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Karadayi A, Sarsmaz H, Çigel A, Engiz B, Ünal N, Ürkmez S, Gürgen S. Does Microwave Exposure at Different Doses in the Pre/Postnatal Period Affect Growing Rat Bone Development? Physiol Res 2024; 73:157-172. [PMID: 38466013 PMCID: PMC11019611 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of pre/postnatal 2.45 GHz continuous wave (CW), Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Microwave (MW) irradiation on bone have yet to be well defined. The present study used biochemical and histological methods to investigate effects on bone formation and resorption in the serum and the tibia bone tissues of growing rats exposed to MW irradiation during the pre/postnatal period. Six groups were created: one control group and five experimental groups subjected to low-level different electromagnetic fields (EMF) of growing male rats born from pregnant rats. During the experiment, the bodies of all five groups were exposed to 2.45 GHz CW-MW for one hour/day. EMF exposure started after fertilization in the experimental group. When the growing male rats were 45 days old in the postnatal period, the control and five experimental groups' growing male and maternal rats were sacrificed, and their tibia tissues were removed. Maternal rats were not included in the study. No differences were observed between the control and five experimental groups in Receptor Activator Nuclear factor-kB (RANK) biochemical results. In contrast, there was a statistically significant increase in soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor-kB Ligand (sRANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) for 10 V/m and 15 V/m EMF values. Histologically, changes in the same groups supported biochemical results. These results indicate that pre/postnatal exposure to 2.45 GHz EMF at 10 and 15 V/m potentially affects bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karadayi
- Department of Biophysics, Medicine Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Republic of Türkiye.
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Bektas H, Nalbant A, Akdag MB, Demir C, Kavak S, Dasdag S. Adverse effects of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phones on bone and skeletal muscle. Electromagn Biol Med 2023; 42:12-20. [PMID: 36794487 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2023.2179065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to biomechanically and morphologically research both the impact of mobile phone like radiofrequency radiations (RFR) on the tibia and the effects on skeletal muscle through oxidative stress parameters. Fifty-six rats (200-250 g) were put into groups: healthy sham (n = 7), healthy RFR (900, 1800, 2100 MHz) (n = 21), diabetic sham (n = 7) and diabetic RFR (900, 1800, 2100 MHz) (n = 21). Over a month, each group spent two hours/day in a Plexiglas carousel. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to RFR, but the sham groups were not. At the end of the experiment, the right tibia bones and skeletal muscle tissue were removed. The three-point bending test and radiological evaluations were performed on the bones, and CAT, GSH, MDA, and IMA in muscles were measured. There were differences in biomechanics properties and radiological evaluations between the groups (p < .05). In the measurements in the muscle tissues, significant differences were statistically found (p < .05). The average whole-body SAR values for GSM 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz were 0.026, 0.164, and 0.173 W/kg. RFRs emitted from mobile phone may cause adverse effects on tibia and skeletal muscle health, though further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hava Bektas
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Asrin Nalbant
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Berat Akdag
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Demir
- Health Services Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Servet Kavak
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Dasdag
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hayar M, Durankuş NK, Altun GD, Koçak Z, Uzal MC, Saynak M. Investigation of differences of sacral and vertebral bone mineral densities before and after radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Cancer Radiother 2019; 23:408-415. [PMID: 31331841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a treatment method performed using ionizing radiation on cancer patients either alone or with surgery and/or chemotherapy. Although modern radiotherapy techniques provide a significant advantage in protecting healthy tissues, it is inevitable that normal tissues are also located in the areas targeted by radiations. In this study, we aimed to examine the bone mineral density changes in bone structures commonly included in the irradiated area such as, L5 vertebra, sacrum, and femur heads, in patients who have received pelvic radiotherapy; and the relationship between these changes with radiation dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients included in the study had been previously diagnosed with rectal cancer, which were operated or not. Preoperative or postoperative pelvic radiotherapy was planned for all patients. In terms of convenience when comparing with future scans, all densitometry and CT scans were performed with the same devices. Fifteen patients were included in the study. In order to determine the dose of radiation each identified area had taken after radiotherapy, the sacrum, L5 vertebra, bilateral femoral heads, and L1 regions were contoured in the CT scans in which treatment planning was done. Sagittal cross-sectional images were taken advantage of while these regions were being contoured. RESULTS Bone mineral density was evaluated with CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after the treatment. The regions that have theoretically been exposed to irradiation, such as L5, sacrum, left to right femur were found to have significant difference in terms of bone density. According to CT evaluation, there was a significant decrease in bone intensity of L5, sacrum, left and right femurs. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment revealed that the whole of the left femoral head, left femur neck and Ward's region were significantly affected by radiotherapy. However, there was no significant difference in the sacrum and L5 vertebra before and after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION More accurate results could be achieved if the same study was conducted on a larger patient population, with a longer follow-up period. When the reduction in bone density is at maximum or a cure is likely in a long-term period, bone mineral density could be determined by measurements performed at regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Balıkesir State Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - N K Durankuş
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - G D Altun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Z Koçak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - M C Uzal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - M Saynak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Khaki-Khatibi F, Nourazarian A, Ahmadi F, Farhoudi M, Savadi-Oskouei D, Pourostadi M, Asgharzadeh M. Relationship between the use of electronic devices and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:287-292. [PMID: 31168332 PMCID: PMC6520423 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Dirty electricity generated by electronic equipment is one of the environmental factors that may directly or indirectly impact MS susceptibility. The current Study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the usage time of electronic equipment and susceptibility to MS in North-West Iranian people. This approach was carried out upon 471 MS-diagnosed patients and 453 healthy participants as control group in East Province of Azerbaijan. By utilizing structured questionnaires, the information of all participants about usage status of some electronic devices was obtained. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 18.0 and the quantitative variables were analyzed by Chi Square and Independent sample t tests. P values below or equal to 0.05 were considered as significant. Among the evaluated items in this approach, the utilization of cell phones and satellite television dishes were significantly higher in MS patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.07). Furthermore, a correlation was observed between sleeping with cell phone and/or laptop under the pillow (p = 0.011) and MS disease; however, there was no significant differences between MS patients and controls in computer using and television watching. Our study reinforces the concept that the utilization of some electronic devices and the continuous exposure to dirty electricity would increase the risk of MS disease thereupon by enhancing the cognizance of adverse effects of dirty electricity and reducing the time spent over electronic devices during adolescence and adulthood the occurrence probability of MS could be declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Pourostadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Effect of Electromagnetic Wave on Bone Healing in Fixed and Unfixed Conditions. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:1606-8. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kunt H, Şentürk İ, Gönül Y, Korkmaz M, Ahsen A, Hazman Ö, Bal A, Genç A, Songur A. Effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure on bone mineral density, thyroid, and oxidative stress index in electrical workers. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:745-54. [PMID: 26929645 PMCID: PMC4758783 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the literature, some articles report that the incidence of numerous diseases increases among the individuals who live around high-voltage electric transmission lines (HVETL) or are exposed vocationally. However, it was not investigated whether HVETL affect bone metabolism, oxidative stress, and the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone density measurements, serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), RANK, RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphor, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were analyzed to investigate this effect. Results Bone mineral density levels of L1–L4 vertebrae and femur were observed significantly lower in the electrical workers. ALP, phosphor, RANK, RANKL, TOS, OSI, and anteroposterior diameter of the left thyroid lobe levels were significantly higher, and OPG, TAS, and FT4 levels were detected significantly lower in the study group when compared with the control group. Conclusion Consequently, it was observed that the balance between construction and destruction in the bone metabolism of the electrical workers who were employed in HVETL replaced toward destruction and led to a decrease in OPG levels and an increase in RANK and RANKL levels. In line with the previous studies, long-term exposure to an electromagnetic field causes disorders in many organs and systems. Thus, it is considered that long-term exposure to an electromagnetic field affects bone and thyroid metabolism and also increases OSI by increasing the TOS and decreasing the antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Kunt
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - İhsan Şentürk
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Yücel Gönül
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ahsen
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ömer Hazman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bal
- Department of General Surgery, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Genç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Songur
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Nisbet HO, Akar A, Nisbet C, Gulbahar MY, Ozak A, Yardimci C, Comlekci S. Effects of electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) exposure on growth plate in growing rats. Res Vet Sci 2015; 104:24-9. [PMID: 26850533 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole-body electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on growth plates in growing male rats. Two groups of rats were exposed to either 900 MHz EMF or 1800 MHz EMF 2 h/day for 90 days. Sham control rats were kept under similar conditions without exposure to the EMF. The rats in the EMF group experienced a more rapid weight gain and increase in length (p < 0.05). Calcium, growth hormone, estradiol and testosterone levels in the EMF groups were higher (p < 0.05). The Safranin O staining density of femoral growth plate was lowest in the reserve zone of rats exposed to 1800 MHz and was increased in the proliferative zone of the control group (p < 0.05). The trabecular zone was thinnest among all zones and the reserve and proliferative zones were thicker (p < 0.05) than other zones in 1800 MHz group.In conclusion, 1800 MHz and 900 MHz EMF may cause prolong the growth phase in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozlem Nisbet
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Akar
- Department of Biophysics, Medicine Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cevat Nisbet
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Yavuz Gulbahar
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozak
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cenk Yardimci
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Comlekci
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Suleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
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Durgun M, Dasdag S, Erbatur S, Yegin K, Durgun SO, Uzun C, Ogucu G, Alabalik U, Akdag MZ. Effect of 2100 MHz mobile phone radiation on healing of mandibular fractures: an experimental study in rabbits. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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The influence of electromagnetic radiation generated by a mobile phone on the skeletal system of rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:896019. [PMID: 25705697 PMCID: PMC4331479 DOI: 10.1155/2015/896019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study was focused on the influence of electromagnetic field generated by mobile phone on the skeletal system of rats, assessed by measuring the macrometric parameters of bones, mechanical properties of long bones, calcium and phosphorus content in bones, and the concentration of osteogenesis (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (NTX, pyridinoline) markers in blood serum. The study was carried out on male rats divided into two groups: experimental group subjected to 28-day cycle of exposures in electromagnetic field of 900 MHz frequency generated by mobile phone and a control, sham-exposed one. The mobile phone-generated electromagnetic field did not influence the macrometric parameters of long bones and L4 vertebra, it altered mechanical properties of bones (stress and energy at maximum bending force, stress at fracture), it decreased the content of calcium in long bones and L4 vertebra, and it altered the concentration of osteogenesis and bone resorption markers in rats. On the basis of obtained results, it was concluded that electromagnetic field generated by 900 MHz mobile phone does not have a direct impact on macrometric parameters of bones; however, it alters the processes of bone mineralization and the intensity of bone turnover processes and thus influences the mechanical strength of bones.
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Aslan A, Kırdemır V, Kocak A, Atay T, Baydar ML, Özerdemoglu RA, Aydogan NH. Influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like electromagnetic radiation exposure on fracture healing. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:125-31. [PMID: 24508290 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study, we aimed to investigate whether 1800 MHz frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has an effect on bone healing. METHODS A total of 30 Wistar albino rats were divided into two equal groups. Fractures were created in the right tibias of all rats; next, intramedullary fixations with K-wire were performed. A control group (Group I) was kept under the same experimental conditions except without EMR exposure. Rats in Group II were exposed to an 1800 MHz frequency EMR for 30 min a day for 5 days a week. Next, radiological, mechanical, and histological examinations were performed to evaluate tibial fracture healing. RESULTS Radiological, histological and mechanical scores were not significantly different between groups (respectively, p = 0.114, p = 0.184 and p = 0.083), and all of these scores were lower than those of the controls. CONCLUSIONS EMR at 1800 MHz frequency emitted from cellular phones has no effect on bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Aslan
- Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Vecihi Kırdemır
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kocak
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Tolga Atay
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Remzi Arif Özerdemoglu
- Fatih Universty, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevres Hürriyet Aydogan
- Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Departments of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey
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Kunt H, Dayıoğlu H. The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
A number of potential effects of mobile cellular phones on human health have been pinpointed, but the question of whether they affect bone mineralization has rarely been addressed. This study assessed differences in bone mineralization in the right and left hip of healthy male adult volunteers who were either nonusers of mobile phones (n=24) or users who carried the phone close to the right hip, for at least 1 year (n=24). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar Prodigy) was performed in dual femur mode for each subject. Right and left hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were compared. No difference in mean BMDs and BMCs between groups was found. Nonusers had higher BMC in the right femoral neck (P=0.0044), a difference absent in mobile phone users (P=0.028 for the right-left difference in nonusers vs users). Mobile phone users, but not nonusers, had lower BMD at the right trochanter (P=0.027) and lower BMC at the right trochanter (P=0.014) and right total hip (P=0.039). Linear regression showed a correlation between estimated cumulative hours carrying a cell phone on the right hip and differences between right and left trochanter BMD (r=0.434; P=0.034). The different asymmetries between right and left hip dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry values in nonusers and mobile phone users suggest that these devices may adversely affect bone mineralization.
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