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Kim EJ, Kim H, Park Y. Enhancing Safety in Tumescent Liposuction: Managing Sedation-Related Respiratory Issues and Serious Complications Under Deep Sedation with the Propofol-Ketamine Protocol. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1964-1976. [PMID: 38536431 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 4 years, aesthetic surgery, notably liposuction, has substantially increased. Tumescent liposuction, a popular technique, has two variants-true tumescent liposuction (TTL) and semi-tumescent liposuction. While TTL reduces risks, it has limitations. There is no literature reported on semi-tumescent liposuction under deep sedation using the propofol-ketamine protocol, which is proposed as a potentially safe alternative. METHODS The retrospective analysis covered 8 years and included 3094 patients performed for tumescent liposuction under deep sedation, utilizing the propofol-ketamine protocol. The evaluation of patient safety involved an examination of potential adverse events with a specific focus on respiratory issues related to sedation, including instances of mask ventilation. RESULTS Among the 3094 cases, no fatalities were recorded. Noteworthy events included 43 mask ventilation instances, primarily occurring in the initial 10 min. Twelve cases experienced surgery cancellation due to various factors, including respiratory issues. Three patients were transferred to upper-level hospitals, while another three required blood transfusions. Vigilant management prevented significant complications, and other adverse events like venous thromboembolism (VTE), fat embolism, severe lidocaine toxicity, and so on were not observed. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of 3094 tumescent liposuction cases highlighted the overall safety profile of the propofol-ketamine protocol under deep sedation. The scarcity of severe complications underscores its viability. The study emphasizes the significance of thorough preoperative assessments, careful patient selection, and awareness of potential complications. Prompt interventions, particularly in addressing sedation-related respiratory issues, further contribute to positive outcomes for patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38453, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Liposuction Center, 365mc Hospital, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47286, South Korea.
| | - Younchan Park
- Liposuction Center, 365mc Hospital, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47286, South Korea
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Zhang M, Wang L, Tan L, Sun C, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Tan G, Long X, Wang H, Wang Y. Effects of Heated Infiltration Solutions and Forced-Air Heating Blankets on Intraoperative Hypothermia During Liposuction: A Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1956-1963. [PMID: 38238567 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to compare the effects of heat preservation by two recommended methods, heated infiltration solutions and forced-air heating blankets, in patients undergoing liposuction under general anesthesia. METHODS Forty patients were divided into four groups based on whether heated infiltration solutions or forced-air heating blankets were used. Group A received general anesthesia liposuction plastic surgery routine temperature care. Based on the care measures of group A, heated infiltration solutions were used in group B; forced-air heating blanket was used in group C; and heated infiltration solutions and forced-air heating blankets were both used in group D. The primary end point was intraoperative and perioperative temperature measured with an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer. Secondary end points included surgical outcomes, subjective experience, and adverse events. RESULTS Compared with group A, the intraoperative body temperatures of groups B, C, and D were significantly higher, indicating that the two intervention methods were helpful on increasing the core body temperature. Pairwise comparisons of these three groups showed that there was no significant difference between group C and group D. However, using forced-air heating blankets had a marked effect compared with using heated infiltration solutions alone at three time points. The same trend could be seen in other surgical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Heated infiltration solutions and forced-air heating blankets could reduce the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia and improve patients' prognosis after liposuction under general anesthesia. Compared with the heated infiltration fluid, the forced-air heating blanket may have a better thermal insulation effect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linjuan Tan
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiding Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Wang Y, Xu W, Xia W, Wei L, Yang D, Deng X, Yan F. Comparison of the Sedative and Analgesic Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine-Sufentanil for Liposuction: A Prospective Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:524-534. [PMID: 34499193 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine had sedative and analgesic effects and did not produce significant respiratory depression at therapeutic doses. AIMS To compare the sedative and analgesic effects and safety of dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil or sufentanil in patients undergoing liposuction. METHODS A total of 100 subjects were randomized 1:1 to two groups: Group R and Group S. First, patients were administered midazolam 0.02 mg·kg-1. Anesthesia was induced with an intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 1 µg kg-1 (15 min) and remifentanil 0.1 µg kg-1 min-1 (Group R) or sufentanil 0.1 µg kg-1h-1 (Group S). Anesthesia was maintained with an intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 1.0 µg kg-1h-1, midazolam 0.015 mg kg-1h-1, remifentanil 0.1 µg kg-1min-1 (Group R), or sufentanil 0.1 µg kg-1h-1 (Group S). Hemodynamic and respiratory changes, modified OAA/S score and BIS values, postoperative Visual Analogue Scale pain scores, satisfaction of the patient and surgical team with the procedure, and adverse events and recovery time were recorded. RESULTS Group R received significantly less midazolam and midazolam per hour compared to Group S (Group R vs. Group S: 3.4 ± 1.7 mg vs. 5.1 ± 2.0 mg, P < 0.0001; 1.5 ± 0.7 mg/h vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 mg/h, P = 0.002). The incidence of physical or verbal expressions of pain at the start of surgery was significantly lower in Group R compared to Group S (2 [4.3%] vs. 12 [26.7%], P = 0.003). Patient satisfaction with the procedure was significantly higher in Group R compared to Group S (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 3.1 ± 0.3, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and dexmedetomidine-sufentanil were effective and safe sedative and analgesic agents for liposuction. Hemodynamic stability was maintained. Dexmedetomidine-remifentanil might be associated with improved analgesic effects compared to dexmedetomidine-sufentanil. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II Evidence was obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-da-chu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-da-chu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Weipeng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-da-chu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Lingxin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-da-chu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-da-chu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Ba-da-chu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
| | - Fuxia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Tumescent anesthesia makes it feasible to perform liposuction in an office setting. There are often patients who desire extensive liposuction on approximately 30% of total body surface area, which means the potential of fluid overload. In this study, the charts of 83 patients undergoing extensive liposuction were retrospectively reviewed. The intra-operative fluid ratio was 1.66 for the extensive liposuction. There were no episodes of pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure exacerbation, or other major complications. The average urine output in the operating room, the recovery room, and while on the floors was 1.35, 2.3, and 1.4 mL/kg/hour respectively. Intravenous (IV) fluid administration during operation was minimized to approximately 300 to 500 mL. The total volume of IV injection was also reduced to less than 1500 mL when the patient was in the recovery room and on the hospital floor. Our fluid management strategy in extensive liposuction reflects minimal risk of volume overload. Foley catheters are not applied and patients could resume oral intake in usual, so they can discharge after 6 hours of recovery room stay in our daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
- Mylike Medical Cosmetic Hospital, Changning District
| | - Wei-Gang Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Lan Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu
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