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Tang L, Wu M, Lu S, Zhang H, Shen Y, Shen C, Liang H, Ge H, Ding X, Wang Z. Fgf9 Negatively Regulates Bone Mass by Inhibiting Osteogenesis and Promoting Osteoclastogenesis Via MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:779-791. [PMID: 33316109 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) is a well-known factor that regulates bone development; however, its function in bone homeostasis is still unknown. Previously, we identified a point mutation in the FGF9 gene (p.Ser99Asn, S99N) and generated an isogeneic knock-in mouse model, which revealed that this loss-of-function mutation impaired early joint formation and was responsible for human multiple synostosis syndrome 3 (SYNS3). Moreover, newborn and adult S99N mutant mice exhibited significantly increased bone mass, suggesting that Fgf9 also participated in bone homeostasis. Histomorphology, tomography, and serological analysis of homozygous newborns and heterozygous adults showed that the Fgf9S99N mutation immensely increased bone mass and bone formation in perinatal and adult bones and decreased osteoclastogenesis in adult bone. An in vitro differentiation assay further revealed that the S99N mutation enhanced bone formation by promoting osteogenesis and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and attenuating osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow monocytes (BMMs). Considering the loss-of-function effect of the S99N mutation, we hypothesized that Fgf9 itself inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoclastogenesis. An in vitro differentiation assay revealed that Fgf9 prominently inhibited BMSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and showed for the first time that Fgf9 promoted osteoclastogenesis by enhancing preosteoclast aggregation and cell-cell fusion. Furthermore, specific inhibitors and in vitro differentiation assays were used and showed that Fgf9 inhibited BMSC osteogenesis mainly via the MEK/ERK pathway and partially via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Fgf9 also promoted osteoclastogenesis as a potential costimulatory factor with macrophage colony-stimating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by coactivating the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Fgf9 is a negative regulator of bone homeostasis by regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and provides a potential therapeutic target for bone degenerative diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Department of Radiology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
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Zhang WL, Zhao DY, Zhao W, Cui Y, Li Q, Zhang ZY. Effect of lentivirus-mediated miR-182 targeting FGF9 on hallux valgus. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:902-910. [PMID: 33456347 PMCID: PMC7807199 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hallux valgus is not clearly understood. However, genetics research about hallux valgus is rare. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the pathogeny of hallux valgus from the perspective of genetics. Human samples were collected from normal bone tissue and hallux valgus region bone tissue. The bone samples were studied using real time-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical. Lentivirus-mediated miR-182 transfected osteoblasts and tested the expression of FGF9 mRNA with real time-PCR. To test alkaline phosphatase activity, number of calcium nodules and proliferation of osteoblast with enzymatic activity analysis, calcium nodules stained and MTT assay. We found that (1) FGF9 expressed in hallux valgus region bone tissue was significantly higher than normal bone tissue. (2) miR-182 expression levels in hallux valgus region bone tissue were notably lower than those of normal bone tissue. (3) miR-182 could negatively regulate the expression of FGF9 in osteoblasts. (4) FGF9 may enhance osteoblasts proliferation. We have demonstrated that miR-182 promotes the formation of bone by targeting FGF9, implicating an essential role of miR-182 in the etiology of hallux valgus. Moreover, miR-182 might potentially be a therapeutic target for hallux valgus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Duo-Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032, P.R. China
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Watson ATD, Nordberg RC, Loboa EG, Kullman SW. Evidence for Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:145-156. [PMID: 30203000 PMCID: PMC6317429 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, or osteogenic cell lineages. There is increasing concern that exposure to environmental agents such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, may perturb the osteogenic pathways responsible for normal bone formation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of the prototypic AhR ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to disrupt osteogenic differentiation of human bone-derived MSCs (hBMSCs) in vitro. Primary hBMSCs from three donors were exposed to 10 nM TCDD and differentiation was interrogated using select histological, biochemical, and transcriptional markers of osteogenesis. Exposure to 10 nM TCDD resulted in an overall consistent attenuation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization at terminal stages of differentiation in primary hBMSCs. At the transcriptional level, the transcriptional regulator DLX5 and additional osteogenic markers (ALP, OPN, and IBSP) displayed attenuated expression; conversely, FGF9 and FGF18 were consistently upregulated in each donor. Expression of stem cell potency markers SOX2, NANOG, and SALL4 decreased in the osteogenic controls, whereas expression in TCDD-treated cells resembled that of undifferentiated cells. Coexposure with the AhR antagonist GNF351 blocked TCDD-mediated attenuation of matrix mineralization, and either fully or partially rescued expression of genes associated with osteogenic regulation, extracellular matrix, and/or maintenance of multipotency. Thus, experimental evidence from this study suggests that AhR transactivation likely attenuates osteoblast differentiation in multipotent hBMSCs. This study also underscores the use of primary human MSCs to evaluate osteoinductive or osteotoxic potential of chemical and pharmacologic agents in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- AtLee T D Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rachel C Nordberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 and Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 and Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Tang L, Wu X, Zhang H, Lu S, Wu M, Shen C, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang W, Shen Y, Gu M, Ding X, Jin X, Fei J, Wang Z. A point mutation in Fgf9 impedes joint interzone formation leading to multiple synostoses syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1280-1293. [PMID: 28169396 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human multiple synostoses syndrome (SYNS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple joint fusions. We previously identified a point mutation (S99N) in FGF9 that causes human SYNS3. However, the physiological function of FGF9 during joint development and comprehensive molecular portraits of SYNS3 remain elusive. Here, we report that mice harboring the S99N mutation in Fgf9 develop the curly tail phenotype and partially or fully fused caudal vertebrae and limb joints, which mimic the major phenotypes of SYNS3 patients. Further study reveals that the S99N mutation in Fgf9 disrupts joint interzone formation by affecting the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells at the early stage of joint development. Consistently, the limb bud micromass culture (LBMMC) assay shows that Fgf9 inhibits mesenchymal cell differentiation into chondrocytes by downregulating the expression of Sox6 and Sox9. However, the mutant protein does not exhibit the same inhibitory effect. We also show that Fgf9 is required for normal expression of Gdf5 in the prospective elbow and knee joints through its activation of Gdf5 promoter activity. Signal transduction assays indicate that the S99N mutation diminishes FGF signaling in developmental limb joints. Finally, we demonstrate that the conformational change in FGF9 resulting from the S99N mutation disrupts FGF9/FGFR/heparin interaction, which impedes FGF signaling in developmental joints. Taken together, we conclude that the S99N mutation in Fgf9 causes SYNS3 via the disturbance of joint interzone formation. These results further implicate the crucial role of Fgf9 during embryonic joint development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, P.R. China and
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, P.R. China and
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, P.R. China and
| | - Weigang Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, P.R. China and
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingmin Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Department of Radiology and Department of Pathology of Rui-Jin Hospital, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Jin
- Department of Radiology and Department of Pathology of Rui-Jin Hospital, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, P.R. China and
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, P.R. China and
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