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Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, Bitton E, Chen W, Hafezi F, Hamrah P, Hogg RE, Horwath-Winter J, Kontadakis GA, Mehta JS, Messmer EM, Perez VL, Zadok D, Willcox MDP. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of elective medications and procedures on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:331-385. [PMID: 37087043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The word "elective" refers to medications and procedures undertaken by choice or with a lower grade of prioritization. Patients usually use elective medications or undergo elective procedures to treat pathologic conditions or for cosmetic enhancement, impacting their lifestyle positively and, thus, improving their quality of life. However, those interventions can affect the homeostasis of the tear film and ocular surface. Consequently, they generate signs and symptoms that could impair the patient's quality of life. This report describes the impact of elective topical and systemic medications and procedures on the ocular surface and the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, elective procedures performed for ocular diseases, cosmetic enhancement, and non-ophthalmic interventions, such as radiotherapy and bariatric surgery, are discussed. The report also evaluates significant anatomical and biological consequences of non-urgent interventions to the ocular surface, such as neuropathic and neurotrophic keratopathies. Besides that, it provides an overview of the prophylaxis and management of pathological conditions resulting from the studied interventions and suggests areas for future research. The report also contains a systematic review investigating the quality of life among people who have undergone small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Overall, SMILE refractive surgery seems to cause more vision disturbances than LASIK in the first month post-surgery, but less dry eye symptoms in long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvaro P Gomes
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine (UNIFESP/EPM), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital & Vision Institute, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France
| | - Etty Bitton
- Ecole d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Wei Chen
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Pedram Hamrah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor L Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Zadok
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated to the Hebrew University, School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Elhamaky TR. Small Incision Upper Blepharoplasty in the Treatment of Upper Eyelid Solitary Nasal Pad Fat Protrusion. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2023; 16:210-213. [PMID: 38189077 PMCID: PMC10768960 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_33_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this article is to investigate the efficacy of small incision blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid single nasal pad fat bulge. Materials and Methods This is a prospective study of 43 eyes of 24 patients who underwent small incision upper blepharoplasty for the treatment of solitary nasal pad fat bulge. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, periorbital evaluation, and patient satisfaction evaluation using Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Blepharoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (BOE) at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery. All patients underwent small incision upper eyelid blepharoplasty for excision of nasal fat pad bulge. Results Baseline nasal fat bulge was graded into grades 1, 2, and 3 in 4 (9.3%), 12 (27.9%), and 27 (62.8%) eyes, respectively. While at 6-month follow-up, grade 0 was recorded in 38 (88.4%) eyes, and grade 1 was recorded in 5 (11.6%) eyes. The mean operative time was 11.7 ± 1.9 min. GAIS showed degrees 1, 2, and 3 in 2 (8.3%), 19 (79.2%), and 3 (12.5%) patients at 6-month follow-up, respectively. Twenty-two patients (91.7%) reported a BOE scale of more than 95%, whereas two patients (8.3%) reported a scale of 80-90% at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion Our cohort highlights the beneficial effects of small incision upper blepharoplasty in the treatment of upper eyelid solitary or lone nasal pad fat bulge, providing a safe, short-timing, and effective option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek R Elhamaky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Nafees Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Scarano A, Rapone B, Amuso D, Inchingolo F, Lorusso F. Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Enriched with Glycine and Proline in Eyebrow Augmentation Procedure. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:419-428. [PMID: 34231022 PMCID: PMC8831293 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The eyebrow area is a clinically critical district due to the anatomical complexity and the propensity to aging-related atrophy. Hyaluronic acid fillers have been proposed to recover the dermal volume of the facial and lips regions. Aim The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate hyaluronic acid fillers enriched with glycine and proline for the treatment of eyebrow augmentation. Methods A total of 15 healthy patients were treated with eyebrow augmentation procedure. The distance between mid-bipupil to lateral eyebrow and mid-eyebrow to the medial eyebrow was measured before, immediately after treatment and at follow-up of 6 months. Results The healing period was uneventful, and no evidence of inflammation or swelling associated with the treatment was reported. No macroscopical alteration was reported in the surrounding tissues with no evidences of visible wheals or lumps in the treated sites at the follow-up. Before treatment, the angle was equal to 9.32 ± 0.2°, while after treatment it was 11.21 ± 0.4° (p < 0.01); after three and 6 weeks, it was, respectively, 10.66 ± 0.2° (p<0.05) and 10.02 ± 0.3°(p > 0.05). Conclusions The study results suggest that the hyaluronic acid fillers enriched with glycine and proline treatment resulted as being a useful procedure for augmentation, contour and volume definition and elevation of the eyebrow region with a high-level aesthetic result. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Inchingolo F, Hazballa D, Inchingolo AD, Malcangi G, Marinelli G, Mancini A, Maggiore ME, Bordea IR, Scarano A, Farronato M, Tartaglia GM, Lorusso F, Inchingolo AM, Dipalma G. Innovative Concepts and Recent Breakthrough for Engineered Graft and Constructs for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1120. [PMID: 35161065 PMCID: PMC8839672 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, regenerative medicine and dentistry have been improved with new therapies and innovative clinical protocols. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate through a critical review the recent innovations in the field of bone regeneration with a focus on the healing potentials and clinical protocols of bone substitutes combined with engineered constructs, growth factors and photobiomodulation applications. METHODS A Boolean systematic search was conducted by PubMed/Medline, PubMed/Central, Web of Science and Google scholar databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS After the initial screening, a total of 304 papers were considered eligible for the qualitative synthesis. The articles included were categorized according to the main topics: alloplastic bone substitutes, autologous teeth derived substitutes, xenografts, platelet-derived concentrates, laser therapy, microbiota and bone metabolism and mesenchymal cells construct. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of the present investigation showed that the use of biocompatible and bio-resorbable bone substitutes are related to the high-predictability of the bone regeneration protocols, while the oral microbiota and systemic health of the patient produce a clinical advantage for the long-term success of the regeneration procedures and implant-supported restorations. The use of growth factors is able to reduce the co-morbidity of the regenerative procedure ameliorating the post-operative healing phase. The LLLT is an adjuvant protocol to improve the soft and hard tissues response for bone regeneration treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Denisa Hazballa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
- Kongresi Elbasanit, Rruga: Aqif Pasha, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Maria Elena Maggiore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Marco Farronato
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (G.M.T.)
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (G.M.T.)
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (A.M.); (M.E.M.); (A.M.I.)
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Static Crow's Feet Treated with Voltaic Arc Dermabrasion (Atmospheric Plasma): Post-Operative Pain Assessment by Thermal Infrared Imaging. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143074. [PMID: 34300242 PMCID: PMC8305919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the literature, several strategies have been described for the treatment of unaesthetic marks on the face resulting from the aging processes. The atmospheric plasma procedure is a non-invasive, inexpensive technique proposed for the rejuvenation of facial tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of voltaic arc dermabrasion (VAD) for the treatment of static crow's feet of the periorbital area. METHODS The crow's feet of 135 patients (127 female and 8 male) were treated using the VAD technique. The perioperative skin temperature measurement was assessed using an Infrared Temperature sensor. The pain was measured using the Visual Analogic Score (VAS) at 1 week, 1 month and 1 year. The patient's and surgeon's satisfaction were assessed using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) at 1 month and 1 year from the procedure. The severity of the crow's feet was rated using the Crow's Feet Grading Scale (CFGS). RESULTS A complete epidermal healing of all the subjects treated was evident at 7 days. The atmospheric plasma technique showed an efficient treatment for the removal of the crow's feet, with a good aesthetic outcome, high surgeon and patient satisfaction, without clinical complications. CONCLUSIONS The atmospheric plasma technique can be a useful modality in the cosmetic as well as therapeutic treatment of crow's feet.
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Scarano A, Carinci F, Candotto V, Lorusso F. Eradication of Benign Skin Lesions of the Face by Voltaic Arc Dermabrasion (Atmospheric Plasma): Postoperative Pain Assessment by Thermal Infrared Imaging. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:2277-2285. [PMID: 32767038 PMCID: PMC7683462 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The face aging processes are associated with physiologic and biochemical alteration that produces wrinkles, skin pigmentation and benign growths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of voltaic arc dermabrasion with plasma to remove benign facial skin lesions. Study Design Voltaic arc dermabrasion plasma technique was used to remove the facial benign skin lesions. The study involved 45 patients (26 females;19 males) treated for benign facial skin lesions with voltaic arc dermabrasion also called plasma exeresis technique. The subjects age ranged between 43 and 65 years. The clinical observations and comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment photographs of the treated regions were performed by a joint examiner at each follow-up visit. Results During plasma irradiation, the average temperature of the skin was 290.3 ± 21.7 °C, while immediately after it was 90.6 ± 21.8 °C. Overall clinical improvement was 100% in six lesions with complete resolution of all lesions. Three patients observed a transient post-inflammatory pigmentation with a peak at 1 month after VAD treatment, gradually fading spontaneously over 2 to 3 months. Conclusions The voltaic arc dermabrasion technique (atmospheric plasma) should be considered for lesions, especially relatively superficial ones, and small lesions that are located on the face. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Ferreira FC, Sathler CSCDO, Hida IY, Leite SC, Kusabara AA, de Castro ACV, Ribeiro MZML, Nahas TR. Upper eyelid blepharoplasty using plasma exeresis: Evaluation of outcomes, satisfaction, and symptoms after procedure. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2758-2764. [PMID: 33252188 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial care treatments have grown a remarkable demand for effective and minimally invasive techniques with fast recovery time. Plasma technology is a nonsurgical alternative technique for skin rejuvenation. AIMS We assessed patient satisfaction and symptoms after upper eyelid blepharoplasty with plasma technology. PATIENTS/METHODS Observational study including 16 patients submitted to upper eyelid blepharoplasty using plasma technology to treat dermatochalasis. Patient satisfaction, symptoms, and quality of life were assessed using 2 questionnaires at follow-up days 7 and 30. Also, the answers were correlated with age, Fitzpatrick skin type, and quantity of eyelid skin treated with plasma. RESULTS All 16 patients were treated and completed the survey. Fourteen (87.5%) were female, and the mean age was 50.5 years. Physical appearance was the most relevant factor impacting on quality of life at first week postoperative. Regarding satisfaction with results, most patients stated higher level of satisfaction at day 7 follow-up analysis (P = .038). Less impact on quality of life and higher satisfaction was associated with eyelid-treated area (P = .044 and P = .036) and Fitzpatrick skin type (P = .043) at 7 and 30 days after procedure, respectively. Eyelid edema and itching were the symptoms most reported at 7 and 30 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Upper blepharoplasty with plasma is a minimally invasive treatment with low impact on quality of life. However, overall patient satisfaction is questionable when considering less willing of undergoing procedure again and decreased expectation with results over postoperative period. Symptoms are reported mainly at the first week after procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Calice Ferreira
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ilana Yamakami Hida
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana Crispin Leite
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Vieira de Castro
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Rizkallah Nahas
- Oculoplastic Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Malignant Lymphoma Mimicking Medial Fat Pad Prolapse: A Pitfall for Upper Eyelid Rejuvenation. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:e359-e360. [PMID: 32149980 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two patients with malignant lymphoma in the medial area of the upper eyelid mimicking medial fat pad prolapse have been reported. Both of them did not notice any eyelid/orbital mass before presentation to us. They were managed with a complete excisional biopsy of the mass, respectively. In both the patients, pathologic results were compatible with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Neither any other lesion was detected nor any recurrence was seen, without the need of further treatment in either of them. Although the medial fat pad prolapse can be easily diagnosed by inspection only, the results of our study elucidate the importance of palpation for its definite diagnosis.
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Scarano A, Carinci F, Festa F, Candotto V, Amore R, Lorusso F. Periauricular wrinkles removed with voltaic arc dermabrasion (Atmospheric Plasma technique). J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1709-1714. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Master Program in Aesthetic Medicine University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Master Program in Aesthetic Medicine University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Felice Festa
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Valentina Candotto
- Medical‑Surgical Sciences of Communication and Behavior, Section of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Amore
- Master of Techniques of Aesthetic Medicine and Wellness University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
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Scarano A, Lorusso F, Di Cerbo A, Lucchina AG, Carinci F. Eradication of hairy mouth after oncological resection of the tongue and floor mouth using a diode laser 808 nm. Postoperative pain assessment using thermal infrared imaging. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:516-521. [PMID: 30614012 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascularized soft tissue flaps are often harvested from hair-bearing areas, such as the radial forearm or anterolateral thigh, making their use in oral reconstruction problematic due to postoperative hair growth. The presence of intact hair follicles in free tissue transfer and continued hair growth at the recipient site can result in difficulties with oral hygiene, intraoral irritation, food trapping, and patient distress. This study was to evaluate the intraoral efficacy and safety of a diode laser 808 nm when used for hair removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen male patients, between 2010 and 2017, were referred for intraoral hair eradication with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue or floor mouth resection. An 808 nm diode laser (Stark 808, Plume s.r.l., Rome, Italy) was used to remove the intraoral hair. Each patient received a total of six treatments at 4-week intervals. Perifollicular pain was quantified by the physician using visual analog scales. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 1, 4, and 6 days to check the state of the tissues. The recall program included assessments of VAS, erythema, and perifollicular temperature. Patients were followed up for long-term assessments at 6 and 12 months after the final treatment session. RESULTS All patients presented well with no occurrence of symptoms, indicating possible perifollicular inflammation. Based on the VAS scores, very mild discomfort during laser irradiation was recorded in all patients, with average pain score of 10.98 ± 1.42. No pain or discomfort was recorded 1, 4, and 6 days after the procedure. After the third pulse of light was applied, the average temperature with standard deviation of the hair tip with both the dark and light skin was 74.4 ± 11.7°C. The difference in temperature before the procedure (basal measurement 37.5 ± 2.8°C) and immediately after laser irradiation was 36.9 ± 3.7°C. The difference in temperature disappeared after 0.29 seconds, and no temperature increase was recorded on days 1, 4, or 6. In all the patients, the hair clearance between baseline and the 6th treatment, the 6-month follow-up, and the 12-month follow-up rated as significant P < 0.05. The mean percentage of hair reduction was 97.3% at 12 months. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the clinical findings demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the 808 nm diode laser system for intraoral hair removal Lasers Surg. Med. 51:516-521, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi Met, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi Met, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi Met, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberta Greco Lucchina
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, and Oral Surgery Unit, Regina Margherita Pediatric Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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