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Lim ST, Choi HS, Kim K, Hahn S, Cho IJ, Noh H, Lee JI, Han A. Hounsfield Units Predict Survival of Patients With Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:e424-e433.e3. [PMID: 37438195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Tumor vascularity plays a fundamental role in cancer progression, including breast cancer. This study aimed to elucidate tumor vascularity and its impact on patient survival in the context of breast cancer subtypes using Hounsfield units (HU) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with early-stage breast cancer who completed planned treatment between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS The final cohort comprised 440 patients. Of the 440 patients, 262 had estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease and 119 had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing disease. The tumor-to-aorta ratio of Hounsfield units (TAR) was related to significantly worse recurrence-free interval (RFI) (P < .001) and overall survival (OS) (P < .001) in patients with TAR > 0.33 for RFI and > 0.35 for OS than their counterparts. In the subgroup analysis, the survival disadvantage was limited only to patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative disease (P < .001 for both RFI and OS). CONCLUSION This study showed that TAR, which reflects tumor vascularity, was significantly related to patients' RFI and OS, suggesting its capacity as a feasible biomarker. This study also showed that TAR was associated with the survival in patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Taek Lim
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyang Suk Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwangmin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seok Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - In-Jeong Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hany Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong-In Lee
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Airi Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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Almagro J, Messal HA. Volume imaging to interrogate cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interactions in space and time. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176594. [PMID: 37261345 PMCID: PMC10228654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume imaging visualizes the three-dimensional (3D) complexity of tumors to unravel the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the heterogeneous landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tissue clearing and intravital microscopy (IVM) constitute rapidly progressing technologies to study the architectural context of such interactions. Tissue clearing enables high-resolution imaging of large samples, allowing for the characterization of entire tumors and even organs and organisms with tumors. With IVM, the dynamic engagement between cancer cells and the TME can be visualized in 3D over time, allowing for acquisition of 4D data. Together, tissue clearing and IVM have been critical in the examination of cancer-TME interactions and have drastically advanced our knowledge in fundamental cancer research and clinical oncology. This review provides an overview of the current technical repertoire of fluorescence volume imaging technologies to study cancer and the TME, and discusses how their recent applications have been utilized to advance our fundamental understanding of tumor architecture, stromal and immune infiltration, vascularization and innervation, and to explore avenues for immunotherapy and optimized chemotherapy delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hendrik A. Messal
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Almagro J, Messal HA, Zaw Thin M, van Rheenen J, Behrens A. Tissue clearing to examine tumour complexity in three dimensions. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:718-730. [PMID: 34331034 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of whole organs and organisms through tissue clearing and fluorescence volumetric imaging has revolutionized the way we look at biological samples. Its application to solid tumours is changing our perception of tumour architecture, revealing signalling networks and cell interactions critical in tumour progression, and provides a powerful new strategy for cancer diagnostics. This Review introduces the latest advances in tissue clearing and three-dimensional imaging, examines the challenges in clearing epithelia - the tissue of origin of most malignancies - and discusses the insights that tissue clearing has brought to cancer research, as well as the prospective applications to experimental and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Convergence Science Centre and Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Andersen SB, Taghavi I, Hoyos CAV, Søgaard SB, Gran F, Lönn L, Hansen KL, Jensen JA, Nielsen MB, Sørensen CM. Super-Resolution Imaging with Ultrasound for Visualization of the Renal Microvasculature in Rats Before and After Renal Ischemia: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110862. [PMID: 33105888 PMCID: PMC7690607 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of the microvasculature is relevant since diseases such as diabetes, ischemia, or cancer cause microvascular impairment. Super-resolution ultrasound imaging allows in vivo examination of the microvasculature by detecting and tracking sparsely distributed intravascular microbubbles over a minute-long period. The ability to create detailed images of the renal vasculature of Sprague-Dawley rats using a modified clinical ultrasound platform was investigated in this study. Additionally, we hypothesized that early ischemic damage to the renal microcirculation could be visualized. After a baseline scan of the exposed kidney, 10 rats underwent clamping of the renal vein (n = 5) or artery (n = 5) for 45 min. The kidneys were rescanned at the onset of clamp release and after 60 min of reperfusion. Using a processing pipeline for tissue motion compensation and microbubble tracking, super-resolution images with a very high level of detail were constructed. Image filtration allowed further characterization of the vasculature by isolating specific vessels such as the ascending vasa recta with a 15–20 μm diameter. Using the super-resolution images alone, it was only possible for six assessors to consistently distinguish the healthy renal microvasculature from the microvasculature at the onset of vein clamp release. Future studies will aim at attaining quantitative estimations of alterations in the renal microvascular blood flow using super-resolution ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bech Andersen
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (L.L.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Iman Taghavi
- Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (I.T.); (J.A.J.)
| | | | - Stinne Byrholdt Søgaard
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (L.L.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Gran
- BK Medical ApS, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.A.V.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Lars Lönn
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (L.L.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (L.L.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Arendt Jensen
- Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (I.T.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Michael Bachmann Nielsen
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.S.); (L.L.); (K.L.H.); (M.B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yang R, Guo J, Lin Z, Song H, Feng Z, Ou Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Yi G, Li K, Li K, Guo M, Wang X, Huang G, Liu Z, Qi S, Liu Y. The combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis methods contributes to the understanding of glioblastoma spatial heterogeneity. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900196. [PMID: 31743584 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is regarded as the major factor leading to the poor outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) analysis methods, such as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, have limited capacity to reveal GBM spatial heterogeneity. Thus, we sought to develop an effective analysis strategy to increase the understanding of GBM spatial heterogeneity. Here, 2D and three-dimensional (3D) analysis methods were compared for the examination of cell morphology, cell distribution and large intact structures, and both types of methods were employed to dissect GBM spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that 2D assays showed only cross-sections of specimens but provided a full view. To visualize intact GBM specimens in 3D without sectioning, the optical tissue clearing methods CUBIC and iDISCO+ were used to clear opaque specimens so that they would become more transparent, after which the specimens were imaged with a two-photon microscope. The 3D analysis methods showed specimens at a large spatial scale at cell-level resolution and had overwhelming advantages in comparison to the 2D methods. Furthermore, in 3D, heterogeneity in terms of cell stemness, the microvasculature, and immune cell infiltration within GBM was comprehensively observed and analysed. Overall, we propose that 2D and 3D analysis methods should be combined to provide much greater detail to increase the understanding of GBM spatial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haimin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaomin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manlan Guo
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou HC, Chen N, Zhao H, Yin T, Zhang J, Zheng W, Song L, Liu C, Zheng R. Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for monitoring vascular normalization during anti-angiogenic therapy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 15:100143. [PMID: 31463195 PMCID: PMC6710376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the changes in tumor vascularity is important for anti-angiogenic therapy assessment with therapeutic implications. However, monitoring vascularity is quite challenging due to the lack of appropriate imaging techniques. Here, we describe a non-invasive imaging technique using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) to track vascular changes in prostate cancer treated with an anti-angiogenic agent, DC101, on a mouse ear xenograft model. Approximately 1-3 days after the initial therapy, OR-PAM imaging detected tumor vascular changes such as reduced vessel tortuosity, decreased vessel diameter and homogenized intratumoral vessel distribution. These observations indicated vessel normalization, which was pathologically validated as increased fractional pericyte coverage, functional perfusion and drug delivery of the vessels. After four DC101 interventions, OR-PAM imaging eventually revealed intratumoral vessel regression. Therefore, OR-PAM imaging of the vasculature offers a promising method to study anti-angiogenic drug mechanisms of action in vivo and holds potential in monitoring and guiding anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chao Zhou
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangxuan Zhao
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tinghui Yin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author at: Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Tian He Road 600#, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Pinkert MA, Salkowski LR, Keely PJ, Hall TJ, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Review of quantitative multiscale imaging of breast cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2018; 5:010901. [PMID: 29392158 PMCID: PMC5777512 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.5.1.010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and ranks second in terms of overall cancer deaths. One of the difficulties associated with treating breast cancer is that it is a heterogeneous disease with variations in benign and pathologic tissue composition, which contributes to disease development, progression, and treatment response. Many of these phenotypes are uncharacterized and their presence is difficult to detect, in part due to the sparsity of methods to correlate information between the cellular microscale and the whole-breast macroscale. Quantitative multiscale imaging of the breast is an emerging field concerned with the development of imaging technology that can characterize anatomic, functional, and molecular information across different resolutions and fields of view. It involves a diverse collection of imaging modalities, which touch large sections of the breast imaging research community. Prospective studies have shown promising results, but there are several challenges, ranging from basic physics and engineering to data processing and quantification, that must be met to bring the field to maturity. This paper presents some of the challenges that investigators face, reviews currently used multiscale imaging methods for preclinical imaging, and discusses the potential of these methods for clinical breast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Pinkert
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lonie R. Salkowski
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Patricia J. Keely
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Timothy J. Hall
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Walter F. Block
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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9
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Naschberger E, Liebl A, Schellerer VS, Schütz M, Britzen-Laurent N, Kölbel P, Schaal U, Haep L, Regensburger D, Wittmann T, Klein-Hitpass L, Rau TT, Dietel B, Méniel VS, Clarke AR, Merkel S, Croner RS, Hohenberger W, Stürzl M. Matricellular protein SPARCL1 regulates tumor microenvironment-dependent endothelial cell heterogeneity in colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4187-4204. [PMID: 27721236 PMCID: PMC5096916 DOI: 10.1172/jci78260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different tumor microenvironments (TMEs) induce stromal cell plasticity that affects tumorigenesis. The impact of TME-dependent heterogeneity of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) on tumorigenesis is unclear. Here, we isolated pure TECs from human colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) that exhibited TMEs with either improved (Th1-TME CRCs) or worse clinical prognosis (control-TME CRCs). Transcriptome analyses identified markedly different gene clusters that reflected the tumorigenic and angiogenic activities of the respective TMEs. The gene encoding the matricellular protein SPARCL1 was most strongly upregulated in Th1-TME TECs. It was also highly expressed in ECs in healthy colon tissues and Th1-TME CRCs but low in control-TME CRCs. In vitro, SPARCL1 expression was induced in confluent, quiescent ECs and functionally contributed to EC quiescence by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and sprouting, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown increased sprouting. In human CRC tissues and mouse models, vessels with SPARCL1 expression were larger and more densely covered by mural cells. SPARCL1 secretion from quiescent ECs inhibited mural cell migration, which likely led to stabilized mural cell coverage of mature vessels. Together, these findings demonstrate TME-dependent intertumoral TEC heterogeneity in CRC. They further indicate that TEC heterogeneity is regulated by SPARCL1, which promotes the cell quiescence and vessel homeostasis contributing to the favorable prognoses associated with Th1-TME CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Liebl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera S. Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schütz
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Kölbel
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Schaal
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Haep
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Regensburger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wittmann
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tilman T. Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valérie S. Méniel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland S. Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Hohenberger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
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Feuchtinger A, Walch A, Dobosz M. Deep tissue imaging: a review from a preclinical cancer research perspective. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:781-806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Brinkmann M, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Gremse F, Schiwy S, Kiessling F, Hollert H. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) as a novel method in ecotoxicology--determination of morphometric and somatic data in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:135-139. [PMID: 26580735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish are important sentinel organisms for the assessment of water quality and play a central role in ecotoxicological research. Of particular importance to the assessment of health and fitness of fish stocks in response to environmental conditions or pollution are morphometric (e.g. Fulton's condition index) and somatic indices (e.g. hepatosomatic, and gonadosomatic index). Standard measurements of somatic indices are invasive and require, by definition, the sacrifice of examined animals, thus prohibiting longitudinal studies and relocation of animals captured in the field. As a potential solution, in the present study, we propose the use of micro-computed tomography (μCT) as imaging modality to non-invasively tomographically image rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to different sediment suspensions. We here demonstrate that μCT can be used as a tool to reliably measure the volumes of different organs, which could then be applied as a substitute of their weights in calculation of somatic indices. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the results of μCT analyses in the context of ecotoxicological research in rainbow trout. It has the potential to greatly increase the information value of experiments conducted with fish and also to potentially reduce the number of animals required for studying temporal effects through facilitating longitudinal studies within the same individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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Three-dimensional ultrasound molecular imaging of angiogenesis in colon cancer using a clinical matrix array ultrasound transducer. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:322-9. [PMID: 25575176 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of 3-dimensional ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression in tumor angiogenesis using a clinical matrix array transducer and a clinical grade VEGFR2-targeted contrast agent in a murine model of human colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal studies were approved by the Institutional Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care. Mice with human colon cancer xenografts (n = 33) were imaged with a clinical ultrasound system and transducer (Philips iU22; X6-1) after intravenous injection of either clinical grade VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles or nontargeted control microbubbles. Nineteen mice were scanned twice to assess imaging reproducibility. Fourteen mice were scanned both before and 24 hours after treatment with either bevacizumab (n = 7) or saline only (n = 7). Three-dimensional USMI data sets were retrospectively reconstructed into multiple consecutive 1-mm-thick USMI data sets to simulate 2-dimensional imaging. Vascular VEGFR2 expression was assessed ex vivo using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Three-dimensional USMI was highly reproducible using both VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles and nontargeted control microbubbles (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83). The VEGFR2-targeted USMI signal significantly (P = 0.02) decreased by 57% after antiangiogenic treatment compared with the control group, which correlated well with ex vivo VEGFR2 expression on immunofluorescence (ρ = 0.93, P = 0.003). If only central 1-mm tumor planes were analyzed to assess antiangiogenic treatment response, the USMI signal change was significantly (P = 0.006) overestimated by an average of 27% (range, 2%-73%) compared with 3-dimensional USMI. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional USMI is feasible and highly reproducible and allows accurate assessment and monitoring of VEGFR2 expression in tumor angiogenesis in a murine model of human colon cancer.
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Interferon Gamma Counteracts the Angiogenic Switch and Induces Vascular Permeability in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis in Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2360-71. [PMID: 26164664 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN)-γ is a central pathogenesis factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with pleiotropic effects on many different cell types. However, as yet, the immune modulatory functions of IFN-γ in IBD have been predominantly investigated. Based on previous studies showing that IFN-γ acts antiangiogenic in colorectal carcinoma, we investigated the effects of IFN-γ on the vascular system in IBD. METHODS Colon tissues of patients with IBD and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice were subjected to immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, and in situ hybridization to quantify cell activation, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Vascular structure and permeability in mice were analyzed by ultramicroscopy and in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy. RESULTS We showed a significantly increased blood vessel density in IBD and dextran sulfate sodium colitis. In mice, this was associated with a disorganized blood vessel structure and profound vascular leakage. As compared with genes associated with angiogenesis, genes associated with inflammatory cell activation including IFN-γ were more strongly upregulated in colitis tissues. IFN-γ exerted direct effects on endothelial cells in IBD tissues in vivo, as indicated by the expression of IFN-γ-induced guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP-1). Neutralization of IFN-γ in the acute dextran sulfate sodium colitis model demonstrated that this cytokine exerts endogenous angiostatic activity in IBD and contributes to increased vascular permeability. CONCLUSIONS The dissection of the pleiotropic activities of IFN-γ in IBD provides new insights to the pathological functions of this cytokine and may be of high relevance for the optimization of combination therapy approaches.
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Merali Z, Wong T, Leung J, Gao MM, Mikulis D, Kassner A. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and CT provide comparable measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability in a rodent stroke model. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:1007-12. [PMID: 26117703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the current management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), clinical criteria are used to estimate the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which is a devastating early complication. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and computed tomography (DCE-CT) may serve as physiologically-based decision making tools to more reliably assess the risk of HT. Before these tools can be properly validated, the comparability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability measurements they generate should be assessed. Sixteen rats were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion before successively undergoing DCE-CT and DCE-MRI at 24-hours. BBB permeability (K(trans)) values were generated from both modalities. A correlation of R=0.677 was found (p<0.01) and the resulting relationship was [DCE-CT=(0.610*DCE-MRI)+4.140]. A variance components analysis found the intra-rat coefficient of variation to be 0.384 and 0.258 for K(trans) values from DCE-MRI and DCE-CT respectively. Permeability measures from DCE-CT were 22% higher than those from DCE-MRI. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time comparability between DCE-CT and DCE-MRI in the assessment of AIS. These results may provide a foundation for future clinical trials making combined use of these modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamir Merali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teser Wong
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jackie Leung
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meah MingYang Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Kassner
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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