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Nowak RG, Bentzen SM, Ravel J, Crowell TA, Dauda W, Ma B, Liu H, Blattner WA, Baral SD, Charurat ME, Charurat M, Ake J, Adebajo S, Baral S, Billings E, Crowell T, Eluwa G, Fasina A, Gaydos C, Ketende S, Kokogho A, Liu H, Malia J, Makanjuola O, Michael N, Ndembi N, Njab J, Nowak R, Olawore O, Parker Z, Peel S, Ramadhani H, Robb M, Rodriguez-Hart C, Sanders-Buell E, Tovanabutra S. Anal Microbial Patterns and Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus in a Pilot Study of Nigerian Men Who Have Sex with Men at Risk for or Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:267-275. [PMID: 30215262 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To cluster anal microbiota and define microbial patterns associated with biological, clinical, and behavioral correlates among Nigerian men who have sex with men (MSM) living with or at risk for HIV. In this cross-sectional pilot study, the 15 most abundant 16S taxa in the anal microbiota of 113 MSM underwent unsupervised K-means clustering and z-score comparisons to define similarities and dissimilarities among 4 microbiota taxonomic profiles. Distributions of oncogenic HPV (high-risk human papillomavirus [HR-HPV]), concurrent HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and other clinical and behavioral data were evaluated using Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine biological signatures of cluster membership. Prevotella was consistently represented in each cluster, but the average composition ranged from 14% to 44%. Cluster 2 was enriched with a member of the Fusobacteria phylum, Sneathia (29%). More participants of cluster 2 were HIV infected and taking ART (83%, 5/6), were virally suppressed (80%, 4/5), had HPV-16 (66.7%, 4/6), and reported no vaginal sex partners (83%, 5/6). HPV-35, a highly prevalent oncogenic HPV in Nigeria, was observed in all clusters except cluster 2 (0%, 0/6). Other covariates were similar across clusters (all p > .05). K-means unsupervised clustering, a canonical pattern recognition method, generalized the microbial community composition and structure while accounting for among sample variability. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether an anal microbial community enriched with members of the Fusobacteria phylum is associated with HIV-infected MSM who are virally suppressed and have a concurrent HPV-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G. Nowak
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Søren M. Bentzen
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Trevor A. Crowell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wuese Dauda
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - William A. Blattner
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefan D. Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Man E. Charurat
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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