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Alpuche-Lazcano SP, Scarborough RJ, Gatignol A. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV. Retrovirology 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38424561 PMCID: PMC10905857 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have replicative and latent stages of infection. The status of the viruses is dependent on the cells that harbour them and on different events that change the transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Non-coding (nc)RNAs are key factors in the regulation of retrovirus replication cycles. Notably, micro (mi)RNAs and long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are important regulators that can induce switches between active transcription-replication and latency of retroviruses and have important impacts on their pathogenesis. Here, we review the functions of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the context of HIV and HTLV. We describe how specific miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of the viruses' transcription, post-transcriptional regulation and latency. We further discuss treatment strategies using ncRNAs for HIV and HTLV long remission, reactivation or possible cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio P Alpuche-Lazcano
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3999, Côte Ste Catherine St., Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Robert J Scarborough
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3999, Côte Ste Catherine St., Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne Gatignol
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3999, Côte Ste Catherine St., Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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2
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Kitawi R, Ledger S, Kelleher AD, Ahlenstiel CL. Advances in HIV Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2771. [PMID: 38474018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Early gene therapy studies held great promise for the cure of heritable diseases, but the occurrence of various genotoxic events led to a pause in clinical trials and a more guarded approach to progress. Recent advances in genetic engineering technologies have reignited interest, leading to the approval of the first gene therapy product targeting genetic mutations in 2017. Gene therapy (GT) can be delivered either in vivo or ex vivo. An ex vivo approach to gene therapy is advantageous, as it allows for the characterization of the gene-modified cells and the selection of desired properties before patient administration. Autologous cells can also be used during this process which eliminates the possibility of immune rejection. This review highlights the various stages of ex vivo gene therapy, current research developments that have increased the efficiency and safety of this process, and a comprehensive summary of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) gene therapy studies, the majority of which have employed the ex vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Kitawi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Scott Ledger
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chantelle L Ahlenstiel
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Duggan NN, Dragic T, Chanda SK, Pache L. Breaking the Silence: Regulation of HIV Transcription and Latency on the Road to a Cure. Viruses 2023; 15:2435. [PMID: 38140676 PMCID: PMC10747579 DOI: 10.3390/v15122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has brought the HIV/AIDS epidemic under control, but a curative strategy for viral eradication is still needed. The cessation of ART results in rapid viral rebound from latently infected CD4+ T cells, showing that control of viral replication alone does not fully restore immune function, nor does it eradicate viral reservoirs. With a better understanding of factors and mechanisms that promote viral latency, current approaches are primarily focused on the permanent silencing of latently infected cells ("block and lock") or reactivating HIV-1 gene expression in latently infected cells, in combination with immune restoration strategies to eliminate HIV infected cells from the host ("shock and kill"). In this review, we provide a summary of the current, most promising approaches for HIV-1 cure strategies, including an analysis of both latency-promoting agents (LPA) and latency-reversing agents (LRA) that have shown promise in vitro, ex vivo, and in human clinical trials to reduce the HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Duggan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatjana Dragic
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sumit K. Chanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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4
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Could gene therapy cure HIV? Life Sci 2021; 277:119451. [PMID: 33811896 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed almost 33 million lives so far. According to the recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, about 38 million people are living with AIDS. Hence, finding a solution to overcome this life-threatening virus can save millions of lives. Scientists and medical doctors have prescribed HIV patients with specific drugs for many years. Methods such antiretroviral therapy (ART) or latency-reversing agents (LRAs) have been used for a while to treat HIV patients, however they have some side effects and drawbacks causing their application to be not quite successful. Instead, the application of gene therapy which refers to the utilization of the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease has shown promising results to control HIV infection. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize recent advances in gene therapy approach against HIV.
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5
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Kelleher AD, Cortez-Jugo C, Cavalieri F, Qu Y, Glanville AR, Caruso F, Symonds G, Ahlenstiel CL. RNAi therapeutics: an antiviral strategy for human infections. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:121-129. [PMID: 33171339 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing induced by RNAi represents a promising antiviral development strategy. This review will summarise the current state of RNAi therapeutics for treating acute and chronic human virus infections. The gene silencing pathways exploited by RNAi therapeutics will be described and include both classic RNAi, inducing cytoplasmic mRNA degradation post-transcription and novel RNAi, mediating epigenetic modifications at the transcription level in the nucleus. Finally, the challenge of delivering gene modifications via RNAi will be discussed, along with the unique characteristics of respiratory versus systemic administration routes to highlight recent advances and future potential of RNAi antiviral treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Yijiao Qu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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6
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Ahlenstiel CL, Symonds G, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD. Block and Lock HIV Cure Strategies to Control the Latent Reservoir. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:424. [PMID: 32923412 PMCID: PMC7457024 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV latent reservoir represents the major challenge to cure development. Residing in resting CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells at multiple locations in the body, including sanctuary sites such as the brain, the latent reservoir is not eliminated by ART and has the ability to reactivate virus replication to pre-therapy levels when ART is ceased. There are four broad areas of HIV cure research. The only successful cure strategy, thus far, is stem cell transplantation using naturally HIV resistant CCR5Δ32 stem cells. A second potential cure approach uses gene editing technology, such as zinc-finger nucleases and CRISPR/Cas9. Another two cure strategies aim to control the HIV reservoir, with polar opposite concepts; The "shock and kill" approach, which aims to "shock" or reactivate the latent virus and then "kill" infected cells via targeted immune responses. Lastly, the "block and lock" approach, which aims to enhance the latent virus state by "blocking" HIV transcription and "locking" the HIV promoter in a deep latent state via epigenetic modifications. "Shock and kill" approaches are a major focus of cure studies, however we predict that the increased specificity of "block and lock" approaches will be required for the successful development of a sustained HIV clinical remission in the absence of ART. This review focuses on the current research of novel "block and lock" approaches being explored to generate an HIV cure via induction of epigenetic silencing. We will also discuss potential future therapeutic delivery and the challenges associated with progressing "block and lock" cure approaches as these move toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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7
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Ohata PJ, Kerr SJ, Avihingsanon A, Ramautarsing R, Gatechompol S, Ueaphongsukkit T, Phanuphak N, Kroon E, Ubolyam S, Colby D, Phanuphak P. Conference proceedings from the 22nd Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine is one of the longest running and largest international conferences in the Asia–Pacific, providing healthcare workers with the most up-to-date information pertaining to HIV and coinfections. In the third week of January 2020, 500 HIV researchers and service providers from over 21 countries worldwide gathered in Bangkok to share data and experiences in the treatment and prevention of HIV, TB and sexually transmitted infections. Highlights of the 2020 symposium included a roundtable discussion of pre-exposure prophylaxis, a 1-day forum on TB, the potential for a HBV cure and, for the first time, oral presentations from four young investigators from the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirapon June Ohata
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Kerr
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Tuberculosis Research Unit (TB RU), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Reshmie Ramautarsing
- PREVENTION, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Gatechompol
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Tuberculosis Research Unit (TB RU), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thornthun Ueaphongsukkit
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- PREVENTION, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Ubolyam
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Donn Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Henry M Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Praphan Phanuphak
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross – AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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8
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Tsukamoto T. Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and the Pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:60. [PMID: 32154191 PMCID: PMC7047323 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been of great interest. However, it remains unclear whether HSPCs can act as viral reservoirs. Many studies have reported the presence of latently infected HSPCs in the bone marrow of HIV-infected patients, whereas many other investigators have reported negative results. Hence, further evidence is required to elucidate this controversy. The other arm of HSPC investigations of HIV infection involves dynamics analysis in the early and late stages of infection to understand the impact on the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Several recent studies have suggested reduced amounts and/or functional impairment of multipotent, myeloid, and lymphoid progenitors in HIV infection that may contribute to hematological manifestations, including anemia, pancytopenia, and T-cell depletion. In addition, ongoing and future studies on the senescence of HSPCs are expected to further the understanding of HIV pathogenesis. This mini review summarizes reports describing the basic aspects of hematopoiesis in response to HIV infection and offers insights into the association of HIV infection/exposure of the host HSPCs and hematopoietic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Tsukamoto T, Nakamura K, Okada S. Simian immunodeficiency virus infection and flow cytometric characterization of Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) hematopoietic cells. J Med Primatol 2020; 49:116-120. [PMID: 31907946 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We characterized Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) hematopoietic cells using flow cytometry and identified 28 cross-reactive anti-human antibody clones. Furthermore, productive infection of peripheral T lymphocytes with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in vitro was confirmed by intracellular SIV p27 staining. This study could facilitate using Japanese macaques as models for human hematological and immunological disorders and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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10
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Tsukamoto T. Gene Therapy Approaches to Functional Cure and Protection of Hematopoietic Potential in HIV Infection. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E114. [PMID: 30862061 PMCID: PMC6470728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current antiretroviral drug therapy can suppress the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lifelong prescription is necessary to avoid viral rebound. The problem of persistent and ineradicable viral reservoirs in HIV-infected people continues to be a global threat. In addition, some HIV-infected patients do not experience sufficient T-cell immune restoration despite being aviremic during treatment. This is likely due to altered hematopoietic potential. To achieve the global eradication of HIV disease, a cure is needed. To this end, tremendous efforts have been made in the field of anti-HIV gene therapy. This review will discuss the concepts of HIV cure and relative viral attenuation and provide an overview of various gene therapy approaches aimed at a complete or functional HIV cure and protection of hematopoietic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 5898511, Japan.
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11
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Nucleic acid testing and molecular characterization of HIV infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:829-842. [PMID: 30798399 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the molecular assays used for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which are crucial in preventing HIV transmission and monitoring disease progression. Molecular assays for HIV diagnosis have now reached a high degree of specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility, and have less operator involvement to minimize risk of contamination. Furthermore, analyses have been developed for the characterization of host gene polymorphisms and host responses to better identify and monitor HIV-1 infections in the clinic. Currently, molecular technologies including HIV quantitative and qualitative assays are mainly based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and branched chain (b) DNA methods and widely used for HIV detection and characterization, such as blood screening, point-of-care testing (POCT), pediatric diagnosis, acute HIV infection (AHI), HIV drug resistance testing, antiretroviral (AR) susceptibility testing, host genome polymorphism testing, and host response analysis. This review summarizes the development and the potential utility of molecular assays used to detect and characterize HIV infections.
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12
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Tsukamoto T. HIV Impacts CD34 + Progenitors Involved in T-Cell Differentiation During Coculture With Mouse Stromal OP9-DL1 Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:81. [PMID: 30761146 PMCID: PMC6361802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 causes the loss of CD4+ T cells via depletion or impairment of their production. The latter involves infection of thymocytes, but the involvement of hematopoietic CD34+ cells remains unclear even though HIV-positive patients frequently manifest myelosuppression. In order to have a closer look at the impact of HIV-1 on T-lineage differentiation, this study utilized the OP9-DL1 coculture system, which supports in vitro T-lineage differentiation of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In the newly developed in vitro OP9-DL1/HIV-1 model, cord-derived CD34+ cells were infected with CXCR4-tropic HIV-1NL4−3 and cocultured. The HIV-infected cocultures exhibited reduced CD4+ T-cell growth at weeks 3–5 post infection compared to autologous uninfected cocultures. Further assays and analyses revealed that CD34+CD7+CXCR4+ cells can be quickly depleted as early as 1 week after infection of the subset, and this was accompanied by the emergence of rare CD34+CD7+CD4+ cells. A subsequent theoretical model analysis suggested potential influence of HIV-1 on the differentiation rate or death rate of lymphoid progenitor cells. These results indicate that CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains may impact the dynamics of CD34+CD7+ lymphoid progenitor cell pools, presumably leading to impaired T-cell production potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Tsukamoto
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Müller U, Schaub GA, Mossmann H, Köhler G, Carsetti R, Hölscher C. Immunosuppression in Experimental Chagas Disease Is Mediated by an Alteration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Function During the Acute Phase of Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2794. [PMID: 30619242 PMCID: PMC6295583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, immunosuppression, and apoptosis of mature lymphocytes contribute to the establishment of the parasite in the host and thereby to persistence and pathology in the chronic stage of infection. In a systemic mouse model of experimental Chagas disease, we have demonstrated a strong depletion of mature B cells in the spleen during the first 2 weeks of infection. Remarkably, the decrease in this cell population commenced already in the bone marrow from infected mice and was a concomitant of an increased apoptosis in pro- and pre-B cell populations. Pro- and pre-B cells in the bone marrow showed a significant reduction accompanied by a functional disturbance of bone marrow-derived stromal cells resulting in diminished levels of IL-7, an essential factor for the development of B cell precursors. Ex vivo, stromal cells isolated from the bone marrow of infected mice had a strikingly impaired capacity to maintain the development of pro- and pre-B cells obtained from uninfected animals. Together, the reduction of an active humoral immune response during acute Chagas disease suggests to be an initial immune evasion mechanism of the parasite to establish persistent infection. Therefore, prevention of B cell depletion by rescuing the stromal cells during this early phase, could give rise to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günter A Schaub
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Horst Mossmann
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Köhler
- Department of Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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14
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Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated depletion of bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-1 infection: Erratum. AIDS 2018; 32:2857-2858. [PMID: 30407257 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000547984.16868.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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