1
|
de Mendoza C, Lozano AB, Rando A, Nieto MDC, Cebollero A, Cabezas T, Maciá MD, Cortizo S, Basalobre L, Aldamiz T, Pena MJ, Soriano V. The incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain is declining - a registry data analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107076. [PMID: 38823624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV-2 infection is a neglected disease caused by a human retrovirus that causes AIDS more slowly than HIV-1. Infection with HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. Given its differential features, guidelines recommend ruling out HIV-2 infection in all newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive individuals. METHODS A national registry of HIV-2 cases was created in Spain in 1989, following the first report of three HIV-2+ individuals in Barcelona. The main demographics, clinical, and virological data are reported up to December 2023. RESULTS A total of 424 individuals with HIV-2 infection were recorded in the Spanish registry. After a peak in 2009 when 31 cases were reported, new HIV-2 diagnoses steadily decreased. Less than 10 cases/year have been notified since the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, only eight cases were reported. Mean age at HIV-2 diagnosis was 44 years old, ranging from birth to 83 years. A total of 265 (62.5%) were male. Migrants predominated, being 322 (76%) Sub-Saharan Africans; however, 60 (14.2%) were native Spaniards. Heterosexual exposure was the most likely route of infection in at least 287 (67.7%) cases. A few cases could be traced to transfusions (n = 4), vertical infection (n = 2), or injection drug use (n = 7). In addition, 15 individuals (3.5%) were men who had sex with men. Coinfection with HIV-1 was recognized in 39 (9.2%) individuals. Molecular characterization of HIV-2 subtypes was performed in 139 individuals, 121 being infected with subtype A and 18 with subtype B. CONCLUSION The annual incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain has decreased after peaking 15 years ago, being the current number of cases below 10 per year. Three-quarters are African migrants, and two-thirds are male. Circulation of HIV-2 in Spain is limited and steadily decreasing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariadna Rando
- Hospital Universitario Vall d' Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Cortizo
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luz Basalobre
- UR Salud, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José Pena
- Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Vicente Soriano
- UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diallo I, Ouédraogo S, Sawadogo A, Ouédraogo GA, Diendéré EA, Zoungrana J, Sondo AK, Bognounou R, Savadogo M, Poda A, Drabo YJ. Future of HIV2 and HIV2 + 1 Infected Patients Treated with Antiretrovirals Followed at the Day Hospital HIV Care Unit from 2011 to 2015. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2022; 21:23259582221143675. [PMID: 36474417 PMCID: PMC9732798 DOI: 10.1177/23259582221143675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: HIV2 is endemic in West Africa. In Burkina Faso, its prevalence was estimated at 2%. The aim of this work was to evaluate the follow-up of patients and also to contribute to the availability of data. Methods: We involved 18 years or older. Infection was screened according to the national algorithm. A cross- sectional study from first June 2017 to 31 December 2017 was performed. For each patient, sociodemographic, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolution data were collected and analyzed. Results: The proportion of patients infected with HIV2 (n = 48; 1.7%) and HIV2 + 1 (n = 67; 2.4%) was 4.3%. The sex rat mean age was 50.3 ± 8.5 years. The combination of 2INTI + LPV/r was the most prescribed (n = 73; 63.5%). The average gain of LTCD4 has evolved from + 236 cells/mm3 in 2011 to + 364 cells/mm3 in 2015. The retention rate at grade 5 was about 70%. Conclusion: The immunological and clinic response of the patients was satisfactory. More than half of the patients remained in the continuum of care after five years of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismaël Diallo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Day Hospital (HIV Department),
Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,Training and Research Unit Health Sciences (UFR-SDS), Joseph
KI-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Smaïla Ouédraogo
- Training and Research Unit Health Sciences (UFR-SDS), Joseph
KI-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,Public Health Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital,
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Sawadogo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Teaching Hospital of
Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso,Abdoulaye Sawadogo, Regional Teaching
Hospital of Ouahigouya, Department of Infectious Diseases, 04 BP : 698
Ouagadougou 04, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.
| | | | - Eric Arnaud Diendéré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Bogodogo,
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Zoungrana
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Department of infectious
diseases and tropical medicine, Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina
Faso
| | - Apoline Kongnimissom Sondo
- Training and Research Unit Health Sciences (UFR-SDS), Joseph
KI-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,Department of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouedraogo University
Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Réné Bognounou
- Department of Internal Medicine/Day Hospital (HIV Department),
Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou Savadogo
- Training and Research Unit Health Sciences (UFR-SDS), Joseph
KI-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,Department of Infectious Diseases, Yalgado Ouedraogo University
Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Armel Poda
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Department of infectious
diseases and tropical medicine, Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina
Faso
| | - Youssouf Joseph Drabo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Day Hospital (HIV Department),
Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,Training and Research Unit Health Sciences (UFR-SDS), Joseph
KI-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berzow D, Descamps D, Obermeier M, Charpentier C, Kaiser R, Guertler L, Eberle J, Wensing A, Sierra S, Ruelle J, Gomes P, Mansinho K, Taylor N, Jensen B, Döring M, Stürmer M, Rockstroh J, Camacho R. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-2 (HIV-2): A Summary of the Present Standard of Care and Treatment Options for Individuals Living with HIV-2 in Western Europe. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:503-509. [PMID: 32227124 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) is endemic in some countries in West Africa. Due to the lower prevalence in industrialized countries, there is limited experience and knowledge on the management of individuals living with HIV-2 in Europe. Compared to HIV-1, there are differential characteristics of HIV-2 regarding diagnostic procedures, the clinical course, and, most importantly, antiretroviral therapy. We integrated the published literature on HIV-2 (studies and reports on epidemiology, diagnostics, the clinical course, and treatment), as well as expert experience in diagnosing and clinical care, to provide recommendations for a present standard of medical care of those living with HIV-2 in Western European countries, including an overview of strategies for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, with suggestions for effective drug combinations for first- and second-line treatments, post-exposure prophylaxis, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, as well as listings of mutations related to HIV-2 drug resistance and C-C motif chemokine receptor type 5 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 coreceptor tropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Berzow
- Praxis for Infectiology, Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft niedergelassener Ärzte in der Versorgung HIV-Infizierter (DAGNAE) Berlin, Germany
| | - Diane Descamps
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR),1137, Laboratory Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), Paris, France
| | - Martin Obermeier
- Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft niedergelassener Ärzte in der Versorgung HIV-Infizierter (DAGNAE) Berlin, Germany.,Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany.,Gesellschaft für Virologie e.V., Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR),1137, Laboratory Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), Paris, France
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Gesellschaft für Virologie e.V., Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German AIDS Society (Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft, DAIG), Hamburg, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Lutz Guertler
- Gesellschaft für Virologie e.V., Freiburg, Germany.,German AIDS Society (Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft, DAIG), Hamburg, Germany.,National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Eberle
- Gesellschaft für Virologie e.V., Freiburg, Germany.,German AIDS Society (Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft, DAIG), Hamburg, Germany.,National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wensing
- European AIDS Clinical Society, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saleta Sierra
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean Ruelle
- Laboratories Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Perpetua Gomes
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Egas Moniz Hospital, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kamal Mansinho
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Occidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ninon Taylor
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Björn Jensen
- Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie, Rheinbach, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Döring
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Stürmer
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rockstroh
- European AIDS Clinical Society, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ricardo Camacho
- Katholieke Universiteit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|