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Caetano DG, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Villela LM, Côrtes FH, Cardoso SW, Hoagland B, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, De-Simone SG, Guimarães ML. Patterns of Diversity and Humoral Immunogenicity for HIV-1 Antisense Protein (ASP). Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:771. [PMID: 39066409 PMCID: PMC11281420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 has an antisense gene overlapping env that encodes the ASP protein. ASP functions are still unknown, but it has been associated with gp120 in the viral envelope and membrane of infected cells, making it a potential target for immune response. Despite this, immune response patterns against ASP are poorly described and can be influenced by the high genetic variability of the env gene. To explore this, we analyzed 100k HIV-1 ASP sequences from the Los Alamos HIV sequence database using phylogenetic, Shannon entropy (Hs), and logo tools to study ASP variability in worldwide and Brazilian sequences from the most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes in Brazil (B, C, and F1). Data obtained in silico guided the design and synthesis of 15-mer overlapping peptides through spot synthesis on cellulose membranes. Peptide arrays were screened to assess IgG and IgM responses in pooled plasma samples from HIV controllers and individuals with acute or recent HIV infection. Excluding regions with low alignment accuracy, several sites with higher variability (Hs > 1.5) were identified among the datasets (25 for worldwide sequences, 20 for Brazilian sequences). Among sites with Hs < 1.5, sequence logos allowed the identification of 23 other sites with subtype-specific signatures. Altogether, amino acid variations with frequencies > 20% in the 48 variable sites identified were included in 92 peptides, divided into 15 sets, representing near full-length ASP. During the immune screening, the strongest responses were observed in three sets, one in the middle and one at the C-terminus of the protein. While some sets presented variations potentially associated with epitope displacement between IgG and IgM targets and subtype-specific signatures appeared to impact the level of response for some peptides, signals of cross-reactivity were observed for some sets despite the presence of B/C/F1 signatures. Our data provides a map of ASP regions preferentially targeted by IgG and IgM responses. Despite B/C/F1 subtype signatures in ASP, the amino acid variation in some areas preferentially targeted by IgM and IgG did not negatively impact the response against regions with higher immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gama Caetano
- AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil (M.L.G.)
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Larissa Melo Villela
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
- AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil (M.L.G.)
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Brenda Hoagland
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Valdilea Gonçalves Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
| | - Monick Lindenmeyer Guimarães
- AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil (M.L.G.)
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Li SY, Yin LB, Ding HB, Liu M, Lv JN, Li JQ, Wang J, Tang T, Fu YJ, Jiang YJ, Zhang ZN, Shang H. Altered lipid metabolites accelerate early dysfunction of T cells in HIV-infected rapid progressors by impairing mitochondrial function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106881. [PMID: 36875092 PMCID: PMC9981933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex mechanism of immune-system damage in HIV infection is incompletely understood. HIV-infected "rapid progressors" (RPs) have severe damage to the immune system early in HIV infection, which provides a "magnified" opportunity to study the interaction between HIV and the immune system. In this study, forty-four early HIV-infected patients (documented HIV acquisition within the previous 6 months) were enrolled. By study the plasma of 23 RPs (CD4+ T-cell count < 350 cells/µl within 1 year of infection) and 21 "normal progressors" (NPs; CD4+ T-cell count > 500 cells/μl after 1 year of infection), eleven lipid metabolites were identified that could distinguish most of the RPs from NPs using an unsupervised clustering method. Among them, the long chain fatty acid eicosenoate significantly inhibited the proliferation and secretion of cytokines and induced TIM-3 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Eicosenoate also increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and mitochondrial mass in T cells, indicating impairment in mitochondrial function. In addition, we found that eicosenoate induced p53 expression in T cells, and inhibition of p53 effectively decreased mitochondrial ROS in T cells. More importantly, treatment of T cells with the mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant mito-TEMPO restored eicosenoate-induced T-cell functional impairment. These data suggest that the lipid metabolite eicosenoate inhibits immune T-cell function by increasing mitochondrial ROS by inducing p53 transcription. Our results provide a new mechanism of metabolite regulation of effector T-cell function and provides a potential therapeutic target for restoring T-cell function during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yao Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin-Bo Yin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Hai-Bo Ding
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Nan Lv
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Jing Fu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
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3
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Benet S, Blanch-Lombarte O, Ainsua-Enrich E, Pedreño-Lopez N, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Raïch-Regué D, Perez-Zsolt D, Peña R, Jiménez E, de la Concepción MLR, Ávila C, Cedeño S, Escribà T, Romero-Martín L, Alarcón-Soto Y, Rodriguez-Lozano GF, Miranda C, González S, Bailón L, Blanco J, Massanella M, Brander C, Clotet B, Paredes R, Esteve M, Izquierdo- Useros N, Carrillo J, Prado JG, Moltó J, Mothe B. Limited Humoral and Specific T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in PWH With Poor Immune Reconstitution. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1913-1923. [PMID: 36200261 PMCID: PMC9619620 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) who had CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL (HIV<200 group). METHODS This prospective cohort study included 58 PWH in the HIV<200 group, 36 with CD4+ T-cell counts >500/µL (HIV>500 group), and 33 HIV-1-negative controls (control group). Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S immunoglobulin [Ig] G) and the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD IgG) were quantified before and 4 weeks after the first and the second doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (at week 8). Viral neutralization activity and T-cell responses were also determined. RESULTS At week 8, anti-S/anti-RBD IgG responses increased in all groups (P < .001). Median (interquartile range) anti-S and anti-RBD IgG levels at week 8 were 153.6 (26.4-654.9) and 171.9 (61.8-425.8) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL, respectively, in the HIV<200 group, compared with 245.6 (145-824) and 555.8 (166.4-1751) BAU/mL in the HIV>500 group and 274.7 (193.7-680.4) and 281.6 (181-831.8) BAU/mL in controls (P < .05). Neutralizing capacity and specific T-cell immune responses were absent or reduced in 33% of those in the HIV<200 group, compared with 3.7% in the HIV>500 group (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS One-third of PWH with CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL show low anti-S/anti-RBD IgG levels, reduced in vitro neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2, and no vaccine-induced T cells after receiving coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Benet
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Erola Ainsua-Enrich
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Pedreño-Lopez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ruth Peña
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ávila
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Samandhy Cedeño
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Tuixent Escribà
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Luis Romero-Martín
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Yovaninna Alarcón-Soto
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Miranda
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sandra González
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lucía Bailón
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous UniversityBarcelona. Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Massanella
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Esteve
- Preventive Medicine Service. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous UniversityBarcelona. Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo- Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Moltó
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Moyano A, Blanch-Lombarte O, Tarancon-Diez L, Pedreño-Lopez N, Arenas M, Alvaro T, Casado C, Olivares I, Vera M, Rodriguez C, Del Romero J, López-Galíndez C, Ruiz-Mateos E, Prado JG, Pernas M. Immunoescape of HIV-1 in Env-EL9 CD8 + T cell response restricted by HLA-B*14:02 in a Non progressor who lost twenty-seven years of HIV-1 control. Retrovirology 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35346235 PMCID: PMC8962528 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNPs) are untreated Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals able to control disease progression for prolonged periods. However, the LTNPs status is temporary, as viral load increases followed by decreases in CD4 + T-cell counts. Control of HIV-1 infection in LTNPs viremic controllers, have been associated with effective immunodominant HIV-1 Gag-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by protective HLA-B alleles. Individuals carrying HLA-B*14:02 control HIV-1 infection is related to an immunodominant Env-CD8 + T-cell response. Limited data are available on the contribution of HLA-B*14:02 CD8 + T -cells in LTNPs. Results In this study, we performed a virological and immunological detailed analysis of an HLA-B*14:02 LNTP individual that lost viral control (LVC) 27 years after HIV-1 diagnosis. We analysed viral evolution and immune escape in HLA-B*14:02 restricted CD8 + T -cell epitopes and identified viral evolution at the Env-EL9 epitope selecting the L592R mutation. By IFN-γ ELISpot and immune phenotype, we characterized HLA- B*14:02 HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses targeting, Gag-DA9 and Env-EL9 epitopes before and after LVC. We observed an immunodominant response against the Env-EL9 epitope and a decreased of the CD8 T + cell response over time with LVC. Loss of Env-EL9 responses was concomitant with selecting K588R + L592R mutations at Env-EL9. Finally, we evaluated the impact of Env-EL9 escape mutations on HIV-1 infectivity and Env protein structure. The K588R + L592R escape variant was directly related to HIV-1 increase replicative capacity and stability of Env at the LVC. Conclusions These findings support the contribution of immunodominant Env-EL9 CD8 + T-cell responses and the imposition of immune escape variants with higher replicative capacity associated with LVC in this LNTP. These data highlight the importance of Env-EL9 specific-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by the HLA-B*14:02 and brings new insights into understanding long-term HIV-1 control mediated by Env mediated CD8 + T-cell responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-022-00591-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moyano
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain.,Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Crta Canyet SN, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, Immunology Section, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Pedreño-Lopez
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain.,IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Crta Canyet SN, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Arenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,CINBIO, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tamara Alvaro
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Casado
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Olivares
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Vera
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Del Romero
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio López-Galíndez
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Crta Canyet SN, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain. .,Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - María Pernas
- Virología Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Viral and Cellular factors leading to the Loss of CD4 Homeostasis in HIV-1 Viremic Nonprogressors. J Virol 2021; 96:e0149921. [PMID: 34668779 PMCID: PMC8754213 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01499-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremic nonprogressors (VNPs) represent a very rare HIV-1 extreme phenotype. VNPs are characterized by persistent high plasma viremia and maintenance of CD4+ T-cell counts in the absence of treatment. However, the causes of nonpathogenic HIV-1 infection in VNPs remain elusive. Here, we identified for the first time two VNPs who experienced the loss of CD4+ homeostasis (LoH) after more than 13 years. We characterized in deep detail viral and host factors associated with the LoH and compared with standard VNPs and healthy controls. The viral factors determined included HIV-1 coreceptor usage and replicative capacity. Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, maturational phenotype, and expression of CCR5 and CXCR6 in CD4+ T-cells were also evaluated as host-related factors. Consistently, we determined a switch in HIV-1 coreceptor use to CXCR4 concomitant with an increase in replicative capacity at the LoH for the two VNPs. Moreover, we delineated an increase in the frequency of HLA-DR+CD38+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and traced the augment of naive T-cells upon polyclonal activation with LoH. Remarkably, very low and stable levels of CCR5 and CXCR6 expression in CD4+ T-cells were measured over time. Overall, our results demonstrated HIV-1 evolution toward highly pathogenic CXCR4 strains in the context of very limited and stable expression of CCR5 and CXCR6 in CD4+ T cells as potential drivers of LoH in VNPs. These data bring novel insights into the correlates of nonpathogenic HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE The mechanism behind nonpathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains poorly understood, mainly because of the very low frequency of viremic nonprogressors (VNPs). Here, we report two cases of VNPs who experienced the loss of CD4+ T-cell homeostasis (LoH) after more than 13 years of HIV-1 infection. The deep characterization of viral and host factors supports the contribution of viral and host factors to the LoH in VNPs. Thus, HIV-1 evolution toward highly replicative CXCR4 strains together with changes in T-cell activation and maturational phenotypes were found. Moreover, we measured very low and stable levels of CCR5 and CXCR6 in CD4+ T-cells over time. These findings support viral evolution toward X4 strains limited by coreceptor expression to control HIV-1 pathogenesis and demonstrate the potential of host-dependent factors, yet to be fully elucidated in VNPs, to control HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Clinical and evolutionary consequences of HIV adaptation to HLA: implications for vaccine and cure. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2020; 14:194-204. [PMID: 30925534 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of HIV adaptation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated immune pressures and its relevance to HIV prevention and cure research. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has confirmed that HLA is a major driver of individual and population-level HIV evolution, that HIV strains are adapting to the immunogenetic profiles of the different human ethnic groups in which they circulate, and that HIV adaptation has substantial clinical and immunologic consequences. As such, adaptation represents a major challenge to HIV prevention and cure. At the same time, there are opportunities: Studies of HIV adaptation are revealing why certain HLA alleles are protective in some populations and not others; they are identifying immunogenic viral epitopes that harbor high mutational barriers to escape, and they may help illuminate novel, vaccine-relevant HIV epitopes in regions where circulating adaptation is extensive. Elucidation of HLA-driven adapted and nonadapted viral forms in different human populations and HIV subtypes also renders 'personalized' immunogen selection, as a component of HIV cure strategies, conceptually feasible. SUMMARY Though adaptation represents a major challenge to HIV prevention and cure, achieving an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon can help move the design of such strategies forward.
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Sánchez-Martínez D, Baroni ML, Gutierrez-Agüera F, Roca-Ho H, Blanch-Lombarte O, González-García S, Torrebadell M, Junca J, Ramírez-Orellana M, Velasco-Hernández T, Bueno C, Fuster JL, Prado JG, Calvo J, Uzan B, Cools J, Camos M, Pflumio F, Toribio ML, Menéndez P. Fratricide-resistant CD1a-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of cortical T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2019; 133:2291-2304. [PMID: 30796021 PMCID: PMC6554538 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-882944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a dismal outcome, and no effective targeted immunotherapies for T-ALL exist. The extension of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CARTs) to T-ALL remains challenging because the shared expression of target antigens between CARTs and T-ALL blasts leads to CART fratricide. CD1a is exclusively expressed in cortical T-ALL (coT-ALL), a major subset of T-ALL, and retained at relapse. This article reports that the expression of CD1a is mainly restricted to developing cortical thymocytes, and neither CD34+ progenitors nor T cells express CD1a during ontogeny, confining the risk of on-target/off-tumor toxicity. We thus developed and preclinically validated a CD1a-specific CAR with robust and specific cytotoxicity in vitro and antileukemic activity in vivo in xenograft models of coT-ALL, using both cell lines and coT-ALL patient-derived primary blasts. CD1a-CARTs are fratricide resistant, persist long term in vivo (retaining antileukemic activity in re-challenge experiments), and respond to viral antigens. Our data support the therapeutic and safe use of fratricide-resistant CD1a-CARTs for relapsed/refractory coT-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sánchez-Martínez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matteo L Baroni
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutierrez-Agüera
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heleia Roca-Ho
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Torrebadell
- Haematology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Junca
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talía Velasco-Hernández
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Fuster
- Sección de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julien Calvo
- Univerité Paris Diderot and Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 967, INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benjamin Uzan
- Univerité Paris Diderot and Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 967, INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jan Cools
- KU Center for Human Genetics and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mireia Camos
- Haematology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- Univerité Paris Diderot and Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 967, INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red-Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; and
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Pan Y, Zhang ZN, Yin LB, Fu YJ, Jiang YJ, Shang H. Reduced eIF3d accelerates HIV disease progression by attenuating CD8+ T cell function. J Transl Med 2019; 17:167. [PMID: 31118081 PMCID: PMC6530059 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 10–15% of individuals exhibit a rapid decline in CD4+ T cells and become rapid progressors (RPs). Overall, understanding the factors affecting rapid disease progression in early HIV infection (EHI) can aid in treatment initiation. Recent studies show that eIF3s, classic scaffold proteins during the translation initiation process, can directly promote or inhibit the translation of mRNA, therefore participating in the regulation of cell function. However, to our knowledge, it has not been addressed whether eIF3s are involved in the diverse prognosis of HIV infection. Methods Expression of eIF3s in primary cells from early or chronic HIV-infected patients was detected by real-time PCR. To investigate the potential mechanisms of eIF3d in the regulation of CD8+ T cell function, complete transcriptomes of eIF3d-inhibited Jurkat T cells were sequenced by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Additionally, to examine the effect of eIF3d on CD8+ T cell function, eIF3d expression was inhibited alone or in combination with SOCS-7 knockdown by siRNA in isolated CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cell proliferation, IFN-r secretion and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, the effect of eIF3d on HIV replication was evaluated in Jurkat cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4+ T cells with eIF3d knockdown using a pNL4-3 pseudotyped virus. Results At approximately 100 days of infection, only eIF3d was markedly decreased in RPs compared with chronic progressors (CPs). Expression of eIF3d correlated significantly with disease progression in EHI. Based on in vitro analyses, reduced eIF3d expression led to decreased proliferation and IFN-γ secretion and increased apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. Inhibited expression of eIF3d caused enhanced expression of SOCS-7, and inhibiting SOCS-7 expression by siRNA rescued the attenuated CD8+ T cell function caused by eIF3d. Finally, when eIF3d was inhibited in Jurkat cells, PBMCs and CD4+ T cells, pNL4-3-VSV-G virus replication was enhanced. Conclusions The current data highlight the importance of eIF3d in HIV infection by inhibiting CD8+ T cell function and promoting viral replication. Our study provides potential targets for improved immune intervention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1925-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, He ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qing Chun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, He ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qing Chun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin-Bo Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, He ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qing Chun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ya-Jing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, He ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qing Chun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, He ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qing Chun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No 155, Nanjing North Street, He ping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qing Chun Street, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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9
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Caetano DG, Côrtes FH, Bello G, Teixeira SLM, Hoagland B, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Guimarães ML, Morgado MG. Next-generation sequencing analyses of the emergence and maintenance of mutations in CTL epitopes in HIV controllers with differential viremia control. Retrovirology 2018; 15:62. [PMID: 30201008 PMCID: PMC6131818 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the low level of viral replication in HIV controllers (HICs), studies have reported viral mutations related to escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in HIV-1 plasma sequences. Thus, evaluating the dynamics of the emergence of CTL-escape mutants in HICs reservoirs is important for understanding viremia control. To analyze the HIV-1 mutational profile and dynamics of CTL-escape mutants in HICs, we selected 11 long-term non-progressor individuals and divided them into the following groups: (1) viremic controllers (VCs; n = 5) and (2) elite controllers (ECs; n = 6). For each individual, we used HIV-1 proviral DNA from PBMCs related to earliest (VE) and latest (VL) visits to obtain gag and nef sequences using the Illumina HiSeq system. The consensus of each mapped gene was used to assess viral divergence, and next-generation sequencing data were employed to identify SNPs and variations within and flanking CTL epitopes. Results Divergence analysis showed higher values for nef compared to gag among the HICs. EC and VC groups showed similar divergence rates for both genes. Analysis of the number of SNPs showed that VCs present more variability in both genes. Synonymous/non-synonymous mutation ratios were < 1 for gag among ECs and for nef among ECs and VCs, exhibiting a predominance of non-synonymous mutations. Such mutations were observed in regions encoding CTL-restricted epitopes in all individuals. All ECs presented non-synonymous mutations in CTL epitopes but generally at low frequency (< 1%); all VCs showed a high number of mutations, with significant frequency changes between VE and VL visits. A higher frequency of internal mutations was observed for gag epitopes, with significant changes across visits compared to Nef epitopes, indicating a pattern associated with differential genetic pressure. Conclusions The high genetic conservation of HIV-1 gag and nef among ECs indicates that the higher level of viremia control restricts the evolution of both genes. Although viral replication levels in HICs are low or undetectable, all individuals exhibited CTL epitope mutations in proviral gag and nef variants, indicating that potential CTL escape mutants are present in HIC reservoirs and that situations leading to a disequilibrium of the host-virus relationship can result in the spread of CTL-escape variants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12977-018-0444-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gama Caetano
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Lopes Maia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Brenda Hoagland
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e Aids, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI)-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e Aids, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI)-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdilea Gonçalves Veloso
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e Aids, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI)-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monick Lindenmeyer Guimarães
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil.
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10
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Control of HIV-1 Pathogenesis in Viremic Nonprogressors Is Independent of Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00346-18. [PMID: 29593044 PMCID: PMC5974496 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00346-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viremic nonprogressors (VNPs) constitute a very scarce group of untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who maintain stable CD4+ T cell counts despite high levels of HIV-1 replication. The specific factors associated with this atypical control of the HIV infection have been poorly described. Since specific T cell responses seem to be one of the main causes of HIV-1 control in elite controllers, we studied whether HIV-1 Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses could also modulate disease control in VNPs. We characterized the immune responses from four VNPs compared to those of five standard progressors (SPs) during the first years of HIV-1 infection. We observed no differences in the breadth and frequency of Gag-specific cellular responses. Furthermore, we obtained 217 HIV-1Gag clonal sequences in which the viral variability of Gag increased over 3 years of infection for synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in both VNPs and SPs. VNPs evolution rates in gag were comparable to SPs. This observation is in line with a similar accumulation of CTL putative escape mutations in Gag epitopes targeted by CTL responses. Altogether, the absence of viral pathogenesis in VNP individuals seems to be independent of HIV-Gag-specific CTL responses. This novel information guides to the study of alternative mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesis control. IMPORTANCE Control of HIV infection has been widely studied in elite controllers or long-term nonprogressor models. However, there is a less-known group of individuals, termed viremic nonprogressors (VNPs), who maintain stable CD4+ T cell counts despite high plasma viremia. The mechanisms involved in this remarkable control of HIV-1 pathogenesis clearly have implications for the development of new drugs and vaccines. We show here for the first time that VNPs have immune responses and HIV-gag evolution similar to those of standard progressors. Remarkably, we demonstrate that the mechanism of pathogenesis control in these individuals differs from some elite controllers that are reported to have improved immune control. This is noteworthy since it opens the door to new, as-yet-unknown mechanisms for HIV control. Our novel results advance the understanding of mechanisms involved in viremic nonprogression and suggest that there are alternative mechanisms to the adaptive immune responses for an effective control of viral pathogenesis.
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11
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Pernas M, Tarancón-Diez L, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Gómez J, Prado JG, Casado C, Dominguez-Molina B, Olivares I, Coiras M, León A, Rodriguez C, Benito JM, Rallón N, Plana M, Martinez-Madrid O, Dapena M, Iribarren JA, Del Romero J, García F, Alcamí J, Muñoz-Fernández M, Vidal F, Leal M, Lopez-Galindez C, Ruiz-Mateos E. Factors Leading to the Loss of Natural Elite Control of HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:e01805-17. [PMID: 29212942 PMCID: PMC5809746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01805-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) maintain undetectable viral loads (VL) in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. However, these subjects have heterogeneous clinical outcomes, including a proportion that loses HIV-1 control over time. In this work, we compared, in a longitudinal design, transient EC, analyzed before and after the loss of virological control, with persistent EC. The aim was to identify factors leading to the loss of natural virological control of HIV-1 infection with a longitudinal retrospective study design. Gag-specific T-cell responses were assessed by in vitro intracellular polycytokine production quantified by flow cytometry. Viral diversity determinations and sequence dating were performed in proviral DNA by PCR amplification at limiting dilution of env and gag genes. The expression profile of 70 serum cytokines and chemokines was assessed by multiplex immunoassays. We identified transient EC as subjects with low Gag-specific T-cell polyfunctionality, high viral diversity, and high proinflammatory cytokine levels before the loss of control. Gag-specific T-cell polyfunctionality was inversely associated with viral diversity in transient controllers before the loss of control (r = -0.8; P = 0.02). RANTES was a potential biomarker of transient control. This study identified virological and immunological factors, including inflammatory biomarkers associated with two different phenotypes within EC. These results may allow a more accurate definition of EC, which could help in better clinical management of these individuals and in the development of future curative approaches.IMPORTANCE There is a rare group of HIV-infected patients who have the extraordinary capacity to maintain undetectable viral load levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment, the so-called HIV-1 elite controllers (EC). However, there is a proportion within these subjects that eventually loses this capability. In this work, we found differences in virological and immune factors, including soluble inflammatory biomarkers, between subjects with persistent control of viral replication and EC that will lose virological control. The identification of these factors could be a key point for a right medical care of those EC who are going to lose natural control of viral replication and for the design of future immunotherapeutic strategies using as a model the natural persistent control of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pernas
- Virologia Molecular Unit, Laboratory of Research and Reference in Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Laura Tarancón-Diez
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Gómez
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Concepción Casado
- Virologia Molecular Unit, Laboratory of Research and Reference in Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Beatriz Dominguez-Molina
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Olivares
- Virologia Molecular Unit, Laboratory of Research and Reference in Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Maite Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Laboratory of Research and Reference in Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agathe León
- Hospital Clinic-Fundació Clinic, IDIBAPS, HIVACAT, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Benito
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Hospital Clinic-Fundació Clinic, IDIBAPS, HIVACAT, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Onofre Martinez-Madrid
- Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Gral Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Marta Dapena
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Iribarren
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Del Romero
- Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Hospital Clinic-Fundació Clinic, IDIBAPS, HIVACAT, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Laboratory of Research and Reference in Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - MaÁngeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Immuno-Biology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBER BBN, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Vidal
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Cecilio Lopez-Galindez
- Virologia Molecular Unit, Laboratory of Research and Reference in Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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12
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Garg H, Joshi A. Host and Viral Factors in HIV-Mediated Bystander Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080237. [PMID: 28829402 PMCID: PMC5579491 DOI: 10.3390/v9080237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections lead to a progressive loss of CD4 T cells primarily via the process of apoptosis. With a limited number of infected cells and vastly disproportionate apoptosis in HIV infected patients, it is believed that apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells plays a significant role in this process. Disease progression in HIV infected individuals is highly variable suggesting that both host and viral factors may influence HIV mediated apoptosis. Amongst the viral factors, the role of Envelope (Env) glycoprotein in bystander apoptosis is well documented. Recent evidence on the variability in apoptosis induction by primary patient derived Envs underscores the role of Env glycoprotein in HIV disease. Amongst the host factors, the role of C-C Chemokine Receptor type 5 (CCR5), a coreceptor for HIV Env, is also becoming increasingly evident. Polymorphisms in the CCR5 gene and promoter affect CCR5 cell surface expression and correlate with both apoptosis and CD4 loss. Finally, chronic immune activation in HIV infections induces multiple defects in the immune system and has recently been shown to accelerate HIV Env mediated CD4 apoptosis. Consequently, those factors that affect CCR5 expression and/or immune activation in turn indirectly regulate HIV mediated apoptosis making this phenomenon both complex and multifactorial. This review explores the complex role of various host and viral factors in determining HIV mediated bystander apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr., El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr., El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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13
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Identification of Interleukin-27 (IL-27)/IL-27 Receptor Subunit Alpha as a Critical Immune Axis for In Vivo HIV Control. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00441-17. [PMID: 28592538 PMCID: PMC5533920 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00441-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intact and broad immune cell effector functions and specific individual cytokines have been linked to HIV disease outcome, but their relative contribution to HIV control remains unclear. We asked whether the proteome of secreted cytokines and signaling factors in peripheral blood can be used to discover specific pathways critical for host viral control. A custom glass-based microarray, able to measure >600 plasma proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication, was used to measure plasma protein profiles in 96 HIV-infected, treatment-naive individuals with high (>50,000) or low (<10,000 HIV RNA copies/ml) viral loads. Univariate and regression model analysis demonstrate that plasma levels of soluble interleukin-27 (IL-27) are significantly elevated in individuals with high plasma viremia (P < 0.0001) and are positively correlated with proviral HIV-DNA copy numbers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (Rho = 0.4011; P = 0.0027). Moreover, soluble IL-27 plasma levels are negatively associated with the breadth and magnitude of the total virus-specific T-cell responses and directly with plasma levels of molecules involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition to IL-27, gene expression levels of the specific IL-27 receptor (IL27RA) in PBMC correlated directly with both plasma viral load (Rho = 0.3531; P = 0.0218) and the proviral copy number in the peripheral blood as an indirect measure of partial viral reservoir (Rho = 0.4580; P = 0.0030). These results were validated in unrelated cohorts of early infected subjects as well as subjects before and after initiation of antiretroviral treatment, and they identify IL-27 and its specific receptor as a critical immune axis for the antiviral immune response and as robust correlates of viral load and proviral reservoir size in PBMC. IMPORTANCE The detailed knowledge of immune mechanisms that contribute to HIV control is a prerequisite for the design of effective treatment strategies to achieve HIV cure. Cells communicate with each other by secreting signaling proteins, and the blood is a key conduit for transporting such factors. Investigating the communication factors promoting effective immune responses and having potentially antiviral functions against HIV using a novel focused omics approach (“communicome”) has the potential to significantly improve our knowledge of effective host immunity and accelerate the HIV cure agenda. Including 140 subjects with variable viral loads and measuring the plasma levels of >600 soluble proteins, our data highlight the importance of Th17 cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HIV control and especially identify the IL-27/IL-27 receptor subunit alpha (IL-27RA) axis as a predictor of plasma viral load and proviral copy number in the peripheral blood. These data may provide important guidance to therapeutic approaches in the HIV cure agenda.
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14
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Casadellà M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Phillips A, Noguera-Julian M, Bickel M, Sedlacek D, Zilmer K, Clotet B, Lundgren JD, Paredes R. Plasma HIV-1 Tropism and the Risk of Short-Term Clinical Progression to AIDS or Death. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0166613. [PMID: 28129343 PMCID: PMC5271314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if plasma HIV-1 tropism testing could identify subjects at higher risk for clinical progression and death in routine clinical management. DESIGN Nested case-control study within the EuroSIDA cohort. METHODS Cases were subjects with AIDS or who died from any cause, with a plasma sample with HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL available for tropism testing 3 to 12 months prior to the event. At least 1 control matched for age, HIV-1 RNA and HCV status at the time of sampling were selected per each case. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate exposures associated with clinical progression to AIDS or death. A linear mixed model with random intercept was used to compare CD4+T-cell slopes by HIV tropism over the 12 months following the date of sampling. RESULTS The study included 266 subjects, 100 cases and 166 controls; one quarter had X4 HIV; 26% were ART-naïve. Baseline factors independently associated with clinical progression or death were female gender (OR = 2.13 vs. male, 95CI = 1.04, 4.36), p = 0.038), CD4+T-cell count (OR = 0.90 (95CI = 0.80, 1.00) per 100 cells/mm3 higher, p = 0.058), being on ART (OR = 2.72 vs. being off-ART (95CI = 1.15, 6.41), p = 0.022) and calendar year of sample [OR = 0.84 (95CI = 0.77, 0.91) per more recent year, p<0.001). Baseline tropism was not associated with the risk of clinical progression or death. CD4+T-cell slopes did not differ within or between tropism groups. CONCLUSIONS The predictive role of plasma tropism determined using 454 sequencing in the context of people receiving cART with detectable VL is not helpful to identify subjects at higher risk for clinical progression to AIDS or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casadellà
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Kai Zilmer
- West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Jimenez-Moyano E, Ruiz A, Kløverpris HN, Rodriguez-Plata MT, Peña R, Blondeau C, Selwood DL, Izquierdo-Useros N, Moris A, Clotet B, Goulder P, Towers GJ, Prado JG. Nonhuman TRIM5 Variants Enhance Recognition of HIV-1-Infected Cells by CD8+ T Cells. J Virol 2016; 90:8552-62. [PMID: 27440884 PMCID: PMC5021395 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00819-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5) restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a species-specific manner by uncoating viral particles while activating early innate responses. Although the contribution of TRIM5 proteins to cellular immunity has not yet been studied, their interactions with the incoming viral capsid and the cellular proteasome led us to hypothesize a role for them. Here, we investigate whether the expression of two nonhuman TRIM5 orthologs, rhesus TRIM5α (RhT5) and TRIM-cyclophilin A (TCyp), both of which are potent restrictors of HIV-1, could enhance immune recognition of infected cells by CD8(+) T cells. We illustrate how TRIM5 restriction improves CD8(+) T-cell-mediated HIV-1 inhibition. Moreover, when TRIM5 activity was blocked by the nonimmunosuppressive analog of cyclosporine (CsA), sarcosine-3(4-methylbenzoate)-CsA (SmBz-CsA), we found a significant reduction in CD107a/MIP-1β expression in HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells. This finding underscores the direct link between TRIM5 restriction and activation of CD8(+) T-cell responses. Interestingly, cells expressing RhT5 induced stronger CD8(+) T-cell responses through the specific recognition of the HIV-1 capsid by the immune system. The underlying mechanism of this process may involve TRIM5-specific capsid recruitment to cellular proteasomes and increase peptide availability for loading and presentation of HLA class I antigens. In summary, we identified a novel function for nonhuman TRIM5 variants in cellular immunity. We hypothesize that TRIM5 can couple innate viral sensing and CD8(+) T-cell activation to increase species barriers against retrovirus infection. IMPORTANCE New therapeutics to tackle HIV-1 infection should aim to combine rapid innate viral sensing and cellular immune recognition. Such strategies could prevent seeding of the viral reservoir and the immune damage that occurs during acute infection. The nonhuman TRIM5 variants, rhesus TRIM5α (RhT5) and TRIM-cyclophilin A (TCyp), are attractive candidates owing to their potency in sensing HIV-1 and blocking its activity. Here, we show that expression of RhT5 and TCyp in HIV-1-infected cells improves CD8(+) T-cell-mediated inhibition through the direct activation of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. We found that the potency in CD8(+) activation was stronger for RhT5 variants and capsid-specific CD8(+) T cells in a mechanism that relies on TRIM5-dependent particle recruitment to cellular proteasomes. This novel mechanism couples innate viral sensing with cellular immunity in a single protein and could be exploited to develop innovative therapeutics for control of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Ruiz
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Henrik N Kløverpris
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Ruth Peña
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Caroline Blondeau
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 6, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Greg J Towers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia G Prado
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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16
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Mónaco DC, Dilernia DA, Fiore-Gartland A, Yu T, Prince JL, Dennis KK, Qin K, Schaefer M, Claiborne DT, Kilembe W, Tang J, Price MA, Farmer P, Gilmour J, Bansal A, Allen S, Goepfert P, Hunter E. Balance between transmitted HLA preadapted and nonassociated polymorphisms is a major determinant of HIV-1 disease progression. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2049-63. [PMID: 27551154 PMCID: PMC5030801 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cohort of Zambian heterosexual transmission pairs, the authors show that HIV-1–transmitted variants already exhibit a significant degree of preadaptation to the new host's HLA alleles, which, modulated by polymorphisms that decrease viral fitness, determines early set-point VL and the rate of disease progression in the newly infected individual. HIV-1 adapts to a new host through mutations that facilitate immune escape. Here, we evaluate the impact on viral control and disease progression of transmitted polymorphisms that were either preadapted to or nonassociated with the new host’s HLA. In a cohort of 169 Zambian heterosexual transmission pairs, we found that almost one-third of possible HLA-linked target sites in the transmitted virus Gag protein are already adapted, and that this transmitted preadaptation significantly reduced early immune recognition of epitopes. Transmitted preadapted and nonassociated polymorphisms showed opposing effects on set-point VL and the balance between the two was significantly associated with higher set-point VLs in a multivariable model including other risk factors. Transmitted preadaptation was also significantly associated with faster CD4 decline (<350 cells/µl) and this association was stronger after accounting for nonassociated polymorphisms, which were linked with slower CD4 decline. Overall, the relative ratio of the two classes of polymorphisms was found to be the major determinant of CD4 decline in a multivariable model including other risk factors. This study reveals that, even before an immune response is mounted in the new host, the balance of these opposing factors can significantly influence the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | | | - Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | | | | | | | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Matt A Price
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), San Francisco, CA 94105 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105
| | - Paul Farmer
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Susan Allen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Paul Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Eric Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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17
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Does rapid HIV disease progression prior to combination antiretroviral therapy hinder optimal CD4+ T-cell recovery once HIV-1 suppression is achieved? AIDS 2015; 29:2323-33. [PMID: 26544704 PMCID: PMC5629982 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This article compares trends in CD4+ T-cell recovery and proportions achieving optimal restoration (≥500 cells/μl) after viral suppression following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation between rapid and nonrapid progressors. Methods: We included HIV-1 seroconverters achieving viral suppression within 6 months of cART. Rapid progressors were individuals experiencing at least one CD4+ less than 200 cells/μl within 12 months of seroconverters before cART. We used piecewise linear mixed models and logistic regression for optimal restoration. Results: Of 4024 individuals, 294 (7.3%) were classified as rapid progressors. At the same CD4+ T-cell count at cART start (baseline), rapid progressors experienced faster CD4+ T-cell increases than nonrapid progressors in first month [difference (95% confidence interval) in mean increase/month (square root scale): 1.82 (1.61; 2.04)], which reversed to slightly slower increases in months 1–18 [−0.05 (−0.06; −0.03)] and no significant differences in 18–60 months [−0.003 (−0.01; 0.01)]. Percentage achieving optimal restoration was significantly lower for rapid progressors than nonrapid progressors at months 12 (29.2 vs. 62.5%) and 36 (47.1 vs. 72.4%) but not at month 60 (70.4 vs. 71.8%). These differences disappeared after adjusting for baseline CD4+ T-cell count: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.86 (0.61; 1.20), 0.90 (0.38; 2.17) and 1.56 (0.55; 4.46) at months 12, 36 and 60, respectively. Conclusion: Among people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy, rapid progressors experience faster initial increases of CD4+ T-cell counts than nonrapid progressors, but are less likely to achieve optimal restoration during the first 36 months after cART, mainly because of lower CD4+ T-cell counts at cART initiation.
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18
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Diao Y, Geng W, Fan X, Cui H, Sun H, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Sun A, Shang H. Low CD1c + myeloid dendritic cell counts correlated with a high risk of rapid disease progression during early HIV-1 infection. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:342. [PMID: 26286082 PMCID: PMC4541738 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During early HIV-1 infection (EHI), the interaction between the immune response and the virus determines disease progression. Although CD1c + myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) can trigger the immune response, the relationship between CD1c + mDC alteration and disease progression has not yet been defined. METHODS EHI changes in CD1c + mDC counts, surface marker (CD40, CD86, CD83) expression, and IL-12 secretion were assessed by flow cytometry in 29 patients. RESULTS When compared with the normal controls, patients with EHI displayed significantly lower CD1c + mDC counts and IL-12 secretion and increased surface markers. CD1c + mDC counts were positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and inversely associated with viral loads. IL-12 secretion was only positively associated with CD4+ T cell counts. Rapid progressors had lower counts, CD86 expression, and IL-12 secretion of CD1c + mDCs comparing with typical progressors. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models suggested patients with low CD1c + mDC counts (<10 cells/μL) had a 4-fold higher risk of rapid disease progression than those with high CD1c + mDC counts. However, no relationship was found between surface markers or IL-12 secretion and disease progression. CONCLUSIONS During EHI, patients with low CD1c + mDC counts were more likely to experience rapid disease progression than those with high CD1c + mDC counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Diao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wenqing Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xuejie Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hualu Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Amy Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hong Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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