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Liu K, Meng CX, Lv ZY, Zhang YJ, Li J, Li KY, Liu FZ, Zhang B, Cui FZ. Enhancement of BMP-2 and VEGF carried by mineralized collagen for mandibular bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:435-440. [PMID: 32793388 PMCID: PMC7414995 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repairing damage in the craniofacial skeleton is challenging. Craniofacial bones require intramembranous ossification to generate tissue-engineered bone grafts via angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Here, we designed a mineralized collagen delivery system for BMP-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for implantation into animal models of mandibular defects. BMP-2/VEGF were mixed with mineralized collagen which was implanted into the rabbit mandibular. Animals were divided into (i) controls with no growth factors; (ii) BMP-2 alone; or (iii) BMP-2 and VEGF combined. CT and hisomputed tomography and histological staining were performed to assess bone repair. New bone formation was higher in BMP-2 and BMP-2-VEGF groups in which angiogenesis and osteogenesis were enhanced. This highlights the use of mineralized collagen with BMP-2/VEGF as an effective alternative for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China.,Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China.,Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yong Lv
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jue Zhang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China.,Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Li
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Zhen Liu
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China.,Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Zhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Raillard M, Detotto C, Grepper S, Beslac O, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Schaller B, Saulacic N. Anaesthetic and Perioperative Management of 14 Male New Zealand White Rabbits for Calvarial Bone Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110896. [PMID: 31683852 PMCID: PMC6912242 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone substitutes are commonly used when bone grafts are necessary in human craniofacial surgery. To study the properties and biologic behaviour of those substitutes, they can be implanted in experimental animals. A frequently used model involves the creation of critical-sized defects (defects that are too large to heal by themselves) in the rabbits calvaria (the top part of the skull). The procedure was initially described in 1989 and the authors considered and reported that post-operative analgesia was not necessary. In our experience, this procedure is invasive and can result in severe postoperative pain. The anaesthetic management of rabbits undergoing this procedure is challenging. Most of the recent publications using this model fail to provide sufficient information on perioperative animal management. With this report we have aimed to document a possible practical and simple anaesthetic and postoperative management of rabbits undergoing this procedure. Particular emphasis has been placed on postoperative pain assessment, duration and treatment. Abstract Calvarial bone surgery on rabbits is frequently performed. This report aims to document a simple and practical anaesthetic and perioperative management for this procedure. Fourteen male New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. Subcutaneous (SC) dexmedetomidine, ketamine and buprenorphine ± isoflurane vaporized in oxygen administered through a supraglottic airway device (V-gel®) provided clinically suitable anaesthesia. Supplemental oxygen was administered throughout recovery. Monitoring was clinical and instrumental (pulse-oximetry, capnography, invasive blood pressure, temperature, arterial blood gas analysis). Lidocaine was infiltrated at the surgical site and meloxicam was injected subcutaneously as perioperative analgesia. After surgery, pain was assessed five times daily (composite behavioural pain scale and grimace scale). Postoperative analgesia included SC meloxicam once daily for four days and buprenorphine every 8 h for three days (unless both pain scores were at the lowest possible levels). Rescue analgesia (buprenorphine) was administered in case of the score > 3/8 in the composite pain scale, >4/10 on the grimace scale or if determined necessary by the caregivers. Airway management with a V-gel® was possible but resulted in respiratory obstruction during the surgery in two cases. Hypoventilation was observed in all rabbits. All rabbits experienced pain after the procedure. Monitoring, pain assessments and administration of postoperative analgesia were recommended for 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Raillard
- Experimental Surgery Facility (ESF), Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Carlotta Detotto
- Experimental Surgery Facility (ESF), Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
- Central Animal Facilities, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sandro Grepper
- Central Animal Facilities, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Olgica Beslac
- Experimental Surgery Facility (ESF), Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Benoit Schaller
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nikola Saulacic
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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Liu Y, Zheng G, Liu L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Luo E. Inhibition of osteogenesis surrounding the titanium implant by CGRP deficiency. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:147-156. [PMID: 28402679 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1317759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested one of the neurotransmitters, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), modulates local regulation of bone metabolism; however, the regulating signaling pathway is still being explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether CGRP deficiency affects the osteogenesis surrounding titanium implants in vivo. Titanium screws were implanted in 72 adult rats, which were divided into three groups randomly: Sham, inferior alveolar neurectomy (IAN), and IAN+CGRP. Saline solution containing CGRP (concentration: 100 nmol/L) was injected into the area surrounding the implants in the IAN+CGRP group every day post operation. According to histological observations and Micro-CT, osteogenesis surrounding the implant was suppressed in the IAN group compared to that in the Sham and IAN+CGRP groups; the highest degree of osteogenesis was observed in the Sham group. This effect was also proved via the gene expressions of osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 surrounding the implant by real-time (RT) PCR analysis. In addition, through immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR analysis, levels of CGRP and β-catenin were also reduced in the IAN group, while the highest expression was observed in the Sham group (p < 0.05). Our results collectively suggest that the titanium implant bone model established by IAN exhibited CGRP deficiency and reduced osteogenesis surrounding the implant. Additionally, the expression analyses suggest that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway could be involved in this process of bone metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Guangsen Zheng
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhi Wang
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Qianming Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - En Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Shah SR, Young S, Goldman JL, Jansen JA, Wong ME, Mikos AG. A composite critical-size rabbit mandibular defect for evaluation of craniofacial tissue regeneration. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1989-2009. [PMID: 27658014 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Translational biomaterials targeted toward the regeneration of large bone defects in the mandible require a preclinical model that accurately recapitulates the regenerative challenges present in humans. Computational modeling and in vitro assays do not fully replicate the in vivo environment. Consequently, in vivo models can have specific applications such as those of the mandibular angle defect, which is used to investigate bone regeneration in a nonload-bearing area, and the inferior border mandibular defect, which is a model for composite bone and nerve regeneration, with both models avoiding involvement of soft tissue or teeth. In this protocol, we describe a reproducible load-bearing critical-size composite tissue defect comprising loss of soft tissue, bone and tooth in the mandible of a rabbit. We have previously used this procedure to investigate bone regeneration, vascularization and infection prevention in response to new biomaterial formulations for craniofacial tissue engineering applications. This surgical approach can be adapted to investigate models such as that of regeneration in the context of osteoporosis or irradiation. The procedure can be performed by researchers with basic surgical skills such as dissection and suturing. The procedure takes 1.5-2 h, with ∼2 h of immediate postoperative care, and animals should be monitored daily for the remainder of the study. For bone tissue engineering applications, tissue collection typically occurs 12 weeks after surgery. In this protocol, we will present the necessary steps to ensure reproducibility; tips to minimize complications during and after surgery; and analytical techniques for assessing soft tissue, bone and vessel regeneration by gross evaluation, microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita R Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julia L Goldman
- Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark E Wong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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