stober C, Pond G, Jeong A, Vandermeer L, Hutton B, Clemons M. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Alloderm-RTU with DermACELL in Immediate Subpectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:184-195. [PMID: 33704185 PMCID: PMC7816190 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of different acellular dermal matrices (ADM) used for implant-based reconstruction immediately following mastectomy is an important clinical question. A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the superiority of DermACELL over Alloderm-RTU in reducing drain duration. Methods: Patients undergoing mastectomy with subpectoral immediate and permanent implant-based breast reconstruction were randomized to Alloderm-RTU or DermACELL. The primary outcome was seroma formation, measured by the duration of postoperative drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: post drain removal seroma aspiration, infection, redbreast syndrome, wound dehiscence, loss of the implant, and unplanned return to the operating room. Results: 62 patients were randomized for 81 mastectomies (41 Alloderm-RTU, 40 DermACELL). Baseline characteristics were similar. There was no statistically significant difference in mean drain duration (p = 0.16), with a trend towards longer duration in the Alloderm-RTU group (1.6 days; 95%CI, 0.7 to 3.9). The overall rate of minor and major complications were statistically similar between the two groups; although patients with Alloderm-RTU had 3 times as many infections requiring antibiotics (7.9% vs. 2.5%) with a risk difference of 5.4 (95%CI −4.5 to 15.2), and twice as many unplanned returns to the operating room (15.8% vs. 7.5%) with a risk difference of 8.3 (95% CI −5.9 to 22.5) as DermACELL. Conclusion: This is the first prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the two most commonly used human-derived ADMs. There was no statistically significant difference in drain duration, minor, or major complications between DermACELL over Alloderm-RTU in immediate subpectoral permanent implant-based breast reconstruction post-mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Arnaout
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Simon Frank
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Moein Momtazi
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Erin Cordeiro
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Ammara Ghumman
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (S.F.); (M.M.); (E.C.); (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Dean Fergusson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Carol Stober
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
| | - Gregory Pond
- Juravinski Cancer Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Ahwon Jeong
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
| | - Lisa Vandermeer
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Mark Clemons
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (D.F.); (C.S.); (A.J.); (L.V.); (B.H.)
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7700 (ext. 70170)
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Stein MJ, Arnaout A, Lichtenstein JB, Frank SG, Cordeiro E, Roberts A, Ghaedi B, Zhang J. A comparison of patient-reported outcomes between Alloderm and Dermacell in immediate alloplastic breast reconstruction: A randomized control trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:41-47. [PMID: 32893151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alloderm and Dermacell are the two leading human acellular dermal matrices (ADM) in immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Despite differences in sterility, consistency, thickness and cost, there are no comparative trials to date to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) between the two products. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in patient-reported outcomes (as measured by the BREAST-Q) between patients reconstructed with Alloderm and Dermacell. METHODS A single center, open-label, randomized control trial of patients undergoing IBR with an implant for breast cancer or breast cancer prophylaxis was performed. Patients were randomized to either Alloderm or Dermacell. Baseline demographic data were compared, and linear mixed models were used to identify associations with BREAST-Q over time. RESULTS Between June 2016 and October 2018, 62 patients were randomized into two groups, 31(50%) Alloderm and 31(50%) Dermacell. Of these, 23(74%) patients in the Alloderm group and 27(87%) patients of the Dermacell group filled out BREAST-Q questionnaires. Baseline BREAST-Q scores with respect to satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical well-being were similar between groups (p>0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the Alloderm group had a statistically significant improvement with respect to satisfaction with breasts (67 vs 53, p = 0.03), satisfaction with overall results (85 vs 61, p = 0.003), satisfaction with the surgeon (89 vs 67, p = 0.01), and satisfaction with information provided (74 vs 59, p = 0.02). At 12 months postoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences in PROM between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION We report the first randomized controlled trial to date comparing patient-reported outcomes of the two most commonly used ADMs in IBR in Canada. Although a short-term analysis favors the use of Alloderm, there does not appear to be any difference in outcomes between the two products in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Stein
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Angel Arnaout
- Division of General Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julia B Lichtenstein
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Simon G Frank
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erin Cordeiro
- Division of General Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Division of General Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Cuomo R. Submuscular and Pre-Pectoral ADM Assisted Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E256. [PMID: 32466619 PMCID: PMC7353845 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Breast cancer treatment has deeply changed in the last fifty years. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) were introduced for breast reconstruction, with encouraging results, but with conflicting reports too. The present paper aims to summarize the current data on breast reconstruction using acellular dermal matrices. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literature regarding the use of ADM-assisted implant-based breast reconstruction. Results: The main techniques were analyzed and described. Conclusions: Several authors have recently reported positive results. Nevertheless, an increased complications' rate has been reported by other authors. Higher cost compared to not-ADM-assisted breast reconstruction is another concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cuomo
- Santa Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Mario Bracci Street, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Rigotti G, Chirumbolo S, Cicala F, Parnigotto PP, Nicolato E, Calderan L, Conti G, Sbarbati A. Negative Pressure From an Internal Spiral Tissue Expander Generates New Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in an In Vivo Animal Model. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:448-459. [PMID: 31504155 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue expanders are widely utilized in plastic surgery. Traditional expanders usually are "inflatable balloons," which are planned to grow additional skin and/or to create space to be filled, for example, with an implant. In very recent years, reports suggest that negative pressure created by an external device (ie, Brava) induces both skin expansion and adipogenesis. OBJECTIVES The authors evaluated and assessed the adipogenetic potential of a novel internal tissue expander in an in vivo animal model. METHODS New Zealand female rabbits were enrolled in the study. A prototype spiral inner tissue expander was employed. It consisted of a-dynamic conic expander (DCE) with a valve at the end: when empty, it is flat (Archimedean spiral), whereas when filled with a fluid, it takes a conic shape. Inside the conic spiral, a negative pressure is therefore created. DCE is implanted flat under the latissimus dorsi muscle in experimental animals (rabbit) and then filled to reach the conical shape. Animals were investigated with magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and transmission electronic microscopy at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a marked increase in newly formed adipose tissue, reaching its highest amount at 12 months after the DCE implantation. Histology confirmed the existence of new adipocytes, whereas transmission electronic microscopy ultrastructure confirmed that most of these new cells were mature adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Tensile stress, associated with negative-pressure expanders, generated newly white subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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A comparative study between sterile freeze-dried and sterile pre-hydrated acellular dermal matrix in tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg 2019; 46:204-213. [PMID: 31113183 PMCID: PMC6536871 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2018.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In implant-based breast reconstruction, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is essential for supporting the inferolateral pole. Recent studies have compared non-sterilized freeze-dried ADM and sterilized pre-hydrated ADM, but have not assessed whether differences were attributable to factors related to sterile processing or packaging. This study was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes of breast reconstruction using two types of sterile-processed ADMs. METHODS Through a retrospective chart review, we analyzed 77 consecutive patients (85 breasts) who underwent tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction with either freezedried ADM (35 breasts) or pre-hydrated ADM (50 breasts) from March 2016 to February 2018. Demographic variables, postoperative outcomes, and operative parameters were compared between freeze-dried and pre-hydrated ADM. Biopsy specimens were obtained for histologic analysis. RESULTS We obtained results after adjusting for variables found to be significant in univariate analyses. The total complication rate for freeze-dried and pre-hydrated ADMs was 25.7% and 22.0%, respectively. Skin necrosis was significantly more frequent in the freeze-dried group than in the pre-hydrated group (8.6% vs. 4.0%, P=0.038). All other complications and operative parameters showed no significant differences. In the histologic analysis, collagen density, inflammation, and vascularity were higher in the pre-hydrated ADM group (P=0.042, P=0.006, P=0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There are limited data comparing the outcomes of tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction using two types of sterile-processed ADMs. In this study, we found that using pre-hydrated ADM resulted in less skin necrosis and better integration into host tissue. Pre-hydrated ADM may therefore be preferable to freeze-dried ADM in terms of convenience and safety.
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