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Mageau A, Ambert-Balay K, Boutolleau D, Schuffenecker I, Burrel S, Kaplon J, Nguyen Quoc S, Uzunov M, Souchet L, de Rougemont A, Roos-Weil D, Baron M. Norovirus and sapovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: is it worth it to look for them? Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1295-1303. [PMID: 37165601 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2211186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and Sapovirus (SaV) are potential causative agents of diarrhea after allogeneic HSCT but little is known in this population. We performed a retrospective analysis by RT-PCR of calicivirus (NoV and SaV), Human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus (RV), Aichi virus (AiV), enterovirus (EV), human parechovirus (HPeV) and Human bocavirus (HBoV) in the diarrheal stools of patients after allogeneic HSCT. 49/162 patients had positive viral assays: HAdV (17%), EV (7%), NoV (4.3%), RV and HBoV (3.1% each), SaV (1.9%), AiV (1.2%), HPeV (0.6%). Seven patients were positive for NoV and 3 for SaV. Among viruses-positive samples, the frequency of caliciviruses cases was 7% in the 6 months post-HSCT compared to 40% after (p < 0.0001). The median duration of symptom was 0.7 months but 2 cases, occurring more than one year after HSCT, were chronic, undiagnosed and strongly contributed to morbidity. Systematic testing of caliciviruses appears especially useful in late chronic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Mageau
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'hématologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Katia Ambert-Balay
- Centre National de Référence virus des gastro-entérites, Laboratoire de virologie-sérologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - David Boutolleau
- Sorbonne Université, Service de virologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Isabelle Schuffenecker
- Centre National de Référence des Entérovirus et Paréchovirus, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Nord, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Sonia Burrel
- Sorbonne Université, Service de virologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Jérome Kaplon
- Centre National de Référence virus des gastro-entérites, Laboratoire de virologie-sérologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Nguyen Quoc
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'hématologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Madalina Uzunov
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'hématologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Laetitia Souchet
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'hématologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Alexis de Rougemont
- Centre National de Référence virus des gastro-entérites, Laboratoire de virologie-sérologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Damien Roos-Weil
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'hématologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
| | - Marine Baron
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'hématologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, APHP, Paris
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Wang Y, Zhang L. The clinical value and prognosis of pathogenic microorganism detection in the diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea in children. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:154-156. [PMID: 36149337 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China -
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Vega AD, Abbo LM. Rapid molecular testing for antimicrobial stewardship and solid organ transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13913. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana D. Vega
- Jackson Health System Department of Pharmacy, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Miami Florida USA
| | - Lilian M. Abbo
- Jackson Health System Department of Pharmacy, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Miami Florida USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Miami Transplant Institute. University of Miami Miami Florida USA
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Sood N, Carbell G, Greenwald HS, Friedenberg FK. Is the Medium Still the Message? Culture-Independent Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infections. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:16-25. [PMID: 34846676 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diarrhea is caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasitic organisms. Though the causative agent of diarrhea has historically been evaluated via stool cultures, recently, culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDT) have been developed and utilized with increasing frequency. Current practice guidelines recommend their use as adjuncts to stool cultures for diagnosing acute and chronic diarrhea. The three principal CIDT are microscopy, enzyme-based immunoassays (EIAs), and molecular based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This review explores the common causes of infectious diarrhea, the basics of stool culture, the diagnostic utility of these three culture-independent modalities, and the strengths and weaknesses of all currently available clinical techniques. It also outlines considerations for specific populations including returning travelers and those with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary Carbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly S Greenwald
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank K Friedenberg
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Identification of two potential aetiological agents of chronic diarrhoea in an immunocompromised patient in Cuba using conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 192:106376. [PMID: 34798175 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of diarrhoea in a patient in Cuba with HIV was investigated. Although molecular diagnostics are still not used in many under-resourced settings, here traditional methods were supported by use of PCR. This approach enabled detection of a dual infection (Cystoisospora belli and Enterocytozoon bieneusi), the latter of which was not identified by microscopy with Didier's trichromic staining.
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Liao Y, Hong X, Wu A, Jiang Y, Liang Y, Gao J, Xue L, Kou X. Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of acute gastroenteritis from 1997 to 2021: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105259. [PMID: 34687838 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide response towards the acute gastroenteritis epidemic was well known, but the absence of an updated systematic review of global norovirus epidemiology in cases of gastroenteritis existed. We aimed to conduct and update a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing norovirus prevalence among gastroenteritis patients worldwide. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for epidemiological papers from 2014 to 2021 which applied the PCR method to access the prevalence of norovirus in acute gastroenteritis patients more than a full year. Statistical analysis was conducted using R-4.0.0 software. RESULTS A total of 405 records with 842, 926 cases were included. The pooled prevalence of norovirus was 16% (95%CI 15, 17). Children under 5 years old were at a higher risk with norovirus. A higher prevalence was seen in South America (22%, 95% CI 18, 27), while other continents showed a similar result with the overall prevalence of norovirus. No association was found between national income level and norovirus prevalence. A gradient of decreasing prevalence was noticed from community (20%, 95% CI 16, 24) to outpatients (18%, 95% CI 16, 20) to hospital setting (included both in- and outpatients, 17%, 95% CI 16, 19) to inpatients (15%, 95% CI 13, 17). CONCLUSION Norovirus were associated with 16% acute gastroenteritis globally. To fully understand the prevalence of norovirus worldwide, the continual surveillance of norovirus epidemics was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Liao
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Hong
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiwu Wu
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueting Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Junshan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Kou
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Non LR, Ince D. Infectious Gastroenteritis in Transplant Patients. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:415-430. [PMID: 34024449 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious gastroenteritis is common after transplantation and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. A wide range of organisms can lead to gastroenteritis in this patient population. Clostridioides difficile, cytomegalovirus, and norovirus are the most common pathogens. Newer diagnostic methods, especially multiplex polymerase chain reaction, have increased the diagnostic yield of infectious etiologies. In this review, we describe the epidemiology and risk factors for common infectious pathogens leading to gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemuel R Non
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, GH SW34, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dilek Ince
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, GH SE418, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Sharma A, Bhardwaj A, Mathur RP. Incidence and Causes of Late Hospital Readmissions After Living Donor Renal Transplant: A Retrospective Study. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:420-424. [PMID: 33877037 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our primary aim was to find the incidence, causes, and factors responsible for late hospital readmissions. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 185 patients included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with late readmission after discharge and those with no late readmission. Inpatient records and charts were assessed for the medical status of the patients, cause of chronic kidney disease, comorbidities, vintage and modality of dialysis, and hospital admissions 3 months before transplant. Collected patient data included recipient age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, hepatitis C status, donor age, methods of immunosuppression and induction, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications and secondary procedures, number, duration, and causes of hospital readmission after transplant, and methods of evaluation and management during readmission. RESULTS There were 80 patients who received 127 late hospital readmissions. The most common cause of late hospital readmission was infection, which led to 45 admissions (35.43%). Of 45 admissions for infections, 18 were caused by urinary tract infections. Other reasons for admission were pneumonia (10 admissions), cytomegalovirus infection (11 admissions), and tuberculosis (6 admissions). The second most common cause of readmission was infectious or noninfectious diarrhea, which led to 29 admissions (22.88%). There were 28 late hospital readmissions (22.4%) for the evaluation or management of graft dysfunction. Newonset diabetes after transplant and febrile illness were causes of late hospital readmission in 8 cases each (6.9%), with 9 late hospital readmissions (7.08%) the result of other causes. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of late hospital readmission is high (43.2%), and the most common cause is infection, particularly urinary tract infections. Age of the recipient and early hospital readmission are predictive factors for late hospital readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Sharma
- From the Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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