Sonographic Appearances of Portal Vein Abnormalities

A systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence and clinical implications of anatomical variants of the hepatic portal vein

The hepatic portal vein is the main vascular route responsible for collecting blood from the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. Its key function is to metabolize the components acquired from the blood. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of HPV variants and understand the possible clinical considerations that arise with them. The databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences were researched until January 2024. Tree authors independently performed the search, study selection and data extraction. Methodological quality was evaluated with an assurance tool for anatomical studies. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. A total of 31 studies met the established selection criteria. In this study, 21 articles were included for the meta-analysis with a total of 51,244 subjects. Of these 21 articles, the topics studied came mainly from Europe and Asia, with three (n = 554; 1.08%) and 11 articles (n = 50,090; 97.75%) respectively, also having six articles from North America (n = 442; 0.86%) and one from Africa (n = 158; 0.31%), discarding the articles from Oceania and South America. For the HPV trifurcation variant, it was 8% (CI = 7-10%). Apropos the right posterior portal vein variant, as the primary tributary from the main HPV, it was 7% (CI = 4-11%). About the right anterior portal vein variant originating from the left portal vein, it was 4% (CI = 1-6%). Finally, the prevalence of the isolated variants was 2% (CI = 1-3%). The knowledge of HPV and its anatomical variants is of utmost importance for both medical professionals and anatomists, as it is one of the vessels that collects blood from many important viscera found in the abdominal cavity, any structural alteration could be crucial in diagnosis and surgical procedures.

Performance Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Imaging System Using Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms for Quality Assurance

Diagnostic ultrasound or sonography is an image that can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions. The aim of this research study is to examine the performance and accuracy of the ultrasonic imaging system for the guarantee of diagnosis quality assurance, and to adjust the penetration settings to minimize the time of repeat scans and maintenance duration during research experiments. Measurements in this experiment included the resolution (axial and lateral) and focal zones. Moreover, the evaluation was done by completing all the measurements at different depths on a multipurpose phantom model 539. The phantom was bought from the market and was not fabricated by the author. The measurements were achieved by applying two different transducers: curved and linear (flat). The ultrasound images were obtained and tested by using calipers (electronic), and the estimations and observations were read by using all the taken measurements and images. As a result, because the phantom depths were different, the penetration settings were different too, indicating that the depth impacted the penetrations of the created ultrasound image. Moreover, after the comparison of the recorded measurements and results, it was found that all measurements were within the accepted (standard) value and that the true value was specified by the production of the phantom.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Identification of Portal Vein Thrombosis in a Pediatric Patient

ABSTRACT

Abdominal pain is one of the most common presenting complaints encountered in the pediatric emergency department. The use of point-of-care ultrasonography by emergency physicians has been shown to expedite the diagnosis of a large variety of conditions and can be used to accurately identify intra-abdominal pathology in children. We describe the case of a pediatric patient who presented to the pediatric emergency department with acute abdominal pain, in whom point-of-care ultrasonography helped expedite the diagnosis of acute portal vein thrombosis and liver abscess.

Performance Evaluation of Ultrasonic Imaging System (Part I)

Background:

Diagnostic ultrasound or sonography is an image which can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions. This experiment was done to check the performance and evaluate the ultrasonic imaging system. There were three tests performed in this experiment: dead zone (transducer ring-down), vertical measurement calibration, and horizontal measurement calibration.

Methods:

The evaluation was made by performed all the tests with different depth on two different multipurpose phantom model #539. The tests were also performed by two different probes which were curved and flat (linear probe). The images were taken, and the measurements were made by electronic calipers on the ultrasound machine system. Observations and evaluations were done via all images and measurements taken.

Results:

The images formed by two various probes were different. The penetration settings were different since the depths were different. The depth influenced the penetrations to the formed image. From the comparison of all results and measurements recorded were all under the accepted value of the standard that was given by the manufacture of the phantom.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it can be concluded that the measurements were all not exceeding 2% of the standard value given based on the result that we get.