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Chen X, Zhang H, Feng J, Zhang L, Zheng M, Luo H, Zhuo H, Xu N, Zhang X, Chen C, Qu P, Li Y. Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity and Pathogenic Potential of Haemophilus seminalis and Emended Description of Haemophilus seminalis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0477222. [PMID: 37382545 PMCID: PMC10434262 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04772-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus seminalis is a newly proposed species that is phylogenetically related to Haemophilus haemolyticus. The distribution of H. seminalis in the human population, its genomic diversity, and its pathogenic potential are still unclear. This study reports the finding of our comparative genomic analyses of four newly isolated Haemophilus strains (SZY H8, SZY H35, SZY H36, and SZY H68) from human sputum specimens (Guangzhou, China) along with the publicly available genomes of other phylogenetically related Haemophilus species. Based on pairwise comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the four isolates showed <98.65% sequence identity to the type strains of all known Haemophilus species but were identified as belonging to H. seminalis, based on comparable phenotypic and genotypic features. Additionally, the four isolates showed high genome-genome relatedness indices (>95% ANI values) with 17 strains that were previously identified as either "Haemophilus intermedius" or hemin (X-factor)-independent H. haemolyticus and therefore required a more detailed classification study. Phylogenetically, these isolates, along with the two previously described H. seminalis isolates (a total of 23 isolates), shared a highly homologous lineage that is distinct from the clades of the main H. haemolyticus and Haemophilus influenzae strains. These isolates present an open pangenome with multiple virulence genes. Notably, all 23 isolates have a functional heme biosynthesis pathway that is similar to that of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. The phenotype of hemin (X-factor) independence and the analysis of the ispD, pepG, and moeA genes can be used to distinguish these isolates from H. haemolyticus and H. influenzae. Based on the above findings, we propose a reclassification for all "H. intermedius" and two H. haemolyticus isolates belonging to H. seminalis with an emended description of H. seminalis. This study provides a more accurate identification of Haemophilus isolates for use in the clinical laboratory and a better understanding of the clinical significance and genetic diversity in human environments. IMPORTANCE As a versatile opportunistic pathogen, the accurate identification of Haemophilus species is a challenge in clinical practice. In this study, we characterized the phenotypic and genotypic features of four H. seminalis strains that were isolated from human sputum specimens and propose the "H. intermedius" and hemin (X-factor)-independent H. haemolyticus isolates as belonging to H. seminalis. The prediction of virulence-related genes indicates that H. seminalis isolates carry several virulence genes that are likely to play an important role in its pathogenicity. In addition, we depict that the genes ispD, pepG, and moeA can be used as biomarkers for distinguishing H. seminalis from H. haemolyticus and H. influenzae. Our findings provide some insights into the identification, epidemiology, genetic diversity, pathogenic potential, and antimicrobial resistance of the newly proposed H. seminalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hexian Memorial Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Feng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minling Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haimin Luo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hexian Memorial Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Xu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinghua Qu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youqiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hexian Memorial Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang R, Huang C, Yang W, Wang C, Wang P, Guo L, Cao J, Huang L, Song H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shi G. Respiratory microbiota and radiomics features in the stable COPD patients. Respir Res 2023; 24:131. [PMID: 37173744 PMCID: PMC10176953 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The respiratory microbiota and radiomics correlate with the disease severity and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to characterize the respiratory microbiota and radiomics features of COPD patients and explore the relationship between them. METHODS Sputa from stable COPD patients were collected for bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Chest computed tomography (CT) and 3D-CT analysis were conducted for radiomics information, including the percentages of low attenuation area below - 950 Hounsfield Units (LAA%), wall thickness (WT), and intraluminal area (Ai). WT and Ai were adjusted by body surface area (BSA) to WT/[Formula: see text] and Ai/BSA, respectively. Some key pulmonary function indicators were collected, which included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion lung carbon monoxide (DLco). Differences and correlations of microbiomics with radiomics and clinical indicators between different patient subgroups were assessed. RESULTS Two bacterial clusters dominated by Streptococcus and Rothia were identified. Chao and Shannon indices were higher in the Streptococcus cluster than that in the Rothia cluster. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences between their community structures. Higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria was detected in the Rothia cluster. Some genera were more common in the Streptococcus cluster, mainly including Leptotrichia, Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcus. Peptostreptococcus was positively correlated with DLco per unit of alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted value (DLco/VA%pred). The patients with past-year exacerbations were more in the Streptococcus cluster. Fungal analysis revealed two clusters dominated by Aspergillus and Candida. Chao and Shannon indices of the Aspergillus cluster were higher than that in the Candida cluster. PCoA showed distinct community compositions between the two clusters. Greater abundance of Cladosporium and Penicillium was found in the Aspergillus cluster. The patients of the Candida cluster had upper FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels. In radiomics, the patients of the Rothia cluster had higher LAA% and WT/[Formula: see text] than those of the Streptococcus cluster. Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon positively correlated with Ai/BSA, but Cladosporium negatively correlated with Ai/BSA. CONCLUSIONS Among respiratory microbiota in stable COPD patients, Streptococcus dominance was associated with an increased risk of exacerbation, and Rothia dominance was relevant to worse emphysema and airway lesions. Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon probably affected COPD progression and potentially could be disease prediction biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Leixin Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejie Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Xirogianni A, Georgakopoulou T, Patsourakos V, Magaziotou I, Papandreou A, Simantirakis S, Tzanakaki G. Impact of a Single-Tube PCR Assay for the Detection of Haemophilus influenzae Serotypes a, c, d, e and f on the Epidemiological Surveillance in Greece. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071367. [PMID: 35889086 PMCID: PMC9322709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The decrease in the rate of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b after vaccine introduction and a possible change in epidemiology of H. influenzae disease highlights the need for continuous serotype surveillance. Methods: A single-tube multiplex PCR assay for serotyping of H. influenzae was developed and deployed. Results: During 2003−2020, 108 meningitis cases due to H. influenzae were notified; 86 (80%) were confirmed and serotyped by molecular methods. The overall specificity and sensitivity of the assay were estimated (100% PPV and NPV respectively). The overall mean annual reported incidence for H. influenzae was 0.02, while for Hib and non-b meningitis equaled 0.02 and 0.03 per 100 000, respectively. Analysis by age group revealed that H. influenzae peaks in toddlers and children 0−4 years and in adults >45 years old. Among the serotyped cases, 39.8% were identified as Hib, 46.3% as NTHi, and 0.9% and 2.8% as serotypes a (Hia) and f (Hif)) respectively. Conclusions: Low incidence due to Hib was observed while non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) and serotypes Hia and Hif seem to emerge. The application of the current assay discloses the ongoing change of invasive H. influenzae disease trends during the Hib post-vaccine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Xirogianni
- National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.X.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Theano Georgakopoulou
- Department of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), 15123 Athens, Greece; (T.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Vassileios Patsourakos
- National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.X.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Ioanna Magaziotou
- Department of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), 15123 Athens, Greece; (T.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Anastasia Papandreou
- National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.X.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Stelmos Simantirakis
- National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.X.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Georgina Tzanakaki
- National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.X.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-20-10-267
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Chen R, Sun W, Zhang Y, Qiao H, Chang Y, Kang S, Zhang Y. Mucosal immunity of mannose-modified chitosan microspheres loaded with the nontyepable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein P6 in BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269153. [PMID: 35687548 PMCID: PMC9187061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nasopharynx. NTHi infections result in enormous global morbidity in two clinical settings: otitis media in children and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Thus, there is an urgent need to design and develop effective vaccines to prevent morbidity and reduce antibiotic use. The NTHi outer membrane protein P6, a potential vaccine candidate, is highly conserved and effectively induces protective immunity. Here, to enhance mucosal immune responses, P6-loaded mannose-modified chitosan (MC) microspheres (P6-MCMs) were developed for mucosal delivery. MC (18.75%) was synthesized by the reductive amination reaction method using sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN), and P6-MCMs with an average size of 590.4±16.2 nm were successfully prepared via the tripolyphosphate (TPP) ionotropic gelation process. After intranasal immunization with P6-MCMs, evaluation of humoral immune responses indicated that P6-MCMs enhance both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Evaluation of cellular immune responses indicated that P6-MCMs enhance cellular immunity and trigger a mixed Th1/Th2-type immune response. Importantly, P6-MCMs also trigger a Th17-type immune response. They are effective in promoting lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation without toxicity in vitro. The results also demonstrate that P6-MCMs can effectively induce MHC class I- and II-restricted cross-presentation, promoting CD4+-mediated Th immune responses and CD8+-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses. Evaluation of protective immunity indicated that immunization with P6-MCMs can reduce inflammation in the nasal mucosa and the lung and prevent NTHi infection. In conclusion, MCMs are a promising adjuvant-delivery system for vaccines against NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Ma
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wanru Sun
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haixia Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yueli Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shaoping Kang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yutuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Cloning and Characterization of Immunological Properties of Haemophilus influenzae Enolase. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6629824. [PMID: 34222496 PMCID: PMC8225457 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6629824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a common organism of the human upper respiratory tract; this bacterium is responsible of a wide spectrum for respiratory infections and can generate invasive diseases such as meningitis and septicemia. These infections are associated with H. influenzae encapsulated serotype b. However, the incidence of invasive disease caused by nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) has increased in the post-H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine era. Currently, an effective vaccine against NTHi is not available; due to this, it is important to find an antigen capable to confer protection against NTHi infection. In this study, 10 linear B cell epitopes and 13 CTL epitopes and a putative plasminogen-binding motif (252FYNKENGMY260) and the presence of enolase on the surface of different strains of H. influenzae were identified in the enolase sequence of H. influenzae. Both in silico and experimental results showed that recombinant enolase from H. influenzae is immunogenic that could induce a humoral immune response; this was observed mediating the generation of specific polyclonal antibodies anti-rNTHiENO that recognize typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae strains. The immunogenic properties and the superficial localization of enolase in H. influenzae, important characteristics to be considered as a new candidate for the development of a vaccine, were demonstrated.
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Li XX, Xiao SZ, Gu FF, He WP, Ni YX, Han LZ. Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Adult Patients in Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2020; 8:95. [PMID: 32292774 PMCID: PMC7135888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The serotype and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in adult patients have changed due to the application of antimicrobials and H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine worldwide. However, the epidemiologic characteristics of H. influenzae in Shanghai are still unavailable. Objective: To determine the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence type (MLST) of H. influenzae in adult patients in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 51 clinical isolates from adult patients were consecutively collected. Serotypes were determined according to specific capsule gene, bexA, amplified by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by the broth microdilution method. β-lactamase production was detected by cefinase disk and the ftsI gene were amplified and sequenced to determine the penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) mutation. Molecular epidemiology was performed by MLST analyses. Results: All isolates studied were nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) and three of them (5.88%) caused invasive infection. The resistant rates of ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were both 45.10%. One third of these isolates produced TEM-1 type β-lactamase and 11.76% were β-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant strains (BLNAR). The PBP3 mutation was detected in 74.51% of the isolates, of which 12 belonged to group III. A total of 36 sequence types (STs) were identified among all isolates. Four isolates of ST103 (7.84%) all produced β-lactamase without mutation of PBP3. Conclusion:H. influenzae infections among adults in Shanghai are predominately caused by NTHi with genetic diversity among adult patients. The prevalence of both β-lactamase production and PBP3 mutation may contribute to high ampicillin resistance rate in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Xiao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Fei Gu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping He
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xing Ni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhong Han
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Thofte O, Kaur R, Su YC, Brant M, Rudin A, Hood D, Riesbeck K. Anti-EF-Tu IgG titers increase with age and may contribute to protection against the respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:490-499. [PMID: 30566236 PMCID: PMC6491980 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a pathogen that commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of preschool children, causing opportunistic infections including acute otitis media (AOM). Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are persistently colonized with NTHi and occasionally suffer from exacerbations by the bacterium leading to increased morbidity. Elongation‐factor thermo unstable (EF‐Tu), a protein critical for bacterial protein synthesis, has been found to moonlight on the surface of several bacteria. Here, we show that antibodies against NTHi EF‐Tu were present in children already at 18 months of age, and that the IgG antibody titers increased with age. Children harboring NTHi in the nasopharynx also displayed significantly higher IgG concentrations. Interestingly, children suffering from AOM had significantly higher anti‐EF‐Tu IgG levels when NTHi was the causative agent. Human sera recognized mainly the central and C‐terminal part of the EF‐Tu molecule and peptide‐based epitope mapping confirmed similar binding patterns for sera from humans and immunized mice. Immunization of BALB/c and otitis‐prone Junbo (C3H/HeH) mice promoted lower infection rates in the nasopharynx and middle ear, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that IgG directed against NTHi EF‐Tu may play an important role in the host immune response against NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Thofte
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marta Brant
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Immunology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Derek Hood
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Thofte O, Su YC, Brant M, Littorin N, Duell BL, Alvarado V, Jalalvand F, Riesbeck K. EF-Tu From Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Is an Immunogenic Surface-Exposed Protein Targeted by Bactericidal Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2910. [PMID: 30619274 PMCID: PMC6305414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a commensal organism in pre-school children, is an opportunistic pathogen causing respiratory tract infections including acute otitis media. Adults suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are persistently colonized by NTHi. Previous research has suggested that, in some bacterial species, the intracellular elongation factor thermo-unstable (EF-Tu) can moonlight as a surface protein upon host encounter. The aim of this study was to determine whether EF-Tu localizes to the surface of H. influenzae, and if such surface-associated EF-Tu is a target for bactericidal antibodies. Using flow cytometry, transmission immunoelectron microscopy, and epitope mapping, we demonstrated that EF-Tu is exposed at the surface of NTHi, and identified immunodominant epitopes of this protein. Rabbits immunized with whole-cell NTHi produced significantly more immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against EF-Tu than against the NTHi outer membrane proteins D and F as revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Chemical cleavage of NTHi EF-Tu by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) followed by immunoblotting showed that the immunodominant epitopes were located within the central and C-terminal regions of the protein. Peptide epitope mapping by dot blot analysis further revealed four different immunodominant peptide sequences; EF-Tu41−65, EF-Tu161−185, EF-Tu221−245, and EF-Tu281−305. These epitopes were confirmed to be surface-exposed and accessible by peptide-specific antibodies in flow cytometry. We also analyzed whether antibodies raised against NTHi EF-Tu cross-react with other respiratory tract pathogens. Anti-EF-Tu IgG significantly detected EF-Tu on unencapsulated bacteria, including the Gram-negative H. parainfluenzae, H. haemolyticus, Moraxella catarrhalis and various Gram-positive Streptococci of the oral microbiome. In contrast, considerably less EF-Tu was observed at the surface of encapsulated bacteria including H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (e.g., serotype 3 and 4). Removal of the capsule, as exemplified by Hib RM804, resulted in increased EF-Tu surface density. Finally, anti-NTHi EF-Tu IgG promoted complement-dependent bacterial killing of NTHi and other unencapsulated Gram-negative bacteria as well as opsonophagocytosis of Gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that NTHi EF-Tu is surface-exposed and recognized by antibodies mediating host innate immunity against NTHi in addition to other unencapsulated respiratory tract bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Thofte
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marta Brant
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Littorin
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Luke Duell
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vera Alvarado
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Farshid Jalalvand
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Fan X, Liu X, Ji L, Cai D, Jiang J, Zhu J, Sun A, Yan J. Epidemiological analysis and rapid detection by one-step multiplex PCR assay of Haemophilus influenzae in children with respiratory tract infections in Zhejiang Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:414. [PMID: 30134854 PMCID: PMC6103868 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing respiratory tract infection diseases in children. There are two main types of H. influenzae, encapsulated H. influenzae and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). Serotype b of H. influenzae (Hib) used to be the main epidemic type of H. influenzae, causing the invasive infection. However, the epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae disease has changed substantially, and most invasive diseases are now caused by NTHi and other serotypes of H. influenzae. The aim of this study was to determine the main epidemic strains of H. influenzae in Zhejiang Province in China, and establish a one-step multiplex PCR assay to distinguish H. influenzae from other bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections, and distinguish encapsulated H. influenzae from NTHi. Method In this study, bacterial culture and serum agglutination testing were used to determine the most prevalent serotype of H. influenzae, and the results have served as a gold standard for clinical diagnosis. We also designed a one-step multiplex PCR assay using several kinds of standard strains of respiratory tract infection bacteria, to examine the stability, specificity, and detection limit of the PCR assays. We then used 1514 nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples collected from children with respiratory tract infections to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the PCR assay. Results The bacterial culture and serum agglutination test results showed that the positive rates of H. influenzae and encapsulated H. influenzae were 18.49 and 1.18%, respectively. The PCR results showed that the detection limit of the multiplex PCR assay was 1.89 × 103 copies /μL, the ompP6 positive rate was 19.35%, and the bexA positive rate was 1.32%. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR were 100 and 99.86%, respectively. Conclusions According to our study, the most prevalent H. influenzae subtype in Zhejiang Province was NTHi, account for 93.57%; the one-step multiplex PCR assay we established can be used as the differential detection of clinical H. influenzae strains, replacing routine bacterial culture and serum agglutination testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Fan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310031, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Damin Cai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinqin Jiang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310031, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Phosphocholine-Modified Lipooligosaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae Inhibit ATP-Induced IL-1β Release by Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081979. [PMID: 30096783 PMCID: PMC6222299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphocholine-modified bacterial cell wall components are virulence factors enabling immune evasion and permanent colonization of the mammalian host, by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that free phosphocholine (PC) and PC-modified lipooligosaccharides (PC-LOS) from Haemophilus influenzae, an opportunistic pathogen of the upper and lower airways, function as unconventional nicotinic agonists and efficiently inhibit the ATP-induced release of monocytic IL-1β. We hypothesize that H. influenzae PC-LOS exert similar effects on pulmonary epithelial cells and on the complex lung tissue. The human lung carcinoma-derived epithelial cell lines A549 and Calu-3 were primed with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli followed by stimulation with ATP in the presence or absence of PC or PC-LOS or LOS devoid of PC. The involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors was tested using specific antagonists. We demonstrate that PC and PC-LOS efficiently inhibit ATP-mediated IL-1β release by A549 and Calu-3 cells via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing subunits α7, α9, and/or α10. Primed precision-cut lung slices behaved similarly. We conclude that H. influenzae hijacked an endogenous anti-inflammatory cholinergic control mechanism of the lung to evade innate immune responses of the host. These findings may pave the way towards a host-centered antibiotic treatment of chronic airway infections with H. influenzae.
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11
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Jalalvand F, Riesbeck K. Update on non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-mediated disease and vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:503-512. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1484286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Jalalvand
- Centre for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Hakansson AP, Orihuela CJ, Bogaert D. Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:781-811. [PMID: 29488821 PMCID: PMC5966719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that respiratory infections are the direct result of acquisition of pathogenic viruses or bacteria, followed by their overgrowth, dissemination, and in some instances tissue invasion. In the last decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to this classical view, the majority of microorganisms associated with respiratory infections and inflammation are actually common members of the respiratory ecosystem and only in rare circumstances do they cause disease. This suggests that a complex interplay between host, environment, and properties of colonizing microorganisms together determines disease development and its severity. To understand the pathophysiological processes that underlie respiratory infectious diseases, it is therefore necessary to understand the host-bacterial interactions occurring at mucosal surfaces, along with the microbes inhabiting them, during symbiosis. Current knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during asymptomatic colonization will be discussed, including a plausible role for the human microbiome in maintaining a healthy state. With this as a starting point, we will discuss possible disruptive factors contributing to dysbiosis, which is likely to be a key trigger for pathobionts in the development and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Finally, from this renewed perspective, we will reflect on current and potential new approaches for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C J Orihuela
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D Bogaert
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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13
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Riesbeck K. Inhaled Corticosteroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Two-Edged Sword. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:1177-1178. [PMID: 27845580 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201605-0942ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Riesbeck
- 1 Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malmö, Sweden
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14
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Momen SB, Siadat SD, Akbari N, Ranjbar B, Khajeh K. Applying Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Growth and Biomass Production of Haemophilus influenzae Type b. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e25246. [PMID: 27630761 PMCID: PMC5011407 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, cellulitis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis in infants and young children. The Hib capsule contains the major virulence factor, and is composed of polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) that can induce immune system response. Vaccines consisting of Hib capsular polysaccharide (PRP) conjugated to a carrier protein are effective in the prevention of the infections. However, due to costly processes in PRP production, these vaccines are too expensive. Objectives To enhance biomass, in this research we focused on optimizing Hib growth with respect to physical factors such as pH, temperature, and agitation by using a response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods We employed a central composite design (CCD) and a response surface methodology to determine the optimum cultivation conditions for growth and biomass production of H. influenzae type b. The treatment factors investigated were initial pH, agitation, and temperature, using shaking flasks. After Hib cultivation and determination of dry biomass, analysis of experimental data was performed by the RSM-CCD. Results The model showed that temperature and pH had an interactive effect on Hib biomass production. The dry biomass produced in shaking flasks was about 5470 mg/L, which was under an initial pH of 8.5, at 250 rpm and 35° C. Conclusions We found CCD and RSM very effective in optimizing Hib culture conditions, and Hib biomass production was greatly influenced by pH and incubation temperature. Therefore, optimization of the growth factors to maximize Hib production can lead to 1) an increase in bacterial biomass and PRP productions, 2) lower vaccine prices, 3) vaccination of more susceptible populations, and 4) lower risk of Hib infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Bahman Momen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat-Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Neda Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, IR Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat-Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat-Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Khosro Khajeh, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat-Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182884717, Fax: +98-2182884718, E-mail:
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15
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Duell BL, Su YC, Riesbeck K. Host-pathogen interactions of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: from commensal to pathogen. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3840-3853. [PMID: 27508518 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a commensal microbe often isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract. This bacterial species can cause sinusitis, acute otitis media in preschool children, exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as conjunctivitis and bacteremia. Since the introduction of a vaccine against H. influenzae serotype b in the 1990s, the burden of H. influenzae-related infections has been increasingly dominated by NTHi. Understanding the ability of NTHi to cause infection is currently an expanding area of study. NTHi is able to exert differential binding to the host tissue through the use of a broad range of adhesins. NTHi survival in the host is multifaceted, that is, using virulence factors involved in complement resistance, biofilm, modified immunoglobulin responses, and, finally, formation and utilization of host proteins as a secondary strategy of increasing the adhesive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Luke Duell
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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16
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Dagan R, Pelton S, Bakaletz L, Cohen R. Prevention of early episodes of otitis media by pneumococcal vaccines might reduce progression to complex disease. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:480-92. [PMID: 27036355 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media is a common childhood infection of the middle ear and a major cause of morbidity. This multifactorial disease manifests as a spectrum of clinical syndromes from uncomplicated acute otitis media to more complex recurrent and chronic cases (frequently polymicrobial), with the major pathogens involved being Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) target only a few serotypes that cause otitis media; however, results from studies suggest that existing PCVs can prevent early episodes of disease associated with vaccine serotypes, resulting in a reduction of subsequent complex cases caused by non-vaccine serotypes and other otopathogens, which contribute considerably to the disease burden. In this Review, we discuss the role of pneumococcus in the disease continuum and assess clinical evidence showing the effect of prevention of early episodes on the complex interplay between bacterial species implicated in otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Dagan
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | | | - Lauren Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert Cohen
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, and Unité Court Séjour, Petits Nourrissons, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France
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17
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Pickering JL, Prosser A, Corscadden KJ, de Gier C, Richmond PC, Zhang G, Thornton RB, Kirkham LAS. Haemophilus haemolyticus Interaction with Host Cells Is Different to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Prevents NTHi Association with Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:50. [PMID: 27242968 PMCID: PMC4860508 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an opportunistic pathogen that resides in the upper respiratory tract and contributes to a significant burden of respiratory related diseases in children and adults. Haemophilus haemolyticus is a respiratory tract commensal that can be misidentified as NTHi due to high levels of genetic relatedness. There are reports of invasive disease from H. haemolyticus, which further blurs the species boundary with NTHi. To investigate differences in pathogenicity between these species, we optimized an in vitro epithelial cell model to compare the interaction of 10 H. haemolyticus strains with 4 NTHi and 4 H. influenzae-like haemophili. There was inter- and intra-species variability but overall, H. haemolyticus had reduced capacity to attach to and invade nasopharyngeal and bronchoalveolar epithelial cell lines (D562 and A549) within 3 h when compared with NTHi. H. haemolyticus was cytotoxic to both cell lines at 24 h, whereas NTHi was not. Nasopharyngeal epithelium challenged with some H. haemolyticus strains released high levels of inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8, whereas NTHi did not elicit an inflammatory response despite higher levels of cell association and invasion. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with H. haemolyticus or NTHi released similar and high levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNFα when compared with unstimulated cells but only NTHi elicited an IFNγ response. Due to the relatedness of H. haemolyticus and NTHi, we hypothesized that H. haemolyticus may compete with NTHi for colonization of the respiratory tract. We observed that in vitro pre-treatment of epithelial cells with H. haemolyticus significantly reduced NTHi attachment, suggesting interference or competition between the two species is possible and warrants further investigation. In conclusion, H. haemolyticus interacts differently with host cells compared to NTHi, with different immunostimulatory and cytotoxic properties. This study provides an in vitro model for further investigation into the pathogenesis of Haemophilus species and the foundation for exploring whether H. haemolyticus can be used to prevent NTHi disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa L Pickering
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Amy Prosser
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karli J Corscadden
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla de Gier
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for ChildrenPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth B Thornton
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Lea-Ann S Kirkham
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
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18
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Serum Concentrations of Antibodies against Outer Membrane Protein P6, Protein D, and T- and B-Cell Combined Antigenic Epitopes of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Children and Adults of Different Ages. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 23:155-61. [PMID: 26677200 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00506-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is one of the most common etiologies of acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis, and pneumonia. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the main focus in new vaccine development against NTHi, as the H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine does not cover noncapsulated NTHi. The OMPs P6 and protein D are the most promising candidate antigens for an NTHi vaccine, and low antibody levels against them in serum may be correlated with infection caused by NTHi. In the current study, we measured the antibody titers against P6, protein D, and their T- and B-cell combined peptide epitopes in healthy individuals of different ages. We found that children <1 month old had the lowest antibody levels against NTHi P6, protein D, and their T- and B-cell combined antigenic epitopes. Antibody titers increased at ages 1 to 6 months, peaked at 7 months to 3 years, and remained high at 4 to 6 years. The antibody titers started to decrease after 6 years and were the lowest in the 21- to 30-year group. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of T- and B-cell combined antigenic epitopes in P6 and protein D were positively correlated with those of the protein antigens. Among 12 peptides tested, P6-61, P6-123, and protein D-167 epitopes were better recognized than others in human serum. These findings might contribute to the development of an effective serotype-independent vaccine for H. influenzae.
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19
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Al-Jubair T, Mukherjee O, Oosterhuis S, Singh B, Su YC, Fleury C, Blom AM, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Riesbeck K. Haemophilus influenzae Type f Hijacks Vitronectin Using Protein H To Resist Host Innate Immunity and Adhere to Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5688-95. [PMID: 26538390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease has significantly decreased since the introduction of an efficient vaccine against Hib. However, in contrast to Hib, infections caused by H. influenzae serotype f (Hif) are emerging. We recently did a whole genome sequencing of an invasive Hif isolate, and reported that Hif interacts with factor H by expressing protein H (PH). In this study, upon screening with various human complement regulators, we revealed that PH is also a receptor for vitronectin (Vn), an abundant plasma protein that regulates the terminal pathway of the human complement system in addition to being a component of the extracellular matrix. Bacterial Vn binding was significantly reduced when the lph gene encoding PH was deleted in an invasive Hif isolate. The dissociation constant (KD) of the interaction between recombinant PH and Vn was 2.2 μM, as revealed by Biolayer interferometry. We found that PH has different regions for simultaneous interaction with both Vn and factor H, and that it recognized the C-terminal part of Vn (aa 352-362). Importantly, PH-dependent Vn binding resulted in better survival of the wild-type Hif or PH-expressing Escherichia coli when exposed to human serum. Finally, we observed that PH mediated an increased bacterial adherence to alveolar epithelial cells in the presence of Vn. In conclusion, our study reveals that PH most likely plays an important role in Hif pathogenesis by increasing serum resistance and adhesion to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Al-Jubair
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oindrilla Mukherjee
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sharon Oosterhuis
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Birendra Singh
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christophe Fleury
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; and
| | | | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
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20
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Identification of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Isolates by Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2215-24. [PMID: 25926500 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00137-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is, in contrast to non-type b H. influenzae, associated with severe invasive disease, such as meningitis and epiglottitis, in small children. To date, accurate H. influenzae capsule typing requires PCR, a time-consuming and cumbersome method. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) provides rapid bacterial diagnostics and is increasingly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. Here, MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated as a novel approach to separate Hib from other H. influenzae. PCR-verified Hib and non-Hib reference isolates were selected based on genetic and spectral characteristics. Mass spectra of reference isolates were acquired and used to generate different classification algorithms for Hib/non-Hib differentiation using both ClinProTools and the MALDI Biotyper software. A test series of mass spectra from 33 Hib and 77 non-Hib isolates, all characterized by PCR, was used to evaluate the algorithms. Several algorithms yielded good results, but the two best were a ClinProTools model based on 22 separating peaks and subtyping main spectra (MSPs) using MALDI Biotyper. The ClinProTools model had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99%, and the results were 98% reproducible using a different MALDI-TOF MS instrument. The Biotyper subtyping MSPs had a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 100%, and 93% reproducibility. Our results suggest that it is possible to use MALDI-TOF MS to differentiate Hib from other H. influenzae. This is a promising method for rapidly identifying Hib in unvaccinated populations and for the screening and surveillance of Hib carriage in vaccinated populations.
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21
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Complete Genome Sequence of Haemophilus influenzae Strain 375 from the Middle Ear of a Pediatric Patient with Otitis Media. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/6/e01245-14. [PMID: 25477405 PMCID: PMC4256186 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01245-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Originally isolated from a pediatric patient with otitis media, Haemophilus influenzae strain 375 (Hi375) has been extensively studied as a model system for intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells and other pathogenesis traits. Here, we report its complete genome sequence and methylome.
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