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Kim SJ, Lee SU, Kang MS, Ahn JH, Shin J, Park CY, Lee JE. IgG4-related disease presenting as recurrent scleritis combined with optic neuropathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33402162 PMCID: PMC7784029 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a case of atypical presentation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with recurrent scleritis and optic nerve involvement. CASE PRESENTATION A 61-year-old male presented with ocular pain and injection in his left eye for 2 months. Ocular examination together with ancillary testing led to the diagnosis of scleritis, which relapsed in spite of several courses of steroid treatment. After cessation of steroid, the patient complained of severe retro-orbital pain and blurred vision. His best corrected vision was count finger, the pupil was mid-dilated and a relative afferent pupillary defect was found. Funduscopic examination demonstrated disc swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enhancing soft tissue encasing the left globe, medial rectus muscle and optic nerve. Systemic work-up revealed multiple nodules in right lower lung and a biopsy showed histopathological characteristics of IgG4-RD. Long-term treatment with corticosteroids and a steroid-sparing agent (methotrexate) led to significant improvement in signs and symptoms with no recurrence for 2 years. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the significance of IgG4-RD in the differential diagnosis of recurrent scleritis. IgG4-RD may cause optic neuropathy resulting in visual loss. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent irreversible organ damage and devastating visual morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seung Uk Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kosin University, #34 Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-702, South Korea
| | - Min Seung Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyo Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Choul Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, #27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 10326, South Korea.,Sensory Organ Research Center, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, South Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.
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A Challenging Diagnosis of IgG4-Related Disease When Understanding Limitations of Laboratory Testing Was Pivotal. Case Rep Med 2017; 2017:8748696. [PMID: 28828007 PMCID: PMC5554548 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8748696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 76-year-old man was incidentally found on a CT scan to have lymphadenopathy and bilateral kidney enlargement suggestive of infiltrative renal disease. He was largely asymptomatic but had bilateral salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement. A grossly elevated serum IgG (>70 g/L) with concomitant suppression of other immunoglobulins, a small IgG restriction, and a parotid biopsy revealing lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with slight kappa light chain excess all suggested a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). The diagnostic workup was further confounded by a normal serum IgG4 concentration. Moreover, bone marrow and renal biopsies did not reveal evidence of LPD. Discussion with the laboratory not only clarified that the markedly increased total IgG could not be accounted for by the small IgG restriction, but also identified a discrepancy in the IgG4 measurement. Repeat analysis of a follow-up sample revealed an elevated IgG4 of 5.94 (reference interval: 0.039–0.864) g/L, which prompted a repeat parotid biopsy that showed predominant IgG4+ lymphocytic infiltrates. Despite the deluding presentations, a final diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) was made based on elevated serum IgG4 concentrations and histopathological findings. This case highlights the importance of recognizing limitations of laboratory testing and the benefit of close communications among clinical subspecialties and the laboratory.
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