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Huang H, Lin Q, Rui X, Huang Y, Wu X, Yang W, Yu Z, He W. Research status of facial nerve repair. Regen Ther 2023; 24:507-514. [PMID: 37841661 PMCID: PMC10570629 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, is critical in controlling the movement of the facial muscles. It is responsible for all facial expressions, such as smiling, frowning, and moving the eyebrows. However, damage to this nerve can occur for a variety of reasons, including maxillofacial surgery, trauma, tumors, and infections. Facial nerve injuries can cause severe functional impairment and can lead to different degrees of facial paralysis, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. Over the past ten years, significant progress has been made in the field of facial nerve repair. Different approaches, including direct suture, autologous nerve grafts, and tissue engineering, have been utilized for the repair of facial nerve injury. This article mainly summarizes the clinical methods and basic research progress of facial nerve repair in the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Hospital of stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xi Rui
- Hospital of stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- Hospital of stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenpeng He
- Hospital of stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Review of Drug Therapy for Peripheral Facial Nerve Regeneration That Can Be Used in Actual Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071678. [PMID: 35884983 PMCID: PMC9313135 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although facial nerve palsy is not a life-threatening disease, facial asymmetry affects interpersonal relationships, causes psychological stress, and devastates human life. The treatment and rehabilitation of facial paralysis has many socio-economic costs. Therefore, in cases of facial paralysis, it is necessary to identify the cause and provide the best treatment. However, until now, complete recovery has been difficult regardless of the treatment used in cases of complete paralysis of unknown cause and cutting injury of the facial nerve due to disease or accident. Therefore, this article aims to contribute to the future treatment of facial paralysis by reviewing studies on drugs that aid in nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve damage.
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Charoenlux P, Utoomprurkporn N, Seresirikachorn K. The efficacy of corticosteroid after facial nerve neurorrhaphy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 89:79-89. [PMID: 34815200 PMCID: PMC9874359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The benefit of corticosteroids following facial nerve neurorrhaphy in the setting of complete transection is questionable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate corticosteroid efficacy on facial nerve regeneration and functional recovery after complete disruption and neurorrhaphy. METHODS Randomized controlled trials on both human and animal models from Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE studying corticosteroid efficacy in complete facial nerve disruption followed by neurorrhaphy were included. Data were extracted and pooled for meta-analysis. The outcomes were evaluated from electrophysiology, histology, and functional recovery. However, no randomized controlled trial in human was performed. Possibly, performing human trials with histopathology may not be feasible in clinical setting. RESULTS Six animal studies (248 participants) met inclusion criteria. Electrophysiologic outcomes revealed no differences in latency (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = -1.97, 95% CI -7.38 to 3.44, p = 0.47) and amplitude (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI -0.44 to 1.18, p = 0.37) between systemic corticosteroids and controls. When analysis compared topical corticosteroid and control, the results provided no differences in latency (Mean Difference (MD) = 0.10, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.24, p = 0.16) and amplitude (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.10, p = 0.81). In histologic outcomes, the results showed no differences in axon diameter (MD = 0.13, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.41, p = 0.37) between systemic corticosteroid and control; however, the result in myelin thickness (MD = 0.06, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.08, p < 0.05) favored control group. When comparing systemic corticosteroid with control in eye blinking, the results favored control (MD = 1.33, 95% CI 0.60 to 2.06, p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS This evidence did not show potential benefits of systemic or topical corticosteroid deliveries after facial nerve neurorrhaphy in complete transection when evaluating electrophysiologic, histologic, and functional recovery outcomes in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapitphan Charoenlux
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawan Utoomprurkporn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,UCL Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kachorn Seresirikachorn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author.
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Şahin MM, Cayonu M, Dinc SK, Ozkocer E, Ilhan M, Uzunoğlu E, Elmas C, Yılmaz M, Akkol E. Effects of chitosan and platelet-rich plasma on facial nerve regeneration in an animal model. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:987-994. [PMID: 33956207 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is still no widely-accepted local agent proven to be effective in nerve regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan gel and platelet-rich plasma MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electrophysiological measurements were performed before and immediately after injury. The injured nerves were covered with spongostan impregnated with the following agents: Group 1 (Control Group): Saline at a dose of 50 µl; Group 2: Chitosan (CHT) at a dose of 50 µl; Group 3: PRP at a dose of 50 ml; and Group 4: a solution of CHT with PRP (1:1). The final measurements were performed after 3 weeks and the injured nerve of each rat was removed. RESULTS There were statistically-significant differences between the groups regarding the measurements of the after-treatment values of stimulus threshold (p < 0.05). The best improvement in electrophysiological measurement and histopathological evaluation was found in Group 4 (CHT-PRP). CONCLUSION Chitosan gel has a positive effect on nerve healing and applying it along with PRP can enhance the effect of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Melih Şahin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Melih Cayonu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Kayalı Dinc
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ozkocer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Ilhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eray Uzunoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Yılmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Longur ES, Yiğit Ö, Kalaycık Ertugay Ç, Araz Server E, Adatepe T, Akakın D, Orun O, Karagöz Köroğlu A. Effect of Bumetanide on Facial Nerve Regeneration in Rat Model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 164:117-123. [PMID: 32600218 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820937670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of bumetanide alone and in combination with dexamethasone on facial nerve regeneration in rats with facial paralysis. STUDY DESIGN A prospective controlled animal study. SETTING An animal laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Facial paralysis was induced in 32 Wistar rats that we then divided into 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, bumetanide; group 3, dexamethasone; group 4, bumetanide and dexamethasone. Electroneurography was performed 1, 2, and 4 weeks later, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by electron and light microscopy and Western blotting in week 4. RESULTS Regarding the comparison between preoperative values and week 4, the latency difference in group 1 (1.25 milliseconds) was significantly higher than those of groups 2 to 4 (0.56, 0.34, and 0.10 milliseconds, respectively; P = .001). The latency increment in groups 2 and 3 was higher than that of group 4 (P = .002 and P = .046) in week 4, whereas groups 2 and 3 did not differ significantly (P = .291). Amplitude difference was not statistically significant from week 4 among all groups (all P > .05). The number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all treatment groups than in the control group (P = .001). Axon number and intensity were significantly higher in group 4 as compared with groups 2 and 3 (P = .009, P = .005). CONCLUSION After primary neurorrhaphy, dexamethasone and bumetanide alone promoted nerve recovery based on electrophysiologic and histologic measures. Combination therapy was, however, superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Sevim Longur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Kalaycık Ertugay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Araz Server
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Adatepe
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Orun
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Karagöz Köroğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bolandghamat S, Behnam-Rassouli M. Recent Findings on the Effects of Pharmacological Agents on the Nerve Regeneration after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1154-1163. [PMID: 32379588 PMCID: PMC7709152 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507084024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are accompanied with neuropathic pain and functional disability. Despite improvements in surgical repair techniques in recent years, the functional recovery is yet unsatisfied. Indeed a successful nerve repair depends not only on the surgical strategy but also on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic nerve injury. In contrast to all strategies suggested for nerve repair, pharmacotherapy is a cheap, accessible and non-invasive treatment that can be used immediately after nerve injury. This study aimed to review the effects of some pharmacological agents on the nerve regeneration after traumatic PNI evaluated by functional, histological and electrophysiological assessments. In addition, some cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic actions, restricted to neural tissue, are suggested. These findings can not only help to find better strategies for peripheral nerve repair, but also to identify the neuropathic effects of various medications and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bolandghamat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
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Histopathological and Functional Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage: Melatonin as Radioprotector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080502. [PMID: 31430996 PMCID: PMC6722514 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation for cancer treatment. One of the side effects of radiotherapy is peripheral neuropathy. After irradiation, the first stage of neuropathy involves electrophysiological, biochemical and histopathological variations, while the fibrosis of soft tissues surrounding the exposed nerve occurs in the second stage. The present study aimed to examine the radioprotective effects of melatonin against ionizing radiation-induced sciatic nerve damage. Materials and Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: C (Control + Vehicle), M (Melatonin), R (Radiation + Vehicle), MR (Radiation + Melatonin). Their right legs were irradiated with a 30 Gy single dose of gamma rays. Then, 100 mg/kg melatonin was administered to the animals 30 min before irradiation once daily (5 mg/kg) until the day of rats' sacrifice. Their exposed nerve tissues were assessed using the sciatic functional index (SFI) and histological evaluation. Results: Four, 12 and 20 weeks post irradiation, the SFI results showed that irradiation led to partial loss of motor nerve function after 12 and 20 weeks. Histological evaluation showed the various stages of axonal degeneration and demyelination compared to the C and M groups. Scar-like tissues were detected around the irradiated nerves in the R group at 20 weeks, but were absent in the MR group. The SFI and histological results of the R group showed partial nerve lesion. However, in all cases, treatment with melatonin prevented these effects. Conclusions: Results showed that melatonin has the potential to improve functional and morphological features of exposed sciatic nerves. This could possibly improve the therapeutic window of radiotherapy.
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Abstract
Currently, there are no established adjuvant drugs for the acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration. In this paper, we reviewed the literature from the last 10 years and described the drugs proved to accelerate the functional and histological regeneration of the peripheral nerves, either after trauma or in neuropathy experimental models. The vast majority of the studies were experimental with very few small clinical studies, which indicates the need for prospective randomized studies to identify the best drugs to use as adjuvants for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpiu Bota
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Center of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus , Dresden , Germany
| | - Lucian Fodor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Surgical Clinic, Emergency District Hospital , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Tuna Edizer D, Dönmez Z, Gül M, Yiğit Ö, Yiğitcan B, Adatepe T, Uzun N. Effects of Melatonin and Dexamethasone on Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy. J Int Adv Otol 2018; 15:43-50. [PMID: 30541731 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of topical and systemic administrations of melatonin and dexamethasone on facial nerve regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 50 male albino Wistar rats underwent facial nerve axotomy and neurorrhaphy. The animals were divided into 5 groups: control, topical melatonin, systemic melatonin, topical dexamethasone, and systemic dexamethasone. Nerve conduction studies were performed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after drug administrations. Amplitude and latency of the compound muscle action potentials were recorded. Coapted facial nerves were investigated under light and electron microscopy. Nerve diameter, axon diameter, and myelin thickness were recorded quantitatively. RESULTS Amplitudes decreased and latencies increased in both the melatonin and dexamethasone groups. At the final examination, the electrophysiological evidence of facial nerve degeneration was not significantly different between the groups. Histopathological examinations revealed the largest nerve diameter in the melatonin groups, followed by the dexamethasone and control groups (p<0.05). Axon diameter of the control group was smaller than those of the melatonin (topical and systemic) and topical dexamethasone groups (p<0.05). The melatonin groups had almost normal myelin ultrastructure. CONCLUSION Electrophysiological evaluation did not reveal any potential benefit of dexamethasone and melatonin in contrast to histopathological examination, which revealed beneficial effects of melatonin in particular. These agents may increase the regeneration of facial nerves, but electrophysiological evidence of regeneration may appear later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna Edizer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Dönmez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Birgül Yiğitcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Turgut Adatepe
- Department of Electrophysiology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Uzun
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:33-52. [PMID: 29630951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on the role of melatonin in the regeneration of cells or tissues after their partial loss. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the molecular involvement of melatonin in the regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others.
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Tekdemir E, Tatlipinar A, Özbeyli D, Tekdemir Ö, Kınal E. The effects of lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on nerve healing in rats with facial paralysis . Acta Otolaryngol 2018; 138:537-541. [PMID: 29310488 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1420914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on nerve healing in rats with traumatic facial paralysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in the control group and eight each in the remaining three groups. The buccal branch of the facial nerve in all groups except the control group was traumatized by a vascular clamp for 40 minutes. Group 1 was given lipoic acid (LA), Group 2 was given methylprednisolone (MP), and Group 3 was given lipoic acid and methylprednisolone (LA + MP) for one week. Nerve stimulus thresholds were measured before trauma, after trauma and at the end of the one week treatment period. RESULTS When the groups were compared with each other, post-treatment threshold levels of LA + MP were significantly lower than LA. Although post-treatment threshold levels of LA and MP were still higher than the control group, there was no significant difference between LA + MP and control values (p > .05). CONCLUSION Lipoic acid has a positive effect on nerve healing and can enhance the effect of methylprednisolone treatment. It is a good alternative in cases where methylprednisolone cannot be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Tekdemir
- ENT Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Kozyatagi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatlipinar
- ENT Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Kozyatagi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Özbeyli
- Experimental Animal Laboratory, Marmara University School of Medicine, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Tekdemir
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Kınal
- ENT Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Kozyatagi, Istanbul, Turkey
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Uyanikgil Y, Cavusoglu T, Kılıc KD, Yigitturk G, Celik S, Tubbs RS, Turgut M. Useful Effects of Melatonin in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Development of the Nervous System. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2017; 12:e1-e6. [PMID: 28603548 PMCID: PMC5465311 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the role of melatonin (MLT) in defense against toxic-free radicals and its novel effects in the development of the nervous system, and the effect of endogenously produced and exogenously administered MLT in reducing the degree of tissue and nerve injuries. MLT was recently reported to be an effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant. Since endogenous MLT levels fall significantly in senility, these findings imply that the loss of this antioxidant could contribute to the incidence or severity of some age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the high efficacy of MLT in overcoming much of the injury not only to the peripheral nerve but also to other organs, clinical trials for this purpose should be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.,Cord Blood, Cell-Tissue Research and Application Center, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Turker Cavusoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.,Cord Blood, Cell-Tissue Research and Application Center, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Dogan Kılıc
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Servet Celik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Turgut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
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Sereflican M, Yurttas V, Ozyalvacli G, Terzi EH, Turkoglu SA, Yildiz S, Ilgaz Y, Seyhan S, Oral M, Dagli M. The histopathological and electrophysiological effects of thymoquinone and methylprednisolone in a rabbit traumatic facial nerve paralysis model. Am J Otolaryngol 2016; 37:407-15. [PMID: 27311344 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effects of methylprednisolone and thymoquinone on nerve healing in a traumatic facial nerve paralysis animal model. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: group I: control group received no medication and no trauma; group II: sham group received no medication after facial nerve trauma group III: 5mg/kg/day thymoquinone administered; group IV: 1mg/kg/day methylprednisolone administered. An initial electrophysiological assessment was performed in all the animals. The buccal branch of the facial nerve was then clipped to form a traumatic facial paralysis model. The drugs were administered for two weeks once a day. At the end of the second month, the electrophysiological assessments were performed and the distal part of the traumatic facial nerve were dissected and examined under light microscopy. RESULTS Best nerve regeneration was observed in the control and the thymoquinone groups, respectively, whereas the weakest regeneration was determined in the sham group. Thymoquinone and methylprednisolone significantly increased nerve recovery, as measured by histopathological scores and electrophysiological assessment. In the thymoquinone group, due to postoperative amplitude, axon diameter and thickness of myelin sheath values were significantly further increased nerve regeneration compared to that of the methylprednisolone group and these values were close to those of the values of the control group. CONCLUSION Thymoquinone was slightly better than methylprednisolone for functional nerve recovery. The neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone was attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thymoquinone can have a new treatment option to ameliorate the nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sereflican
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Yurttas
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Gulzade Ozyalvacli
- Department of Pathology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Elcin Hakan Terzi
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sule Aydin Turkoglu
- Department of Neurology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serpil Yildiz
- Department of Neurology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ilgaz
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Seyhan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mesut Oral
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Dagli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
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