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SOSSO SAMUELMARTIN, TCHOUAKET MICHELCARLOSTOMMO, FOKAM JOSEPH, SIMO RACHELKAMGAING, SEMENGUE EZECHIELNGOUFACKJAGNI, SANDO ZACHARIE, TORIMIRO JUDITH, TIGA ALINE, LOBE ELISEELONG, AMBADA GEORGIA, NANGE ACHILLE, NKA ALEXDURAND, CHENWI COLLINS, ABBA AISSATOU, KA'E AUDECHRISTELLE, FAINGUEM NADINE, ZAM MARIEKRYSTELNNOMO, YAGAI BOUBA, BILLONG SERGECLOTAIRE, COLIZZI VITTORIO, NDJOLO ALEXIS. Human papillomavirus positivity and cervical lesions in relation to HIV infection: a comparative assessment in the Cameroonian female population. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2334. [PMID: 37942060 PMCID: PMC10628794 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical lesions, induced by high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), in the context of HIV remains a global health challenge. We determined the effect of HR-HPV on the development of cervical lesions in women with and without HIV infection. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 257 women living in Cameroon. HIV serology, HR-HPV genotyping and cervico-vaginal smear (CVS) were performed for all participants; among those declared HIV positive, plasma HIV viral load and CD4 count were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad version 6.0; P#x003C;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of the participants in our study was 37±6.5 years. According to HIV serology, 184 (71.59%) were HIV-positive vs. 73 (28.40%) HIV-negative. Among the HIV-positive women, the median CD4 count was 438 [IQR: 317-597] cells/mm3 and the median viremia was #x003C;40 [IQR: #x003C;40-2318] copies/ml. After successful genotyping, the prevalence of HR-HPV was 36.32% (73/201), with a significantly higher proportion in HIV-infected individuals (41.98% (55/131) vs. 25.71% (18/70); P=0.02; OR=2.1). The overall rate of cervical lesions was 23.34% (60/257), with a non-significantly higher proportion in HIV-infected participants (25.00% (46/184) vs. 19.17% (14/73); P=0.31). Relevantly, the presence of HR-HPV was significantly associated with cervical lesions (P#x003C;0.0001; OR=5.07), with a higher odds of cervical lesion in HIV-positive individuals (P#x003C;0.0001 and OR=5.67) compared to HIV-negative individuals (P=0.03 and OR=3.83). Although oncogenic HPV appears to be an independent factor in the development of cervical lesions, this study reveals higher odds of cervical lesions among HIV/HPV co-infection than in HPV infection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- SAMUEL MARTIN SOSSO
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - MICHEL CARLOS TOMMO TCHOUAKET
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - RACHEL KAMGAING SIMO
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - EZECHIEL NGOUFACK JAGNI SEMENGUE
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - ZACHARIE SANDO
- University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
- Gyneco-obstetrical and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - JUDITH TORIMIRO
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - ALINE TIGA
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - ELISE ELONG LOBE
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - GEORGIA AMBADA
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - ACHILLE NANGE
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - ALEX DURAND NKA
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - COLLINS CHENWI
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - AISSATOU ABBA
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - AUDE CHRISTELLE KA'E
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - NADINE FAINGUEM
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - MARIE KRYSTEL NNOMO ZAM
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - BOUBA YAGAI
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - SERGE CLOTAIRE BILLONG
- University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - VITTORIO COLIZZI
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - ALEXIS NDJOLO
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
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The interaction of smoking habit, SLPI and AnxA2 in HPV associated head and neck and other cancers. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 26:100299. [PMID: 33387869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Six own studies confirm a correlation between smoking, expression of the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI, an antileukoproteinase) and expression of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), and their influence on human papilloma virus (HPV)-infections. SLPI and HPV are ligands of AnxA2. This correlation was tested on 928 tissue samples from 892 patients in six independent studies [squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), n = 522; non-neoplastic tonsils n = 214; clinically normal mucosa, n = 93 (of these n = 57 were obtained from patients treated for non-malignant diseases and n = 36 were obtained from HNSCC-patients) and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) n = 99]. HPV-DNA-status was determined by GP5+/GP6+-PCR, followed in case of HPV-positivity by Sanger sequencing and RT-PCR using HPV-type specific primers. SLPI- and AnxA2-gene-expression was determined by RT-q-PCR; SLPI-protein-expression was additionally determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC); the data were correlated with each other and with patient characteristics. Smoking results in increased SLPI-gene- and protein- and AnxA2-gene-expression with significantly higher SLPI- than AnxA2-gene-expression. SLPI is decreased in non-smokers with a continuous AnxA2-surplus. HPV-status correlates with smoking habit, with smokers being mostly HPV-negative and non-smokers HPV-positive. We hypothesize that smoking leads to SLPI-overexpression with SLPI-binding to AnxA2. Thus, HPV cannot bind to AnxA2 but this seems pivotal for HPV-cell-entry. Smoking favors SLPI-expression resulting in HPV-negative carcinomas, while HPV-positive carcinomas are more common in non-smokers possibly due to a surplus of unbound AnxA2. In addition, the hypothesis may contribute to understand why smokers show increased oral HPV-prevalence in natural history studies but do not necessarily develop HPV-associated lesions.
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Ajila V, Shetty V, Subhas B, Hegde S. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and its role in virus induced head and neck cancers. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/asn1979936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Rodrigues LLS, Morgado MG, Sahasrabuddhe VV, De Paula VS, Oliveira NS, Chavez-Juan E, Da Silva DM, Kast WM, Nicol AF, Pilotto JH. Cervico-vaginal self-collection in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil: High acceptability, hrHPV diversity and risk factors. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 151:102-110. [PMID: 30087059 PMCID: PMC6151287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated acceptability of cervico-vaginal self-collection (CVSC) and prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study recruited 153 non-indigenous women (HIV-uninfected, n = 112 and HIV-infected, n = 41) who voluntarily sought assistance in health services. Peripheral blood for HIV screening and cervical scraping (CS) for HPV detection were collected. Women who accepted to perform CVSC received instructions and individual collection kits. Risk factors for high-risk HPV genotypes (hrHPV) were identified by uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The overall acceptability of CVSC was 87%. Only HIV-infected women had cytological abnormalities (12.2%). Prevalence of any HPV and hrHPV infection was 42.9% and 47.9% for HIV-uninfected and 97.6% and 77.5% for HIV-infected women, respectively. There was significant agreement in the detection of HPV (88%, 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.87) and hrHPV (79.7%, 0.56, 95% CI, 0.41-0.71) between self-collected and clinician-collected samples. The most prevalent hrHPV types were HPV16 and HPV18 in HIV-uninfected and HPV16, HPV51 and HPV59 in HIV-infected women. HIV-infected women with hrHPV infection had multiple hrHPV infections (p = 0.005) and lower CD4 count (p = 0.018). Risk factors for hrHPV infection included being HIV-infected and having five or more sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS CVSC had high acceptability and high prevalence of hrHPV types in women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana L S Rodrigues
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Mariza G Morgado
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Nathália S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Chavez-Juan
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Martin Kast
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alcina F Nicol
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, INI-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José H Pilotto
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Quabius ES, Loehr J, Haaser D, Günther V, Maass N, Röcken C, Mathiak M, Alkatout I, Hoffmann M. Smoking-Induced SLPI Expression Hinders HPV Infections Also in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Vulva. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:36-42. [PMID: 30267960 PMCID: PMC6161366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In HNSCC, protein- and mRNA-expression of the antileukoproteinase SLPI are significantly inverse correlated with HPV-infection suggesting that elevated expression of SLPI protects against HPV-infections. Moreover, SLPI-expression is up-regulated in HNSCC-patients reporting a smoking habit. Here, we investigate the described correlation in other HPV-driven cancers, namely vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). FFPE samples of 99 VSCC were analyzed by PCR for HPV-DNA-expression and by RT-qPCR for SLPI-mRNA-expression. Of 99 VSCC 10 (10.1%) are HPV-positive; 9 were HPV16; 1 HPV18; all were E6/E7 mRNA-positive. 33 of the 99 patients (33.3%) reported a smoking habit; 7 (21.1%) of these were HPV-positive. Of 66 (66.7%) non-smokers 3 (4.5%) were HPV-positive. SLPI-expression was 4.0-fold lower in HPV-positive than HPV-negative patients. Smoking resulted in 2.3-fold higher SLPI expression. The data presented here indicate that SLPI plays a pivotal role in HPV-infection not only in HNSCC but also in VSCC and possibly also in other HPV-driven cancers. This however, needs to be analyzed in future studies. Furthermore these data lead to the hypothesis that the smoking induced SLPI-increase is systemic rather than local, as assumed based on the HNSCC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgar S Quabius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; Institute of Immunology Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julius Loehr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Haaser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Veronika Günther
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nico Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute for Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Micaela Mathiak
- Institute for Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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McCloskey JC, Kast WM, Flexman JP, McCallum D, French MA, Phillips M. Syndemic synergy of HPV and other sexually transmitted pathogens in the development of high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2017; 4:90-98. [PMID: 29179876 PMCID: PMC5883243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) as a precursor to anal cancer. However, factors other than hrHPV are likely to be involved and further study of cofactors is required because of the possibility of syndemic interactions. Methods Three hundred and fourteen patients underwent 457 operations. Histopathology and hrHPV testing using the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2) method were performed. Demographic factors and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) were recorded. Results Results showed that hrHPV alone was associated with HSIL (OR = 4.65, p < 0.001). None of the other STIs were alone associated with HSIL but amplification of risk was found when hrHPV infection occurred with HIV (OR = 11.1); syphilis (OR = 5.58); HSV 2 (OR = 7.85); gonorrhoea (OR = 6.45) and some other infections. Conclusions These results suggest that hrHPV is a sufficient cause of anal HSIL. Seropositivity for HIV, HSV 2, T. pallidum, HBV and HCV and a history of gonorrhoea or chlamydia exert a powerful amplifying factor increasing the risk of HSIL above the risk with hrHPV alone. Other co-factors which are associated with an increased risk of HSIL are increased age, male gender, MSM behaviour and self-reported history of more than 50 sexual partners. This pattern of disease in patients with warts is characteristic of a syndemic with potential serious increased risk of anal carcinoma. High-risk HPV is a necessary and sufficient cause of progression from LSIL to HSIL. HIV, HSV 2, HBV and HCV are associated with an amplified risk of hrHPV induced HSIL. Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis are associated with increased odds HSIL. HSIL shows syndemic interaction patterns with STIs and behavioural/social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C McCloskey
- Sexual Health Services, Royal Perth Hospital; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - W Martin Kast
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - James P Flexman
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital; PathWest Laboratory Medicine, WA, Australia; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Dugald McCallum
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine (WA), Barry Marshall Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Martyn A French
- Medical School and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Australia.
| | - Michael Phillips
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Errata. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 73:e66. [PMID: 27792686 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rahman S, Pierce Campbell CM, Torres BN, O'Keefe MT, Ingles DJ, Villa LL, Carvalho da Silva RJ, Cintra RC, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmeron J, Quiterio M, Giuliano AR. Distribution and factors associated with salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations. Oral Dis 2016; 22:781-790. [PMID: 27470907 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study examined the distribution and correlates of salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations within a multinational cohort of men. METHODS Extracellular SLPI was measured in oral gargle cell supernatants of 378 men from three countries using an ELISA-based assay. Risk factor data were collected by a questionnaire. Factors associated with SLPI were assessed using linear and logistic regression for continuous and categorical SLPI, respectively. RESULTS Among men aged 18-73 years, the median SLPI concentration was 492.0 ng ml-1 (range: 2.3-1919.9). In multivariable modeling, men in Brazil and younger men (18-30 years) were more likely to have higher levels of SLPI [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94-7.59, and aOR 3.84; 95% CI: 1.98-7.43, respectively]. Men with a self-reported sexually transmitted diseases diagnosis in the past 6 months were more likely to have higher SLPI levels (aOR 2.98; 95% CI: 1.1-7.83) and men reporting bleeding/swollen gums were less likely to have higher SLPI (aOR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15-0.79). Similar results were observed for linear regression models. CONCLUSIONS Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations varied significantly by country and decreased with increasing age. The interaction between SLPI, modifiable factors, and oral infections that influence cancer risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C M Pierce Campbell
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - B N Torres
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M T O'Keefe
- Department of Performance Improvement, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D J Ingles
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L L Villa
- Department of Radiology & Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - R C Cintra
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - J Salmeron
- Instituto Nacional de Salúd Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - M Quiterio
- Instituto Nacional de Salúd Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - A R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Woodham AW, Skeate JG, Sanna AM, Taylor JR, Da Silva DM, Cannon PM, Kast WM. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016; 30:291-306. [PMID: 27410493 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2016.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, extensive research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has highlighted its capability to exploit a variety of strategies to enter and infect immune cells. Although CD4(+) T cells are well known as the major HIV target, with infection occurring through the canonical combination of the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) receptor and either the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) or C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) coreceptors, HIV has also been found to enter other important immune cell types such as macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, B cells, and granulocytes. Interestingly, the expression of distinct cellular cofactors partially regulates the rate in which HIV infects each distinct cell type. Furthermore, HIV can benefit from the acquisition of new proteins incorporated into its envelope during budding events. While several publications have investigated details of how HIV manipulates particular cell types or subtypes, an up-to-date comprehensive review on HIV tropism for different immune cells is lacking. Therefore, this review is meant to focus on the different receptors, coreceptors, and cofactors that HIV exploits to enter particular immune cells. Additionally, prophylactic approaches that have targeted particular molecules associated with HIV entry and infection of different immune cells will be discussed. Unveiling the underlying cellular receptors and cofactors that lead to HIV preference for specific immune cell populations is crucial in identifying novel preventative/therapeutic targets for comprehensive strategies to eliminate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Woodham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph G. Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana M. Sanna
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia R. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diane M. Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paula M. Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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