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Xu M, Liu J, Liu Q, Gong Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi S, Shi Y. Preliminary study on early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 transgenic mice using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1326394. [PMID: 38419647 PMCID: PMC10899441 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1326394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has an insidious onset and lacks clear early diagnostic markers, and by the time overt dementia symptoms appear, the disease is already in the mid-to-late stages. The search for early diagnostic markers of AD may open a critical window for Alzheimer's treatment and facilitate early intervention to slow the progression of AD. In this study, we aimed to explore the imaging markers for early diagnosis of AD through the combined application of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques at the animal experimental level, with the aim to provide a certain reference for early clinical diagnosis of AD. First, sMRI scans were performed on 4-month-old amyloid beta precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic AD model mice and wild type mice of the same litter using a 7.0 T animal MRI scanner to analyze the differential brain regions with structural changes in the gray matter of the brain by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Next, rs-fMRI scans were performed to analyze the differential brain regions between groups for local spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions. Finally, 1H-MRS scans were performed to quantify and analyze intergroup differences in the relative concentrations of different metabolites within regions of interest (cortex and hippocampus). Compared with wild type mice, the volume of the left hippocampus, and right olfactory bulb of APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice were reduced, the functional activity of the bilateral hippocampus, right piriform cortex and right caudate putamen was reduced, the functional network connectivity of the hippocampus was impaired, and the relative content of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)in the hippocampus was decreased. In addition, this study found that imaging changes in olfactory-related brain regions were closely associated with AD diagnosis, and these findings may provide some reference for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jipeng Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shufeng Shi
- Department of Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Cell Valley Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and metabolic alterations in the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101503. [PMID: 34751136 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that metabolic changes in the brain associated with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathophysiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neural signatures associated with these metabolic alterations and underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Accordingly, we reviewed the literature on in vivo human brain 1H and 31P-MRS studies and use meta-analyses to identify patterns of brain metabolic alterations in MCI and AD. 40 and 39 studies on MCI and AD, respectively, were classified according to brain regions. Our results indicate decreased N-acetyl aspartate and creatine but increased myo-inositol levels in both MCI and AD, decreased glutathione level in MCI as well as disrupted energy metabolism in AD. In addition, the hippocampus shows the strongest alterations in most of these metabolites. This meta-analysis also illustrates progressive metabolite alterations from MCI to AD. Taken together, it suggests that 1) neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may occur in the early stages of AD, and likely precede neuron loss in its progression; 2) the hippocampus is a sensitive region of interest for early diagnosis and monitoring the response of interventions; 3) targeting bioenergetics associated with neuroinflammation/oxidative stress is a promising approach for treating AD.
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Ebert T, Heinz DE, Almeida-Corrêa S, Cruz R, Dethloff F, Stark T, Bajaj T, Maurel OM, Ribeiro FM, Calcagnini S, Hafner K, Gassen NC, Turck CW, Boulat B, Czisch M, Wotjak CT. Myo-Inositol Levels in the Dorsal Hippocampus Serve as Glial Prognostic Marker of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:731603. [PMID: 34867270 PMCID: PMC8633395 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.731603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a devastating age-related disorder. Its therapy would largely benefit from the identification of susceptible subjects at early, prodromal stages of the disease. To search for such prognostic markers of cognitive impairment, we studied spatial navigation in male BALBc vs. B6N mice in combination with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). BALBc mice consistently showed higher escape latencies than B6N mice, both in the Water Cross Maze (WCM) and the Morris water maze (MWM). These performance deficits coincided with higher levels of myo-inositol (mIns) in the dorsal hippocampus before and after training. Subsequent biochemical analyses of hippocampal specimens by capillary immunodetection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based (LC/MS) metabolomics revealed a higher abundance of glial markers (IBA-1, S100B, and GFAP) as well as distinct alterations in metabolites including a decrease in vitamins (pantothenic acid and nicotinamide), neurotransmitters (acetylcholine), their metabolites (glutamine), and acetyl-L-carnitine. Supplementation of low abundant acetyl-L-carnitine via the drinking water, however, failed to revert the behavioral deficits shown by BALBc mice. Based on our data we suggest (i) BALBc mice as an animal model and (ii) hippocampal mIns levels as a prognostic marker of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), due to (iii) local changes in microglia and astrocyte activity, which may (iv) result in decreased concentrations of promnesic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ebert
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel E. Heinz
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Renata Cruz
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik Dethloff
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tibor Stark
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Scientific Core Unit “Neuroimaging”, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oriana M. Maurel
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiola M. Ribeiro
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph W. Turck
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Benoit Boulat
- Scientific Core Unit “Neuroimaging”, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Czisch
- Scientific Core Unit “Neuroimaging”, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten T. Wotjak
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research (CNSDR), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Liu H, Zhang D, Lin H, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Zheng Y, Yin X, Li Z, Liang S, Huang S. Meta-Analysis of Neurochemical Changes Estimated via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:738971. [PMID: 34744689 PMCID: PMC8569809 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.738971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of neurochemicals in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in several studies. However, whether it exists the consistent pattern of changes of neurochemicals in the encephalic region during the progression of MCI to AD were still not clear. The study performed meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of neurochemical changes in the encephalic region in the progress of AD. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and finally included 63 studies comprising 1,086 MCI patients, 1,256 AD patients, and 1,907 healthy controls. It showed that during the progression from MCI to AD, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) decreased continuously in the posterior cingulate (PC) (SMD: −0.42 [95% CI: −0.62 to −0.21], z = −3.89, P < 0.05), NAA/Cr (creatine) was consistently reduced in PC (SMD: −0.58 [95% CI: −0.86 to −0.30], z = −4.06, P < 0.05) and hippocampus (SMD: −0.65 [95% CI: −1.11 to −0.12], z = −2.44, P < 0.05), while myo-inositol (mI) (SMD: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.26–0.61], z = 4.97, P < 0.05) and mI/Cr (SMD: 0.43 [95% CI: 0.17–0.68], z = 3.30, P < 0.05) were raised in PC. Furthermore, these results were further verified by a sustained decrease in the NAA/mI of PC (SMD: −0.94 [95% CI: −1.24 to −0.65], z = −6.26, P < 0.05). Therefore, the levels of NAA and mI were associated with the cognitive decline and might be used as potentially biomarkers to predict the possible progression from MCI to AD. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020200308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saie Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Yang Z, Wan X, Zhao X, Rong Y, Wu Y, Cao Z, Xie Q, Luo M, Liu Y. Brain neurometabolites differences in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus: a quantitative single- and multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4074-4096. [PMID: 34476190 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Subjective cognitive decline plus could be an extremely early phase of Alzheimer's disease; however, changes of N-acetylaspartate, myoinositol, and N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol is still unknown at this stage. This study aimed to explore brain neurometabolic alterations in patients with subjective cognitive decline plus using quantitative single-voxel and multi-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods A total of 91 participants were enrolled and underwent a GE 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging, including 33 elderly controls, 27 patients with subjective cognitive decline plus, and 31 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Single-voxel and multi-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to investigate the differences in neurometabolite levels among the three groups. Results Compared with elderly controls, patients with subjective cognitive decline plus showed significant decline in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol values in multiple regions, and amnestic MCI participants demonstrated more significant decreased N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol levels in multiple regions. The combined concentrations of N-acetylaspartate with myoinositol showed an excellent discrimination between those with subjective cognitive decline plus and elderly controls as compared to that obtained using N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratios with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.895 and 0.860, respectively. Likewise, the combined area under the curve for differentiating patients with subjective cognitive decline plus from amnestic MCI was obtained using the combined levels of N-acetylaspartate with myoinositol was 0.892. This was also higher than the combined area under the curve of 0.836 obtained using N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratios. Moreover, N-acetylaspartate levels in the left hippocampus and left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was positively related to the Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall scores in patients with subjective cognitive decline plus, whereas only the N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratio was positively related to this scale scores in the left hippocampus. Conclusions Quantitative single-voxel and multi-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide valuable information to detect alterative brain neurometabolites characteristics in patients with subjective cognitive decline plus. N-acetylaspartate concentrations may be used as one of the earliest neuroimaging markers at this stage, while N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratio could be more suitable for monitoring Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Gaozhou City, Maoming, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Qiuxia Xie
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubao Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zeydan B, Deelchand DK, Tosakulwong N, Lesnick TG, Kantarci OH, Machulda MM, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Öz G, Kantarci K. Decreased Glutamate Levels in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An sLASER Proton MR Spectroscopy and PiB-PET Study. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:630-636. [PMID: 28661060 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) protocol composed of semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. METHODS Participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 14; median age = 80) and age- and sex-matched clinically normal controls (n = 32; median age = 79) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were recruited prospectively to the 3T single-voxel 1 H-MRS study that examined metabolite changes in the posterior cingulate gyri. To be included, controls had to have low β-amyloid load on [11 C] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET (standard uptake value ratio; SUVr < 1.42) and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment had to have high β-amyloid load (SUVr ≥ 1.42). RESULTS Glutamate concentration and the glutamate/myo-inositol ratio were lower in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment than clinically normal controls (P < .05). Higher global cortical PiB-PET SUVr correlated with lower glutamate/myo-inositol (r = -.3, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The advanced sLASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming is a promising protocol for identifying glutamate alterations. Advanced 1 H-MRS protocols may add to the understanding of early Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology through detection of glutamate concentration in posterior cingulate gyri of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Zeydan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nirubol Tosakulwong
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Orhun H Kantarci
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Chen SQ, Cai Q, Shen YY, Xu CX, Zhou H, Zhao Z. Hydrogen Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multidomain Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Cognitive Impairment Without Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31:422-9. [PMID: 26980718 PMCID: PMC10852783 DOI: 10.1177/1533317515628052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the value of hydrogen proton magnet resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in the differential diagnosis of multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (M-aMCI) and vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND); (1)H-MRS was performed in patients with M-aMCI and VCIND. The level was determined for N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), inositol (mI), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr). Compared with the normal control group, the NAA-Cr ratio in all regions studied was significantly lower in the M-aMCI and VCIND groups. The Glu-Cr ratio in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the M-aMCI group was significantly lower than in the VCIND. The mI-Cr ratio in the frontal white matter of the VCIND was significantly higher than in the M-aMCI group. In the white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles, the Cho-Cr ratio was significantly higher in the VCIND than the M-aMCI. Our results suggested (1)H-MRS is an effective method in the differential diagnosis of M-aMCI and VCIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qing Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xiao Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Brain metabolism assessed via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with amnestic or vascular mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 130:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Yadav SK, Kumar R, Macey PM, Woo MA, Yan-Go FL, Harper RM. Insular cortex metabolite changes in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2014; 37:951-8. [PMID: 24790274 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show significant autonomic and neuropsychologic deficits, which may derive from damage to insular regions that serve those functions. The aim was to assess glial and neuronal status from anterior insular metabolites in OSA versus controls, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS), and thus to provide insights for neuroprotection against tissue changes, and to reduce injury consequences. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University-based medical center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six patients with OSA, 53 controls. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We performed PMRS in bilateral anterior insulae using a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner, calculated N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr), choline/creatine (Cho/Cr), myo-inositol/creatine (MI/Cr), and MI/NAA metabolite ratios, and examined daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and neuropsychologic status (Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI-II] and Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]). Body mass index, BAI, BDI-II, PSQI, and ESS significantly differed between groups. NAA/ Cr ratios were significantly reduced bilaterally, and left-sided MI/Cr and MI/NAA ratios were increased in OSA over controls. Significant positive correlations emerged between left insular MI/Cr ratios and apnea-hypopnea index values, right insular Cho/Cr ratios and BDI-II and BAI scores, and negative correlations appeared between left insular NAA/Cr ratios and PSQI scores and between right-side MI/Cr ratios and baseline and nadir change in O2 saturation. CONCLUSIONS Adults with obstructive sleep apnea showed bilaterally reduced N-acetylaspartate and left-side increased myo-inositol anterior insular metabolites, indicating neuronal damage and increased glial activation, respectively, which may contribute to abnormal autonomic and neuropsychologic functions in the condition. The activated glial status likely indicates increased inflammatory action that may induce more neuronal injury, and suggests separate approaches for glial and neuronal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Yadav
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA ; the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary A Woo
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Frisca L Yan-Go
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Ronald M Harper
- the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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10
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Zhang L, Dong S, Zhao G, Ma Y. 7.0T nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of the amyloid beta (1-40) animal model of Alzheimer's disease: comparison of cytology verification. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:430-5. [PMID: 25206831 PMCID: PMC4146198 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
3.0T magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is a commonly used method in the research of brain function in Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of 7.0T high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in brain function of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. In this study, 7.0T magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease rats, the N-acetylaspartate wave crest was reduced, and the creatine and choline wave crest was elevated. This finding was further supported by hematoxylin-eosin staining, which showed a loss of hippocampal neurons and more glial cells. Moreover, electron microscopy showed neuronal shrinkage and mitochondrial rupture, and scanning electron microscopy revealed small size hippocampal synaptic vesicles, incomplete synaptic structure, and reduced number. Overall, the results revealed that 7.0T high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy detected the lesions and functional changes in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer's disease rats in vivo, allowing the possibility for assessing the success rate and grading of the amyloid beta (1-40) animal model of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- MR Neuroradiology Room, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guixiang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
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The Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of the Hippocampal Formation Volume of Normal Chinese Adults. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:2115-8. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182a30ef6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Targosz-Gajniak MG, Siuda JS, Wicher MM, Banasik TJ, Bujak MA, Augusciak-Duma AM, Opala G. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a predictor of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. J Neurol Sci 2013; 335:58-63. [PMID: 24035276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) is one of the imaging techniques that could be potentially useful for identification of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at increased risk of developing dementia. The aim of the study was to investigate if there is a difference in brain metabolism between stable MCI patients and converters to dementia and if a use of (1)H-MRS can predict the conversion from MCI to dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one amnestic MCI patients and 35 cognitively unimpaired controls were examined by (1)H-MRS (TE - 35 ms) at baseline. Metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/Cr, Glx/Cr, NAA/Cho) were estimated in four different brain regions: posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), left hippocampus (LH), cortical area of right (RPL) and left parietal lobe (LPL). Participants were followed up for a period of 12 months. RESULTS Twelve subjects with MCI progressed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) after one year. Analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio in the LH was significantly lower in MCI patients than in controls (p=0.008), but there were no differences in metabolite ratios at baseline between MCI converters and stable subjects. mI/Cr ratio in RPL predicted the conversion to AD with sensitivity 70% and specificity 85% (p<0.0004). Coexistence of diabetes improved prediction, yielding 70% sensitivity and 96% specificity (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS (1)H-MRS in MCI can be a predictor of cognitive decline and conversion to dementia, especially in MCI patients with coexisting diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2571-86. [PMID: 23969177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Research using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can potentially elucidate metabolite changes representing early degeneration in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), an early stage of dementia. We integrated the published literature using meta-analysis to identify patterns of metabolite changes in MCI. 29 MRS studies (with a total of 607 MCI patients and 862 healthy controls) were classified according to brain regions. Hedges' g was used as effect size in a random effects model. N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) measures were consistently reduced in posterior cingulate (PC), hippocampus, and the paratrigonal white matter (PWM). Creatine (Cr) concentration was reduced in the hippocampus and PWM. Choline (Cho) concentration was reduced in the hippocampus while Cho/Cr ratio was raised in the PC. Myo-inositol (mI) concentration was raised in the PC and mI/Cr ratio was raised in the hippocampus. NAA/mI ratio was reduced in the PC. NAA may be the most reliable marker of brain dysfunction in MCI though mI, Cho, and Cr may also contribute towards this.
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Abstract
As treatment of neurodegenerative disease moves toward therapies aimed at specific molecular abnormalities, the importance of early and accurate diagnosis will increase, as will the need for sensitive measures for tracking disease progression. Brain imaging, using MRI and PET scanning, offers a variety of highly reliable techniques that examine the structure, chemical content, metabolic state, and functional capacity of the brain. For all the major neurodegenerative disorders, relatively specific findings can be identified with some or all of these techniques. New approaches for imaging specific molecular pathology likely will revolutionize brain imaging and be combined with established imaging approaches to obtain a complete molecular, structural, and metabolic characterization, which could be used to improve diagnosis, and to stage each patient and follow disease progression and response to treatment.
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[Mild cognitive impairment: diagnostic value of different MR techniques]. Radiologe 2011; 51:285-92. [PMID: 21448679 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-010-2094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In view of an increasingly aging population the prevalence of dementia is also expected to increase rapidly. As well as clinical, neuropsychological and laboratory procedures magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the early diagnosis of dementia which is important in the precursor stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). On the one hand this stage is associated with an increased risk of dementia and on the other hand an early treatment in this stage could attenuate development of the disease. In addition to morphological changes different functional MRI techniques can help in the early diagnosis of dementia and the precursor stages. Moreover, it is important to detect those MCI patients who are at particularly risk for developing dementia. In the differentiation of converters to non-converters initial studies suggest that particularly voxel-based morphometry, MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging can provide important additional information.
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Griffith HR, Stewart CC, den Hollander JA. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in dementias and mild cognitive impairment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 84:105-31. [PMID: 19501715 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the anticipated increase in dementias due to the aging demographic of industrialized nations, biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly important as new therapies are being developed for clinical trials. Proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) appears poised to be a viable means of tracking brain metabolic changes due to neurodegenerative diseases and potentially as a biomarker for treatment effects in clinical therapeutic trials. This review highlights the body of literature investigating brain metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease dementia. In particular, the review addresses the viability of (1)H MRS to discriminate among dementias, to measure disease progression, and to measure the effects of pharmacological treatments. While findings to date are encouraging, more study is needed in longitudinal patterns of brain metabolic changes, correspondence with changes in clinical markers of disease progression, and sensitivity of (1)H MRS measures to treatment effects. Such developments will hopefully benefit the search for effective treatments of dementias in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Randall Griffith
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
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