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Shao F, Zhao X, Toyama H, Ichihara T, Zhuang H, Zhao R, Kung BT, Ng KS, Zhang Z, Wu H. Semi-quantitative assessment optimized the grading of pulmonary aspiration on salivagram in children. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:321-327. [PMID: 33555558 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivagram is one of the imaging modalities to detect pulmonary aspiration in children. This study aims to optimize the classification of pulmonary aspiration detected by salivagram with a semi-quantitative analytical method. METHODS This is a retrospective study involving 737 patients (471 males, 266 females; aged 1 month to 8 years; mean age 5.3 months, median age 3.0 months old) with suspected pulmonary aspiration, who had salivagram done between January 2018 and June 2019. Positive cases were divided into 10 groups (Grade 1, R2, L2, R2L2, R3, L3, R3L2, R2L3, R3L3, and 4) according to the scintigraphic findings. Aspiration index was determined as the ratio of the count in the respiratory tract to the total count in the image field of view and compared among different groups using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 180 cases had positive scintigraphic findings of various grades of aspiration (24.4%, 180/737). There is a high consistency among the two independent nuclear medicine physicians involved in the study, in determining both the disease gradings (κ = 0.919;95% CI: 0.915-0.923) and aspiration index (ICC = 0.994;95% CI: 0.993-0.996). There is no significant difference (p > 0.05) in aspiration index among the gradings in "mild" group (grade 1, R2, L2, L2R2), and "moderate" group (grade R3, R3L2, R3L3). After dividing the different grades into "mild", "moderate" and "severe" groups, the aspiration index of "mild" group is 4.40 ± 2.01, that of "moderate" group is 16.43 ± 8.20, and that of "severe" group is 46.94 ± 14.81. Difference in groups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). In ROC curve analysis, AUC of "mild" and "moderate" groups is 0.970 and that of "moderate" and "severe" groups is 0.943; the cut-off value with highest diagnostic efficiency is 6.75 between "mild" and "moderate" groups and 38.00 between "moderate" and "severe" groups. CONCLUSIONS We introduced a semi-quantitative analytical method in pulmonary aspiration on salivagram, to optimize and supplement to the current classification of pulmonary aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toyama
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichihara
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hongming Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Boom Ting Kung
- Nuclear Medicine Unit and Clinical PET Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok Sing Ng
- Nuclear Medicine Unit and Clinical PET Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ha Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.
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