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Jiménez M, Pastor L, Urrea V, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Parker E, Fuente-Soro L, Jairoce C, Mandomando I, Carrillo J, Naniche D, Blanco J. A Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Early Activation and Late Alterations in B Cells During Primary HIV Infection in Mozambican Adults. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614319. [PMID: 33519823 PMCID: PMC7844141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary HIV infection (PHI) and subsequent chronic infection alter B-cell compartment. However, longitudinal analysis defining the dynamics of B-cell alterations are still limited. We longitudinally studied B-cell subsets in individuals followed for 1 year after PHI (n = 40). Treated and untreated chronic HIV infected (n = 56) and HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 58) were recruited as reference groups at the Manhiça District in Mozambique. B cells were analyzed by multicolor flow-cytometry. Anti-HIV humoral response and plasma cytokines were assessed by ELISA or Luminex-based technology. A generalized activation of B cells induced by HIV occurs early after infection and is characterized by increases in Activated and Tissue-like memory cells, decreases in IgM-IgD- (switched) and IgM-only B cells. These alterations remain mostly stable until chronic infection and are reverted in part by ART. In contrast, other parameters followed particular dynamics: PD-1 expression in memory cells decreases progressively during the first year of infection, Transitional B cells expand at month 3-4 after infection, and Marginal zone-like B cells show a late depletion. Plasmablasts expand 2 months after infection linked to plasma viral load and anti-p24 IgG3 responses. Most of well-defined changes induced by HIV in B-cell activation and memory subsets are readily observed after PHI, lasting until ART initiation. However, subsequent changes occur after sustained viral infection. These data indicate that HIV infection impacts B cells in several waves over time, and highlight that early treatment would result in beneficial effects on the B-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Jiménez
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lucía Pastor
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Victor Urrea
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - María Luisa Rodríguez de la Concepción
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Erica Parker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laura Fuente-Soro
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Denise Naniche
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Julià Blanco
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
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Giltiay NV, Giordano D, Clark EA. The Plasticity of Newly Formed B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 203:3095-3104. [PMID: 31818922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly formed B cells (NF-B cells) that emerge from the bone marrow to the periphery have often been referred to as immature or transitional B cells. However, NF-B cells have several striking characteristics, including a distinct BCR repertoire, high expression of AID, high sensitivity to PAMPs, and the ability to produce cytokines. A number of findings do not support their designation as immature because NF-B cells have the potential to become Ab-producing cells and to undergo class-switch recombination. In this review, we provide a fresh perspective on NF-B cell functions and describe some of the signals driving their activation. We summarize growing evidence supporting a role for NF-B cells in protection against infections and as a potential source of autoantibody-producing cells in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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Liao H, Zheng Q, Jin Y, Chozom T, Zhu Y, Liu L, Jiang N. The prognostic significance of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow for adult B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia without minimal residual disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19722. [PMID: 31871314 PMCID: PMC6928064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to dissect the prognostic significances of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow for adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) without minimal residual disease(MRD) after the induction chemotherapy cycle. A total of 113 ALL patients who have received standardized chemotherapy cycle were analyzed. Cases that were not remission after induction chemotherapy or have received stem cell transplantation were excluded. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow aspirations, and the patients were grouped according to the levels of these two precursor cell types. The long-term relapse-free survival(RFS) and recovery of peripheral blood cells of each group after induction chemotherapy were compared. The results indicated that, after induction chemotherapy, patients with hematogones ≥0.1% have a significantly longer remission period than patients with hematogones <0.1% (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, the level of hematogones was positively associated with the recovery of both hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood, while CD34+ myeloblasts level is irrelevant to the recovery of Hb and PLT in peripheral blood, level of hematogones and long-term prognosis. This study confirmed hematogones level after induction chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic factor for ALL without MRD. It is more applicable for evaluation prognosis than CD34+ myeloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Tashi Chozom
- Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Nenggang Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
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Soldemo M, Karlsson Hedestam GB. Env-Specific Antibodies in Chronic Infection versus in Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1057. [PMID: 28928737 PMCID: PMC5591324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are central in vaccine-mediated protection. For HIV-1, a pathogen that displays extreme antigenic variability, B cell responses against conserved determinants of the envelope glycoproteins (Env) are likely required to achieve broadly protective vaccine-induced responses. To understand antibodies in chronic infection, where broad serum neutralizing activity is observed in a subset of individuals, monoclonal antibodies mediating this activity have been isolated. Studies of their maturation pathways reveal that years of co-evolution between the virus and the adaptive immune response are required for such responses to arise. Furthermore, they do so in subjects who display alterations of their B cell subsets caused by the chronic infection, conditions that are distinctly different from those in healthy hosts. So far, broadly neutralizing antibody responses were not induced by vaccination in primates or small animals with natural B cell repertoires. An increased focus on the development vaccine-induced responses in healthy subjects is therefore needed to delineate how the immune system recognizes different forms of HIV-1 Env and to optimize approaches to stimulate antibody responses against relevant neutralizing antibody epitopes. In this review, we describe aspects of Env-directed antibody responses that differ between chronic HIV-1 infection and subunit vaccination for an increased appreciation of these differences; and we highlight the need for an improved understanding of vaccine-induced B cell responses to complex glycoproteins such as Env, in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Soldemo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tanko RF, Soares AP, Müller TL, Garrett NJ, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Riou C, Burgers WA. Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Memory and Activation Profiles of B Cells in HIV-Infected African Women. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1220-1228. [PMID: 28039305 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus infection induces a wide range of effects in B cells, including skewed memory cell differentiation, compromised B cell function, and hypergammaglobulinemia. However, data on the extent to which these B cell abnormalities can be reversed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited. To investigate the effect of ART on B cells, the activation (CD86) and differentiation (IgD, CD27, and CD38) profiles of B cells were measured longitudinally in 19 HIV-infected individuals before (median, 2 mo) and after ART initiation (median, 12 mo) and compared with 19 age-matched HIV-uninfected individuals using flow cytometry. Twelve months of ART restored the typical distribution of B cell subsets, increasing the proportion of naive B cells (CD27-IgD+CD38-) and concomitantly decreasing the immature transitional (CD27-IgD+CD38+), unswitched memory (CD27+IgD+CD38-), switched memory (CD27+IgD-CD38- or CD27-IgD-CD38-), and plasmablast (CD27+IgD-CD38high) subsets. However, B cell activation was only partially normalized post-ART, with the frequency of activated B cells (CD86+CD40+) reduced compared with pre-ART levels (p = 0.0001), but remaining significantly higher compared with HIV-uninfected individuals (p = 0.0001). Interestingly, unlike for T cell activation profiles, the extent of B cell activation prior to ART did not correlate with HIV plasma viral load, but positively associated with plasma sCD14 levels (p = 0.01, r = 0.58). Overall, ART partially normalizes the skewed B cell profiles induced by HIV, with some activation persisting. Understanding the effects of HIV on B cell dysfunction and restoration following ART may provide important insights into the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla F Tanko
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Andreia P Soares
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Natasha Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Catherine Riou
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; .,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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