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Golfeshan F, Nasseri Mojarad A, Sardarian AR. Assessment of the Acceptable Range of Lips and Chin Position in Two Different Geographical Zones of Iran among Laypersons. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2024; 25:169-177. [PMID: 38962081 PMCID: PMC11217067 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2023.97251.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem The position of the chin and lips are important components in the lower third of the face and can be changed by orthodontic treatment. It seems that factors such as diversity in culture, ethnicity, and place of residence are among the factors affecting people's perception of beauty. Iran, as a vast country, contains different ethnicities and cultures, and of course, it is not exempt from this point of view. Purpose Our purpose of conducting this study is to investigate the impact of the difference in living environment and culture on people's aesthetic perception. Orthodontists and oral surgeons can use these data to choose the best treatment plan for the patients according to their geographical zones. Material and Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the perception of lips and chin position. A series of 25 profile images were prepared in 5 sets. Each set contained 5 profile images. Northern and Southern lay people and orthodontists were asked to evaluate the profile series of each set in 1 session and score them from 1 to 5: 1, very unattractive; 2, unattractive; 3, neither attractive nor unattractive; 4, attractive; or 5, very attractive. Results 652 participants in 3 groups, including 16 orthodontists (10 men and 6 women), 318 lay people of the North of Iran (172 men and 138 women), and 318 lay people of the South of Iran (175 men and 139 women) participated in this study. Regardless of the chin position, normal lip position and slight changes of that (in both protruded and retruded positions) were more favorable for all three groups. The images with moderately retruded lips were scored as the least attractive by all three groups and orthodontist gave the lowest score to these profiles. Southern people could better tolerate moderately retruded lips than other two groups. In the fifth series, orthodontists preferred slightly and moderately protruded lips in comparison to other two groups of laypeople. Conclusion Regardless of the chin position, normal and slightly (-2mm to +2mm) protruded and retruded lips were more favorable in all three groups. Southern people could better tolerate moderately retruded lips than the two other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Golfeshan
- Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Orthodontic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Athar Nasseri Mojarad
- Orthodontics Research Center, School Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Sardarian
- Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry Orthodontic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ho CT, Denadai R, Lo LJ, Lin HH. Average Three-Dimensional Skeletofacial Model as a Template for Bone Repositioning during Virtual Orthognathic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:435-444. [PMID: 36940142 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual planning has revolutionized orthognathic surgery. This study presents a computer-assisted method for constructing average three-dimensional skeletofacial models that can be applied as templates for surgical planning for maxillomandibular repositioning. METHODS The authors used the images of 60 individuals (30 women and 30 men) who had never undergone orthognathic surgery to construct an average three-dimensional skeletofacial model for male participants and one for female participants. The authors validated the accuracy of the newly developed skeletofacial models by comparing their images with 30 surgical simulation images (ie, skulls) that had been created using three-dimensional cephalometric normative data. The comparison was conducted by superimposing surgical simulation images created using the authors' models with the previously created images to analyze their differences, particularly differences in the jawbone position. RESULTS For all participants, the authors compared the jaw position in the surgical simulation images created using the authors' average three-dimensional skeletofacial models with that in the images created using three-dimensional cephalometric normative data. The results revealed that the planned maxillary and mandibular positions were similar in both images and that the differences between all facial landmarks were less than 1 mm, except for one dental position. Most studies have reported less than 2 mm to be the success criterion for the distance difference between planned and outcome images; thus, the authors' data indicate high consistency between the images in terms of jawbone position. CONCLUSION The authors' average three-dimensional skeletofacial models provide an innovative template-assisted orthognathic surgery planning modality that can enhance the fully digital workflow for virtual orthognathic surgical planning. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ting Ho
- From the Division of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry
| | - Rafael Denadai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University
| | - Lun-Jou Lo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University
| | - Hsiu-Hsia Lin
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
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Nongthombam H, Kumar M, Goyal M, Abrar M, Shaha KS, Kumar S. Regional influence on the aesthetic preference of different Mongolian profiles: A comparative study of assessors from Northeast and Mainland India. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100730. [PMID: 36773557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the aesthetic preferences of three different groups-layperson, dentists, and orthodontists, with different ethnic and geographical backgrounds from North-eastern and Mainland India, and to evaluate whether there is any difference in the perception of facial profile aesthetics. The influence of one's ethnic and regional origin in the perception of facial profile aesthetics was evaluated in two populations of different backgrounds using VAS scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS Facial profile photos of 2 Mongolian descendants, 1 man and 1 woman having Class I (normal) profile were digitized and modified, sagittally, to obtain 7 sagittal variations of each profile. A total of 7 profile images were obtained for each of the male and female models. The photos were ranked by 240 participants from an aesthetic point of view between a score of 1 (very unattractive) and 10 (very attractive). Repeated measures ANOVA was used for intra-group comparison whereas one-way ANOVA and Z-test were used for inter-group comparisons. RESULTS The Class I profile was the most preferred in both male and female profile photos by orthodontists of both the two populations, whereas the Class III profile (prognathic mandible) was considered the least attractive (P<0.05). North-eastern layperson and dentists preferred profiles with a slightly retrusive maxilla, while mainland layperson and dentists were tolerant to a protrusive profile (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The participants' perception regarding the Class I profile aesthetics were found to be similar. However, differences were observed in the profile preferences in people of different ethnicities and regions. Also, professional training was found to influence the perception of profile aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Nongthombam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Goyal
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Abrar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpit Shitalkumar Shaha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zwahlen RA, Tang ATH, Leung WK, Tan SK. Does 3-dimensional facial attractiveness relate to golden ratio, neoclassical canons, 'ideal' ratios and 'ideal' angles? Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 44:28. [PMID: 36070018 PMCID: PMC9452610 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-022-00358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The established recommendations and guidelines regarding ideal measurements for an attractive face are mostly based on data gathered among Caucasian population. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perception of 3-dimensional facial attractiveness and golden ratio, neoclassical canons, ‘ideal’ ratios and ‘ideal’ angles in Hong Kong Chinese. Methods Thirty 3-D photographs (15 males and 15 females) were shown to 101 laypersons and 60 patients seeking orthognathic treatment. The photographs were rated based on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (very unattractive) to 100 (very attractive). Results More than half of the measurements (42/77) in females and thirty-two measurements in males were found to be significantly different from the ideal target value (p < 0.05) upon the comparison of the attractive faces with golden ratio, neoclassical canons, ‘ideal’ ratios and ‘ideal’ angles. Meanwhile, correlation tests between VAS scores and the parameters detected significant results (p < 0.05) in only six ratios, eight angles, one neoclassical canon and one proportion. Conclusions Despite several renowned ‘ideal’ parameters of attractive faces that have been recommended in the literature, only a few of them were found to be significantly correlated with attractive faces in Hong Kong Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Zwahlen
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Unità Di Chirurgia Maxillofacciale E Orale, Ospedale Regionale Lugano Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6903, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alexander T H Tang
- Private Practice, 503 Tak Shing House, 20 Des Voeux Road, Central, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Keng Tan
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
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Yan Y, Xu Y, Han W, Kim BS, Zhang Y, Chai G. Changes in Facial Soft Tissues after Mandibular Angle Ostectomy Based on Three-Dimensional Measurement: A Clinical Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 80:1493-1504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Lower Face Contouring: Layperson Perceptions of Attractiveness and Personality Traits. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:552-556. [PMID: 34636764 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional approaches to lower face contouring involve ostectomy of the mandibular angle or body. More recently, nonsurgical techniques have gained popularity, including neurotoxin injection to the masseter muscle. This study aims to evaluate layperson perceptions of patient attractiveness and personality traits following lower face contouring using either surgical or nonsurgical treatment. METHODS In this survey study distributed via Amazon's Mechanical Turk, respondents viewed a series of 14 patient images obtained in clinic before and after surgical or nonsurgical jawline slimming, or without any facial aesthetic procedure. Respondents rated changes in attractiveness and personality trait scores between the before and after image (score: -50 to 50, with 50 representing the greatest posttreatment increase and 0 representing no change). We used descriptive statistics and multivariable regression to determine differences in respondent ratings between patient images. RESULTS A total of 415 respondents (mean age 38 years, 50.6% female) successfully completed the survey. Compared to patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment, those who received surgery had significantly greater increases in perceived attractiveness (P < 0.001), femininity (P < 0.001), friendliness (P < 0.001), intelligence (P < 0.001), trustworthiness (P < 0.001), financial wealthiness (P < 0.001), dominance (P < 0.01), and self-esteem (P < 0.001). Gonial angles increased and jaw widths decreased following both surgical and nonsurgical intervention, with no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS From the layperson perspective, surgical compared to nonsurgical jawline contouring offers greater improvements in perceptions of attractiveness and favorable personality traits.
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Zhao D, Lu Q, Zou S, Sun J, Hu F. Accuracy of individualized 3D modeling of ossicles using high-resolution computed tomography imaging data. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2406-2414. [PMID: 34079711 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the visibility of small ossicle parts/landmarks on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)/3D reconstruction (3D) to investigate what improvements in scanning resolution are needed before accurate 3D printing of patient-specific ossicles is possible. Methods A total of 24 patients with sudden deafness sought consultation at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital between October 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent a 256-slice spiral HRCT temporal bone axial scan, yielding a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine documents series. These documents were then inputted into Mimics 16.0 interactive medical image processing software for data conversion and the creation of 3D segmentation and visualizations of the ossicles. Finally, the 3D images were compared using multiplanar reformation (MPR) and 3D volume-rendering (VR) reconstructed images of ossicles to verify their consistency. These were then compared with the normal ossicle structure to evaluate the accuracy of the restoration. Results The findings indicated that the morphology of the ossicles from the converted Mimics 16.0 data achieved a display rate of ≥90% when used to display 7 landmarks (the caput mallei, collum mallei, processus lateralis mallei, manubrium mallei, corpus incudis, crus longum incudis, and crus breve incudis). This demonstrates excellent matching with the images of ossicles obtained from MPR and 3D VR reconstruction. Kappa consistency testing found that the κ-value was higher than 0.75. When displaying the lenticular process, caput stapedis, crus anterius stapedis, and crus posterius stapedis landmarks. The display rate was around 60%, which shows good matching with the ossicles' images obtained from MPR and 3D VR reconstruction, with a κ-value >0.4. However, the display rate of the stapes footplate was only 25%, showing greater differences with the images obtained from MPR (76.4%) and 3D VR reconstruction (52.8%), with a κ-value <0.4. Conclusions The accuracy of the visualization of the malleus and incus after restoration via Mimics 16.0 software, based on temporal bone HRCT data, was high, and the degree of restoration was good. However, the accuracy and degree of restoration of the stapes footplate require further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danheng Zhao
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaohui Lu
- Department of Imaging, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhen Zou
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fazong Hu
- Center of 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai, China
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