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Kitagawa N, Fukino K, Irani C, Abe Y, Kunisada Y, Ibaragi S, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. Lingual nerve revisited-A comprehensive review Part I: Anatomy and variations. Clin Anat 2024. [PMID: 39118432 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal. It primarily carries sensory fibers from the lingual gingiva, mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth, sublingual gland, and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Recent studies have explored and reclassified the five branches of the LN as branches to the isthmus of the fauces, lingual branches, sublingual nerves, posterior branch to the submandibular ganglion, and branches to the sublingual ganglion. The knowledge of the LN anatomy and its variants is clinically relevant to avoid its injury during oral procedures. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the LN and to describe the anatomy, its course, and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kitagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chista Irani
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yushi Abe
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kunisada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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