1
|
Smith B, Rosko A, VanKoevering KK, Heft Neal M, Ellsperman S, Fenberg RB, Cho J, Vita A, Feng AL, Contrera KJ, Sridharan SS, Spector ME. 3D modeling of anterior 2/3rds glossectomy reconstruction: A volume based donor site evaluation. Oral Oncol 2024; 157:106960. [PMID: 39068767 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anterior 2/3rds glossectomy results in significant patient morbidity due to speech and swallowing impairment. Microvascular free flap reconstruction compensates for large volume defects. Flap volume is based on the adipose content of the donor site and varies by patient body mass index (BMI) and donor site location. We sought to correlate flap thickness at different donor sites with patient BMI to determine optimal donor site selection. METHODS Patients with CT scans of the oral cavity, thorax and lower extremity were identified and included. The volumes of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue were measured and recorded using computed tomography-generated modeling. Pre-muscular tissue thicknesses at anterolateral thigh (ALT), deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP), latissimus dorsi, and parascapular donor sites were measured. The donor site adequency was defined as reconstructing the tongue volume within 10% of the ideal volume required and stratified based on patient BMI. RESULTS In 144 patients, the average anterior 2/3rds glossectomy defect was 100.3 cm3. Glossectomy defect size was highly correlated with BMI (p < 0.001). The DIEP flap had the largest volume (155.4 cm3), followed by latissimus (105.6 cm3), parascapula (97.8 cm3), and ALT (60.5 cm3). For patients with BMI ≤ 30, the DIEP flap best reconstructed native tongue volume (up to 113 % of native tongue volume). In patients with BMI > 30.1, native tongue volumes were approximated by the latissimus flap (89-92 % of native tongue) and parascapular flap (85-95 % of native tongue volume). In BMI > 30.1 the DIEP flap provided excess tissue bulk (129-135 % of native tongue volume). CONCLUSION The DIEP flap more closely approximates the volume needed to reconstruct anterior two-thirds tongue defects for BMIs ≤ 30. The subscapular system flaps provided the best volume match for BMIs > 30 and the DIEP flap provided excess tissue bulk which could be adjusted in the reconstruction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Rosko
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan - Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kyle K VanKoevering
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Molly Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan - Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan Ellsperman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Joshua Cho
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Vita
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Allen L Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Contrera
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaum S Sridharan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoshikawa F, Nozaki-Taguchi N, Yamamoto A, Tanaka N, Tanzawa A, Uzawa K, Isono S. Preoperative sleep-disordered breathing and craniofacial abnormalities are risk factors for postoperative sleep-disordered breathing in patients undergoing skin-flap oropharyngeal reconstruction surgery for oral cavity cancer: a prospective case-control study. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:797-806. [PMID: 38110600 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After oropharyngeal reconstruction surgery, excessive flap volume within the oral cavity may increase the risk of pharyngeal obstruction during sleep. This prospective observational study aimed to test a hypothesis that the skin-flap oropharyngeal reconstructive surgery increases nocturnal apnea-hypopnea index (nAHI, primary variable) after surgery. METHODS Adult patients undergoing oropharyngeal reconstruction surgery participated in this study. The hypothesis was tested by comparing the results of portable type 4 sleep study and craniofacial assessments with lateral head and neck computed tomography scout image before and after surgery. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for nAHI increase after the surgery. RESULTS In 15 patients, a postoperative sleep study was performed at 41 (27, 59) (median (IQR)) days after the surgery. nAHI did not increase after the surgery (mean (95% CI), 13.0 (7.2 to 18.7) to 18.4 (10.2 to 26.6) events.hour-1, p = 0.277), while apnea index significantly increased after the surgery (p = 0.026). Use of the pedicle flap for the oropharyngeal reconstruction (p = 0.051), small mandible (p = 0.008), longer lower face (0.005), and larger tongue size (p = 0.008) were independent predictors for worsening of nAHI after surgery. Hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with the pedicle flap (n = 8) than in those with the free flap (n = 7) (p = 0.014), and the period of hospital stay was directly associated with increase of nAHI after surgery (r = 0.788, p < 0.001, n = 15). CONCLUSIONS Oropharyngeal reconstruction surgery worsens sleep-disordered breathing in some patients with craniofacial and surgical risk factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000036260, March 22, 2019), https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/s/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000036260.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nozaki-Taguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamamoto
- The Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tanaka
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aika Tanzawa
- The Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiroh Isono
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pfister P, Speck NE, Gahl B, Muller L, Fürst T, Kappos EA, Schaefer DJ, Largo RD, Ismail T. Impact of adjuvant radiochemotherapy on free flap volume in head and neck reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 91:24-34. [PMID: 38401274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist regarding the effect of adjuvant radiochemotherapy on free flap volume in head and neck reconstruction. However, an adequate free flap volume is an important predictor of functional and patient-reported outcomes in head and neck reconstruction. METHODS A systematic review of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 6710 abstracts were screened, and 36 full-text papers were reviewed. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were used to extract data for this analysis. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 14 two-arm studies comparing the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy versus no adjuvant radiotherapy was performed. The main analysis revealed that 6 months postoperatively, irradiated flaps showed a significant reduction of volume (average, 9.4%) compared to nonirradiated flaps. The average interpolated pooled flap volumes 6 months postoperatively were 76.4% in irradiated flaps and 81.8% in nonirradiated flaps. After a median postoperative follow-up of 12 months, the total flap volume was 62.6% for irradiated flaps and 76% for nonirradiated flaps. Four studies reported that chemotherapy had no significant impact on free flap volume. CONCLUSIONS Compared to nonirradiated flaps, irradiated flaps were significantly reduced in volume (range, 5% to 15.5%). Clinicians should take this into account when planning the surgical reconstruction of head and neck defects. Conducting large-scale prospective studies with standardized protocols and well-defined follow-up measurements could contribute to defining the ideal, personalized free flap volume for optimal function and patient-reported outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pfister
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole E Speck
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Gahl
- Surgical Outcome Research Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Muller
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fürst
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth A Kappos
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rene D Largo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tarek Ismail
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morita T, Sasaki T, Koizumi Y, Fukushima H, Shimbashi W, Mitani H. Favourable swallowing outcomes after subtotal glossectomy with laryngeal suspension. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:191-198. [PMID: 37516548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Subtotal or total glossectomy for advanced tongue cancer has an adverse impact on swallowing. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyse postoperative swallowing outcomes and to determine the ideal reconstruction method in these patients. The clinical and swallowing data of patients with tongue cancer who underwent subtotal glossectomy at the study institution between 2005 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were available for 101 patients. The most common reconstruction method was a free rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (69 cases). The postoperative feeding tube dependency rate was 11.1% at discharge and 9.4% at 1 year. During the study period, laryngeal suspension and/or a cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed in 39 patients (38.6%), with 25 of these operations performed after 2017. Patients treated in 2017-2019 were significantly more able to take thin liquid (P < 0.001) and lost less weight (P = 0.015) compared to those treated in 2005-2016. Multivariate analysis of 61 patients who did not undergo laryngeal suspension and/or cricopharyngeal myotomy showed significant feeding tube dependency in those aged 65 years and older (P = 0.004). Thin liquid intake was significantly improved after subtotal glossectomy with laryngeal suspension, which led to better postoperative swallowing and improved quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Morita
- Department of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - T Sasaki
- Department of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Koizumi
- Department of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Fukushima
- Department of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Shimbashi
- Department of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Mitani
- Department of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishida K, Hirayama H, Nukami M, Kodama H, Kishi K, Akutsu T, Miyawaki T. Comparison of complications and functional outcomes following total or subtotal glossectomy with laryngeal preservation using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap versus a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 90:249-258. [PMID: 38387422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wide defects resulting from subtotal or total glossectomy are commonly reconstructed using a bulk flap to maintain oral and speech functions. The flap, including muscle tissue, diminishes with time. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator and rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap reconstructions after glossectomy with laryngeal preservation. METHODS Medical records of 13 and 26 patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric artery perforator and rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap reconstructions, respectively, from 2014 to 2022 at our institution were reviewed. Patients who underwent middle pharynx resection except for the base of the tongue, mandibular bone resection, and sensory reinnervation were excluded. RESULTS The rectus abdominis musculocutaneous groups showed a higher number of lymph node dissection and shorter operative time than the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator groups. No significant differences in postoperative complications or functional oral intake scale scores at 6 months were observed. Volumetric changes on computed tomography images at 6 and 12 months were significantly lower in the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator group. Cancer recurrence was significantly associated with reduced oral function. CONCLUSIONS Oral function in patients with cancer is influenced by various other factors. However, the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap may be suitable for tongue reconstruction because of the minimal postoperative changes in flap volume, easy adjustment of flap thickness, elevation of multiple flaps, and minimal complications at the donor site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Haruyuki Hirayama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Masaki Nukami
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kodama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Keita Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Akutsu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Miyawaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thoenissen P, Najafi R, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Volume reduction of vascularized flaps in the field of cranio-maxillofacial surgery: A narrative-style review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:203-211. [PMID: 38135647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Thoenissen
- Clinic for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Ramin Najafi
- Clinic for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- Clinic for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Clinic for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chiba T, Izumita K, Koyama S, Sato N, Tagaino R, Hatakeyama T, Sasaki K. Effects of maxillofacial prosthetic treatment on oral health-related quality of life and masticatory ability of patients with head and neck tumors. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:30-36. [PMID: 38030286 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using multivariate analysis, this study investigated the effectiveness of maxillofacial prosthetic treatment in relation to oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL), masticatory ability (food intake status score and gum-jelly test score) and related factors in patients who had undergone surgery for head and neck tumors. METHODS The study cohort comprised 112 patients who underwent surgical resection and prosthetic treatment among 224 patients with head and neck tumors seen at the Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic of Tohoku University Hospital in a 2-year period. Correlations between OHR-QoL, food intake status score, and gum-jelly test score (criterion variables), and age, sex, maxillary defect, tongue/soft tissue defect, reconstructive surgery, and chemoradiotherapy (explanatory variables) were investigated, and the data were examined statistically. RESULTS Maxillary defect, tongue and soft palate tissue defect, and chemoradiotherapy were identified as factors that hindered the effectiveness of maxillofacial prosthetic treatment for improvement of the OHR-QoL, food intake status score, and gum-jelly test score. On the other hand, reconstructive surgery was a factor that facilitated the improvement of OHR-QoL and masticatory ability with maxillofacial prosthetic treatment. CONCLUSION The factors identified to be related to the success or failure of maxillofacial prosthetic treatment suggest the importance of combining prosthetic intervention with surgical reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Chiba
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | | | - Shigeto Koyama
- Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Naoko Sato
- Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Ryo Tagaino
- Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woo SH, Kim YC, Jeong WS, Oh TS, Choi JW. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Flap Volume Change in Total Tongue Reconstruction: Focus on Reinnervated Dynamic Tongue Reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:2056-2060. [PMID: 37639671 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, flap volume decreases over time and further in the case of a denervated muscle flap. In our institution, dynamic reconstruction, including functional muscle flaps, has been used to aid functional recovery in the past 6 years. This study aimed to determine the effect of volume change of the fat and muscular sections of reconstructed tongue flaps after motor nerve reinnervation in dynamic total tongue reconstruction using 3-dimensional measurement and analysis. A retrospective chart review was performed on 21 patients who underwent total tongue reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh free flap from 2015 to 2020. The fat and muscle volumes of the flap were measured using computed tomography data obtained before surgery (T0), 2 weeks after surgery (T1), and 6 months after surgery (T2) using a 3-dimensional rendering software. Among the 21 patients that underwent tongue reconstruction, 10 underwent dynamic reconstruction, whereas 11 underwent conventional reconstruction using a fasciocutaneous flap. T2 volume compared with T1 was 69.08% in the conventional reconstruction group, and the fat and muscle portions in the dynamic reconstruction group were 77.04% and 69.06%, respectively. No significant difference was noted in the volume change between the 2 groups. After dynamic tongue reconstruction, the muscular volume of the flap had similar volume reduction rate as the fat volume. The dynamic reconstruction was effective not only for functional muscle transfer but also for maintaining the volume of the reconstructed muscle flap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Woo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Shik Jeong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Suk Oh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Woo Choi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Russo E, Alessandri-Bonetti M, Costantino A, Festa BM, Egro FM, Giannitto C, Spriano G, De Virgilio A. Functional outcomes and complications of total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation and flap reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2023; 141:106415. [PMID: 37149955 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the functional outcomes and complications of total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation and reconstruction with free or pedicled flaps. METHODS A search was conducted using Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. A single arm meta-analysis was performed for feeding tube dependence (FTD), tracheostomy dependence (TD), and speech intelligibility (SI) rates. Peri-operative sequels and complications were evaluated as secondary outcomes. RESULTS A total number of 642 patients (median age: 54.2 years; 95% CI 52.1-58) were included. Functional assessment was performed after a median of 12 months (n = 623/642; 95% CI 10.6-12). Overall, the cumulative FTD rate was 22.9% (n = 188/627; 95% CI 10.2-38.7), the TD rate was 7.3% (n = 95/549; 95% CI 1.9-15.8), and the SI was 91.1% (n = 314/409; 95% CI 80.7%-97.8). The cumulative complication rate was 33.1% (n = 592/642). Eighteen patients (n = 18/592; 3.0%) experienced a major fistula, while aspiration pneumonia occurred in 17 cases (n = 17/592; 2.8%). CONCLUSIONS Total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation and pedicled/free flaps reconstruction may guarantee good functional results and an acceptable quality of life. Further prospective studies are advised to define clinical guidelines about proper patients' and flaps' selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Russo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Alessandri-Bonetti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Milan, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Bianca Maria Festa
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Egro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caterina Giannitto
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YC, Lee SJ, Park H, Choi YJ, Jeong WS, Lee YS, Choi KH, Oh TS, Choi JW. Swallowing analysis in hemi-tongue reconstruction using motor-innervated free flaps: A cine-magnetic resonance imaging study. Head Neck 2023; 45:1097-1112. [PMID: 36840932 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the outcomes of motor-innervated free flaps in hemi-tongue reconstruction by assessing the tongue mobility through midsagittal images from cine-magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS In this retrospective study, 47 patients who underwent tongue reconstruction following hemi-glossectomy and 10 control subjects without any surgical history were included. Patients were classified into two groups: the motor and no-motor innervation group. Various spatial parameters related to tongue mobility that were acquired from midsagittal sections were compared during consecutive swallowing phases. RESULTS Overall, the motor group showed improved functional swallowing scale compared with the no-motor group. In case of tongue base resection, the motor group showed improved mobility of the tongue base during pharyngeal phase, whereas the no-motor group showed increased laryngeal elevation for compensatory movement. CONCLUSION The tongue reconstruction with motor-innervated free flaps may facilitate swallowing capacity in patients with a hemi-tongue defect combined with tongue base resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Chul Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Joon Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojin Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Shik Jeong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Se Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Suk Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A 3-Dimensional Analysis of Flap Volume Change in Hemi-Tongue Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 89:e45-e50. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Free flap volume changes: can we predict ideal flap size and future volume loss? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 30:375-379. [PMID: 36036533 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Under anticipating free flap volume may lead to deficits in functional and aesthetic outcomes. Alternatively, over anticipating may compromise airway patency, lead to prolonged tracheostomy dependence or poor oral intake, and cause poor cosmetic outcomes. Surgeons face a fine balance in creating a functional reconstruction that accounts adequately for volume changes in the future. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies are elucidating the complex and multifactorial volume changes of free flaps that are dependent on postoperative radiation, flap composition, weight fluctuations, and site of reconstruction. Radial forearm free flaps typically lose about 40% of their volume, regardless of patient-dependent variables. Muscle flaps exhibit significant fluctuations with patient-dependent variables. Adipose-prevalent flaps are likely more resistant to radiation effects but are more dependent on postoperative weight changes in the patient. SUMMARY Free flap volume over anticipation recommendations range from 1.1 to 1.4 times the final volume to account for future atrophy but patient characteristics including postoperative radiation, anticipated weight loss, and flap composition should be incorporated into intraoperative decisions for final flap volume.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sarin V, Chatterjee A, Kakkar V, Juneja A. Evaluation of Tongue Functions After Free Flap Reconstruction. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:2398-2403. [PMID: 36452650 PMCID: PMC9701944 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, the lateral border being the commonest site. The treatment strategies mandate surgery followed by appropriate reconstruction as the first line of management. There are many suitable methods of reconstruction of tongue defects after surgery, but the principle of an ideal reconstruction method should provide not only satisfactory structural cosmesis, but also good restoration of function. We present our experience with the skin lined free flaps reconstruction for defects of the tongue and floor of mouth, and present analyses of the functional outcomes of reconstruction. This prospective longitudinal study included 93 patients and was conducted in a tertiary care center in Punjab. All patients underwent free flap reconstruction after tumor removal. The functional outcome of the tongue following reconstruction was evaluated 9 months after the completion of treatment. Functions were assessed and matched with sexes and age-matched normal individuals. The data obtained were analyzed by the student 't' test and the p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The duration of swallowing in patients with FRF flap and ALT flap when compared to the normative was significant (< 0.05). There were changes in configuration and volume of the oral cavity after surgery which generates resonant and articulatory alterations, thus the intelligibility of the patient's speech is lowered. There is also a restriction in the tongue movements and reduction in the sensations of the reconstructed part of the tongue. Both the free ALT flap and the FRF flap can provide acceptable functional restoration of the tongue after radical tumor resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Sarin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Audiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India
| | - Vikas Kakkar
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India
| | - Ateev Juneja
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Choi JW, Alshomer F, Kim YC. Current status and evolution of microsurgical tongue reconstructions, part I. Arch Craniofac Surg 2022; 23:139-151. [PMID: 36068689 PMCID: PMC9449093 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2022.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructive surgery in the management of head and neck cancer has evolved to include structure-specific approaches in which organ-specific treatment algorithms help optimize outcomes. Tongue cancer management and reconstruction are surgical challenges for which well-executed reconstructive plans should be completed promptly to avoid delaying any subsequently planned oncologic treatment. Crucial considerations in tongue cancer resection are the significant functional morbidity associated with surgical defects, particularly in terms of speech and swallowing, and the consequent negative impact on patients’ quality of life. With the evolution of microsurgical techniques and the development of the perforator flap concept, flap options can be tailored to the characteristics of various tongue defects. This has allowed the implementation of pliable flaps that can help restore tongue mobility and yield subsequent functional outcomes. Using an evolutional framework, we present this series of reviews related to tongue reconstruction. The first part of the review summarizes flap options and flap-related factors, such as volume and tissue characteristics. Related functional aspects are also presented, including tongue mobility, speech, and swallowing, as well as ways to evaluate and optimize these outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Feras Alshomer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi JW, Kim YC, Park HJ, Oh TS, Jeong WS. The impact of dynamic tongue reconstruction using functional muscle transfer: A retrospective review of 94 cases with functional outcome analysis for various glossectomy defects. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2022; 50:719-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
|
16
|
Dhakad V, Saldanha E, Patel D, Desai S, Joseph B, Ghosh S, Monteiro A. Comparison of functional and survival outcomes in pedicled and microsurgical flap reconstruction for near-total and total glossectomies. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2022; 12:54-59. [PMID: 36199453 PMCID: PMC9527839 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_178_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with advanced carcinoma tongue end up with near-total/total glossectomy (NTG/TG). We intended to compare functional, oncological, and survival outcomes of patients undergoing pedicled and microsurgical flap reconstruction in NTG/TG patients at our hospital. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted for 7 years on 91 patients with carcinoma tongue who underwent NTG/TG at our institute. Patients underwent anterolateral thigh (ALT), free radial artery forearm flap (FRAFF), and pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap reconstruction and were followed up for immediate complications and functional outcomes for speech, swallowing, and decannulation after completion of adjuvant treatment and then for survival rates for a period of 60 months and statistically analysed with log rank test and Fisher’s exact test for correlation. Results: Ninety-one (42.85%) patients underwent NTG, while 57.14% underwent TG. 85% of patients had >5 mm margin, 14% had ≤ of 5 mm, and none were positive. 57% of patients did not have postoperative complications and 10% underwent re-exploration. During follow-up, 85.7% of patients were able to take orally: 52% soft diet and 32% liquid diet. Multivariate analysis of individual flaps, swallowing, and speech intelligibility values were significant. After 5 years of postadjuvant therapy, there was 76% overall survival, 11% local recurrence and 12% had regional recurrence. Discussion: Morbidity and functional outcome depends on the extent of resection. PMMC flaps can be done on lack of expertise. FRAFF has better functional outcomes owing to pliability of flap. ALT and other bulky flaps require expertise and are prone to flap-related complications. Planning of reconstruction should be based on the defect size together with counseling of patients regarding the risk of complications and delay in adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Utility of a palatal speech appliance combined with the five-point eight-line segment technique in total tongue reconstruction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1016-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Sawhney S, Thiagarajan S, Balaji A, Sathe P, Jain S, Rukmangathan TM, Kannan S, Shah S, Chaukar D. Results of sequential swallowing assessments in patients undergoing upfront surgery for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2021; 125:105684. [PMID: 34963096 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The swallowing outcomes in patients undergoing glossectomy have been inconsistently reported in the literature owing to variable follow up times, different tools for assessment and lack of single institution large scale studies. The aim of our study was to assess the patterns of swallowing outcomes over time and identify factors affecting nasogastric tube dependency at 1-year post-surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of treatment naïve patients with oral tongue carcinoma who underwent surgery and attended the speech and swallow clinic between January 2016 and December 2019 at our institute were included in the study. The findings of swallowing assessment by a speech language pathologist at three time points were recorded. RESULTS A total of 606 patients were found eligible for the study. The median age of the patients was 50 years with the 211 (34.8%) patients having T3/T4 disease. The swallowing outcomes in terms of tube dependence and the spectrum of diet tolerance seem to improve over time with an increasing number of patients switching over to a solid diet by 1 year. A higher defect class (HR = 24.43 [3.48-171.27]) and presence of co-morbidities (HR = 4.17 [1.59-10.92]) were associated with sustained feeding tube dependency status at 1 year. A nomogram was developed based on these findings. CONCLUSION The swallowing outcomes in terms of tube dependence and the spectrum of diet tolerance seem to improve over time. A higher defect class and presence of co-morbidities were associated with NGT dependency at 1 year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Sawhney
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (A Unit of Tata Memorial Centre), Mullanpur/Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Shivakumar Thiagarajan
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Arun Balaji
- Division of Speech and Swallowing, Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranav Sathe
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhanth Jain
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - T M Rukmangathan
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Devendra Chaukar
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Factors Affecting Volume Change of Anterolateral Thigh Flap in Head and Neck Defect Reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:2090-2098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Pyne JM, Dziegielewski PT, Constantinescu G, Dzioba A, O'Connell DA, Côté DWJ, Ansari K, Harris J, Conrad D, Makki FM, Hearn M, Biron VL, Seikaly H. The Functional & Quality of Life Outcomes of Total Glossectomy with Laryngeal Preservation. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:853-859. [PMID: 33134532 PMCID: PMC7585251 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tongue is an essential organ for human interaction, communication and survival. To date, there is a paucity of objective functional, patient reported, or quality of life outcomes of patients undergoing a total glossectomy with preservation of the larynx (TGLP). OBJECTIVE To examine prospectively collected objective, self-reported functional and quality of life (QOL) data in patients undergoing TGLP and free flap reconstruction. METHODS Sixteen TGLP patients were identified in the prospective head and neck cancer and functional outcomes database between January of 2009 and December 2017. Data collection included patient age, sex, performance status, TNM staging, diagnosis and adjuvant treatment. Swallowing and speech functions were measured and prospectively recorded pre- and postoperatively. Patient reported outcomes were measured with the Speech Handicap Index (SHI) and the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). RESULTS All patients had a significant reduction in their objective swallowing (P = 0.035), sentence (P = 0.001) and word intelligibility (P < .001) scores. There was no significant reduction in SHI or total MDADI scores. All patients maintained their QOL in the post-treatment time frame. There was no relationship between free-flap type and outcome. CONCLUSION Total glossectomy with laryngeal sparing and free flap reconstruction results in significant reduction in objective functional measurements, but patients report stable functional and quality of life outcomes after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Pyne
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Gabriela Constantinescu
- Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in MedicineCaritas Health GroupEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Communication Sciences and DisordersUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Daniel A. O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - David W. J. Côté
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Khalid Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Jeffrey Harris
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Dustin Conrad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Fawaz M. Makki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck SurgeryKing Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Hearn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Vincent L. Biron
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Razavi CR, Hostetter J, Shukla A, Cheng Z, Aygun N, Boahene K, Byrne PJ, Richmon J, Quon H, Desai SC. Predictors of Free Flap Volume Loss in Nonosseous Reconstruction of Head and Neck Oncologic Defects. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 101:48-53. [PMID: 32633655 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320938903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Free tissue reconstruction of the head and neck must be initially overcorrected due to expected postoperative free flap volume loss, which can be accelerated by adjuvant radiation therapy. In this study, we aim to identify patient and treatment-specific factors that may significantly contribute to this phenomenon and translate these characteristics into a predictive model for expected percent free flap volume loss in a given patient. METHODS Patients with a history of oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer who underwent nonosseous free flap reconstruction were reviewed between January 2009 and November 2018 at a tertiary care center. Demographics/characteristics, total radiation dose, radiation fractionation (RF), and pre/postradiation free flap volume as evaluated by computed tomography imaging were collected. Free flap volume was measured by a fellowship-trained neuroradiologist in all cases. Only patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy with available pre/postradiation imaging were included. Multivariable linear regression modeling for prediction of free flap volume loss was performed with optimization via stepwise elimination. RESULTS Thirty patients were included for analysis. Mean flap volume loss was 42.7% ± 17.4%. The model predicted flap volume loss in a significant fashion (P = .004, R2 = 0.49) with a mean magnitude of error of 9.8% ± 7.5%. Age (β = 0.01, P = .003) and RF (β = -0.01, P = .009) were individual predictors of flap volume loss. CONCLUSIONS Our model predicts percent free flap volume loss in a significant fashion. Age and RF are individual predictors of free flap volume loss, the latter being a novel finding that is also modifiable through hyperfractionation radiotherapy schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Razavi
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Hostetter
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aishwarya Shukla
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nafi Aygun
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kofi Boahene
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick J Byrne
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Richmon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaun C Desai
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferrari M, Sahovaler A, Chan HH, Nicolai P, Irish JC, Gilbert RW. Scapular tip-thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap for total/subtotal glossectomy defects: Case series and conformance study. Oral Oncol 2020; 105:104660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
23
|
Vastus lateralis myofascial free flap for tongue reconstruction and hypoglossal-femoral anastomosis: neurophysiological study. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:553-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Righini S, Festa BM, Bonanno MC, Colombo V, Luca N. Dynamic tongue reconstruction with innervated gracilis musculocutaneos flap after total glossectomy. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:76-81. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Righini
- Department of Head and Neck Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery; San Giuseppe Hospital-Multimedica Group
| | | | | | - Valeria Colombo
- Department of Head and Neck Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery; San Giuseppe Hospital-Multimedica Group
| | - Nicola Luca
- Department of Head and Neck Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery; San Giuseppe Hospital-Multimedica Group
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
A Novel Laryngeal Preservation Technique following Total Glossectomy with Hyoid Bone Resection. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2018; 6:e1756. [PMID: 29876189 PMCID: PMC5977942 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent progress of chemotherapy and sophisticated radiotherapy, surgery still remains the most reliable treatment for advanced tongue cancers in terms of survival. The major disadvantage of this treatment is that it should sacrifice the quality of patients' life. When the tongue cancer is so advanced as to involve the hyoid bone, which is considered a functional part of the larynx, radical operation needs to resect both the entire tongue and the larynx and the hyoid bone en bloc to prevent aspiration pneumonia. As a result of total laryngectomy, the patients will suffer significant disabilities: aphonia and the loss of deglutition that limits the oral intake to only liquid or pasty food. With this clinical background, we have been contriving to overcome these significant surgical shortcomings by conducting larynx-preserving operation. In this case report, we present our newly devised surgical method which consists of free-flap transfer with a combination of laryngeal suspension and a novel reconstructive technique, that is, epiglottis suspension, which enabled favorable swallowing function without aspiration and allowed a sufficiently wide airway for breathing. The operation worked quite successfully for the patient's quality of life. We believe this novel surgical method would serve as a larynx-preservation treatment for locally advanced tongue cancers with hyoid bone invasion.
Collapse
|
27
|
3D computer simulation analysis of the flap volume change in total tongue reconstruction flaps. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:844-850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
28
|
Haymerle G, Enzenhofer E, Lechner W, Stock M, Schratter-Sehn A, Vyskocil E, Bachtiary B, Selzer E, Erovic BM. The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on radial forearm free flap volume after soft palate reconstruction in 13 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:742-745. [PMID: 29194976 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Haymerle
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Enzenhofer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Lechner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Stock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schratter-Sehn
- Institute for Radiooncology, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Vyskocil
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Bachtiary
- Rinecker Proton Therapy Center, Munich, Germany
| | - E Selzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B M Erovic
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Keski-Säntti H, Bäck L, Lassus P, Koivunen P, Kinnunen I, Blomster H, Mäkitie AA, Aro K. Total or subtotal glossectomy with laryngeal preservation: a national study of 29 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275:191-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Aladimi MT, Han B, Li C, Helal H, Gao Z, Li L. Factors to Consider When Deciding on the Type of Free-Flap Reconstruction of Head and Neck Soft Tissue Defects. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2017; 79:230-238. [DOI: 10.1159/000478103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Kimura M, Takada K, Ishibashi K, Ohto H, Shibata A, Yamada H, Nishiwaki S, Naganawa Y, Umemura M. Quantitative analysis of chronological changes in the volume of flaps used for reconstruction of oral cavity defects. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:499-503. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| | - Ken Takada
- Department of Medical Technology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ohto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| | - Akio Shibata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| | - Shusuke Nishiwaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| | | | - Masahiro Umemura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Phonologic and Acoustic Analysis of Speech Following Glossectomy and the Effect of Rehabilitation on Speech Outcomes. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 75:1530-1541. [PMID: 28039737 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in acoustic features in the perioperative phase for elucidating the mechanisms of articulation disorder and the effect of perioperative rehabilitation were studied prospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients with 62 tongue cancer were divided into a partial glossectomy group (n = 40) and a reconstruction group (n = 22). Acoustic characteristics were analyzed during the preoperative and postoperative periods and after rehabilitation using the first and second formants of the vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/; the triangular vowel space area (tVSA); and the slopes of formant transitions. RESULTS In the 2 groups, decreases in the tVSA and formant slopes were found from the preoperative to the postoperative period, and the acoustic characteristics of the reconstruction group especially improved to preoperative values after rehabilitation. Analysis of the postoperative period showed that acoustic characteristics were altered at the site of surgical resection. CONCLUSION Changes of acoustic variables are related to excision size and site, suggesting the distinctive tongue portion for the articulation of each speech sound. Perioperative rehabilitation could activate the articulators and increase the range of movement of the remaining tongue, especially the preserved anterior tongue.
Collapse
|
33
|
Factors affecting volume change of myocutaneous flaps in oral cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:1395-1399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Tarsitano A, Battaglia S, Cipriani R, Marchetti C. Microvascular reconstruction of the tongue using a free anterolateral thigh flap: Three-dimensional evaluation of volume loss after radiotherapy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1287-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
36
|
Functional Assessments in Patients Undergoing Radial Forearm Flap Following Hemiglossectomy. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:e172-5. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
37
|
Paydarfar JA, Freed GL, Gosselin BJ. The anterolateral thigh fold-over flap for total and subtotal glossectomy reconstruction. Microsurgery 2016; 36:297-302. [PMID: 26880059 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a fold-over technique for total and subtotal glossectomy reconstruction utilizing the ALT flap with the goal of increasing soft tissue bulk. METHODS Retrospective review of total and subtotal glossectomy patients undergoing ALT fold-over flap reconstruction from January 2007 to December 2012. RESULTS Eight patients fit inclusion criteria. Average length of follow-up was 35 months. There were no flap failures. At last follow-up, no patients were tracheostomy dependent. Six out of 8 patients (75%) did not require a g-tube and were able to maintain their weight. Speech intelligibility was good in 6/8 patients (75%). CONCLUSIONS The ALT fold-over flap technique provides sufficient bulk to allow decannulation and airway protection as well as PO intake in most patients. Given the minimal donor site morbidity, it is our technique of choice for total and subtotal glossectomy defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:297-302, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Paydarfar
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Gary L Freed
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Benoit J Gosselin
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang L, Liu K, Shao Z, Shang ZJ. Individual design of the anterolateral thigh flap for functional reconstruction after hemiglossectomy: experience with 238 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:726-30. [PMID: 26826782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate tongue function in patients with oral cancer treated surgically and reconstructed with anterolateral thigh free flaps (ALTFs). Patients (N=238) underwent primary reconstruction after hemiglossectomy between September 2012 and October 2014. Patients were divided into two groups according to the flap design: 'individual design' (ABC flap) and 'common design'. Patients were followed postoperatively and assessed after 6 months for the following functional outcomes: speech, deglutition, tongue mobility, and donor site morbidity. Intelligibility and deglutition were each scored by an independent investigator. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. No differences in mean speech intelligibility scores were observed between the two groups (good: P=0.908; acceptable: P=0.881). However, the ABC flap offered recovery advantages for swallowing capacity compared to the common design flap (MTF classification good: P=0.028; acceptable: P=0.001). The individualized ABC flap not only provides volume but also preserves mobility, speech intelligibility, and swallowing capacity. ALTFs require further improvement for the individualized functional reconstruction of the tongue after hemiglossectomy, but this work lays the foundation for these improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - K Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z-J Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mazarro A, de Pablo A, Puiggròs C, Velasco MM, Saez M, Pamias J, Bescós C. Indications, reconstructive techniques, and results for total glossectomy. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2004-10. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mazarro
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - Alba de Pablo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Mª Mercedes Velasco
- Department of Phoniatry and Logopedy - Rehabilitation Service; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - Manel Saez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jorge Pamias
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - Coro Bescós
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bittermann G, Thönissen P, Poxleitner P, Zimmerer R, Vach K, Metzger MC. Microvascular transplants in head and neck reconstruction: 3D evaluation of volume loss. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1319-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
41
|
Hakim SG, Jacobsen HC, Trenkle T, Sieg P, Wieker H. Impact of body mass index, gender, and smoking on thickness of free soft tissue flaps used for orofacial reconstruction. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015. [PMID: 26211724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-site selection may play an important role in the reconstruction of large orofacial defects. The thickness and structure of transplanted tissue has to fit those of the recipient site to achieve a satisfactory outcome. To evaluate the thickness of free flaps that are frequently used for orofacial reconstruction and its association with body mass index (BMI), gender, and smoking, a prospective study was conducted. A total of 122 volunteers were included in the study, and their data regarding BMI, gender, and tobacco use were documented. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the thickness of the radial and ulnar forearm flaps (RFFF and UFFF, respectively), the scapular and parascapular flaps (SF and PSF, respectively), the anterolateral thigh flap (ALT), and the free fibular flap (FF). Correlation and regression analysis were performed to assess any relationship among parameters and to investigate their effect on flap thickness. The UFFF showed the lowest thickness (0.65 ± 0.16 cm), followed by the RFFF (0.83 ± 0.20 cm). The FF showed a comparable thickness (0.82 ± 0.26 cm), followed by the SF (0.99 ± 0.13 cm) and the PSF (1 ± 0.14 cm). The ALT flap displayed the greatest thickness (1.42 ± 0.42 cm) and correlated especially with BMI and gender, whereas the UFFF was the thinnest with relatively constant values, regardless of potential influential factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer G Hakim
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
| | | | - Thomas Trenkle
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Sieg
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Henning Wieker
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Principles and Practice of Reconstructive Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2015; 24:473-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Jeong WH, Lee WJ, Roh TS, Lew DH, Yun IS. Long-term functional outcomes after total tongue reconstruction: Consideration of flap types, volume, and functional results. Microsurgery 2015; 37:190-196. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woon Hyeok Jeong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center; Daegu Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University Health System, Severance Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Tai Suk Roh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University Health System, Gangnam Severance Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lew
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University Health System, Severance Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - In Sik Yun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University Health System, Gangnam Severance Hospital; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Total glossectomy without laryngectomy - a review of functional outcomes and reconstructive principles. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 22:414-8. [PMID: 25003844 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of functional outcomes and reconstructive principles of total glossectomy without laryngectomy reported in recent series, and the evidence regarding which patients are at risk for poor functional outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS After total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation gastric tube dependency ranges from 30 to 44% for primary treatment. Between 85 and 95% of patients are able to have their tracheostomy tube removed. Many patients can also regain meaningfully intelligible speech. In the setting of prior radiation or chemoradiation therapy, achieving oral diet and tracheostomy decannulation is less likely.Reconstructions must have sufficient bulk to allow for contact with the palate, and achievement of this vertical height has been shown to be associated with improved speech and swallowing outcomes. Laryngeal suspension is an important adjunct to prevent both laryngeal prolapse and minimize aspiration risk. The role of either sensory or motor reinnervation is unclear, although there is currently more evidence for the benefit of sensory reinnervation. SUMMARY With meticulous reconstructive technique and appropriate patient selection, total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation can be performed as a primary or salvage procedure with acceptable functional outcomes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chang EI, Yu P, Skoracki RJ, Liu J, Hanasono MM. Comprehensive analysis of functional outcomes and survival after microvascular reconstruction of glossectomy defects. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:3061-9. [PMID: 25634781 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies on tongue reconstruction provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary analysis examining defect size, flap selection, function, and long-term survival. This report presents the largest study in the literature evaluating free flap reconstruction after glossectomy. METHODS A retrospective review of patients undergoing free flap glossectomy reconstruction from 2000 to 2012 was performed. RESULTS In this review, 268 patients were identified. Resections involving the tongue only included 59 partial glossectomies, 86 hemiglossectomies, 28 subtotal glossectomies, and 24 total glossectomies. Glossectomies performed with mandibulectomies were analyzed independently for speech and swallowing function (32 partial glossectomies, 18 hemiglossectomies, 8 subtotal glossectomies, and 13 total glossectomies with mandibulectomy). A total of 299 free flaps were performed, with 30 patients receiving two free flaps. Multivariate analysis demonstrating smoking (p = 0.018), composite resections (p < 0.001), and larger resections (total and subtotal glossectomies; p < 0.001) were associated with significantly worse speech results. Advanced age (p = 0.002), radiation (p = 0.003), and larger or composite resections had significantly worse swallowing function (p < 0.001). Patients with a persistent tracheostomy had significantly worse speech and swallowing function (p < 0.001), whereas innervated flaps were associated with superior speech (p = 0.049) and better swallowing function (p = 0.004). The surgical complication rate was 23.5 %, with only one total flap loss. Tumor stage (p = 0.003), positive margins (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.023), and chemotherapy (p < 0.001) were associated with significantly worse overall survival. The median overall survival time was 50.5 months (range 39-79 months). CONCLUSIONS Although comorbidities and the extent of resection impair both speech and swallowing, reconstruction, particularly with innervated free flaps, still affords the majority of patients' reasonable function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward I Chang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Long-term Follow-up Study of Radial Forearm Free Flap Reconstruction After Hemiglossectomy. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:44-7. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
47
|
Kim HY, Hwang J, Lee WJ, Roh TS, Lew DH, Yun IS. Palatal Mucoperiosteal Island Flaps for Palate Reconstruction. Arch Craniofac Surg 2014; 15:70-74. [PMID: 28913194 PMCID: PMC5556817 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2014.15.2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many options are available to cover a palatal defect, including local or free flaps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of palatal mucoperiosteal island flap in covering a palatal defect after tumor excision. Methods Between October 2006 and July 2013, we identified 19 patients who underwent palatal reconstruction using a palatal mucoperiosteal island flap after tumor excision. All cases were retrospectively analyzed by defect location, size, tumor pathology, type of reconstruction, and functional outcomes. Speech and swallowing functions were evaluated using a 7-point visual analog scale (VAS) score. Results Among the 19 patients, there were 7 men and 12 women with an age range of 25 to 74 years (mean, 52.5±14.3 years). The size of flaps was 2-16 cm2 (mean, 9.4±4.2 cm2). Either unilateral or bilateral palatal island flaps were used depending on the size of defect. During the follow-up period (mean, 32.7±21.4 months), four patients developed a temporary oronasal fistula, which healed without subsequent operative. The donor sites were well re-epithelized. Speech and swallowing function scores were 6.63±0.5 and 6.58±0.69 on the 7-point VAS, indicating the ability to eat solid foods and communicate verbally without significant disability. Conclusion The palatal mucoperiosteal island flap is a good reconstruction modality for palatal defects if used under appropriate indications. The complication rates and donor site morbidity are low, with good functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Youl Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Suk Roh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lew
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sik Yun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang X, Yan G, Zhang G, Li J, Liu J, Zhang Y. Functional tongue reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:303. [PMID: 24274671 PMCID: PMC3879093 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the advantages of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in tongue reconstruction. METHOD From September 2008 to February 2012, patients receiving ALT flap tongue reconstruction were included in the study. Patients undergoing ALT flap were compared with those undergoing similar surgery with radial forearm flap (RFF). The medical records of the included patients were reviewed, and a questionnaire was used to assess acceptability of the surgery. RESULTS All flaps (both ALT and RFF) were successful In the ALT group, most patients were satisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed tongue and the intelligibility of their speech, and there were fewer complications with this technique compared with the RFF. CONCLUSION The ALT flap is an ideal method for tongue reconstruction. The thickness and volume of the ALT flap can be adjusted based on the individual extent of the defect, and it can not only provide bulk but also ensure mobility, and it has other advantages also, including a long pedicle and low donor site morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Zhang
- School of Stomatology, China Medical University, No, 117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The number of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer survivors is rising. By 2030, oropharyngeal cancers are projected to account for almost half of all head and neck cancers. Normal speech, swallowing, and respiration can be disrupted by adverse effects of tumor and cancer therapy. This review summarizes clinically distinct functional outcomes of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, methods of pretreatment functional assessments, strategies to reduce or prevent functional complications, and posttreatment rehabilitation considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Hutcheson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Speech Pathology & Audiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rihani J, Lee MR, Lee T, Ducic Y. Flap selection and functional outcomes in total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:547-53. [PMID: 23884285 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813498063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reconstruction of total glossectomy defects has been revolutionized by the popularity of free flap use in the head and neck. Challenging defects can be addressed with a variety of different free and pedicled flaps. The purpose of this study is to review our method of flap selection in cases of total glossectomy defects with laryngeal preservation, with an emphasis on the variations of these defects and patient body habitus. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING Tertiary care referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All patients undergoing total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation (TGLP) by the senior author (YD) from September 1997 to May 2012. Objective data regarding patient demographics, existing defect, method of reconstruction, adjuvant treatment, operative details, outcomes, and complications were recorded. Both means and frequency of prolonged tracheostomy or gastrostomy tube were used to assess outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and three patients were identified. Ninety-four met inclusion criteria. All patients were T3 or T4 stage tumors. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years. Fifty-nine patients (62%) underwent free flap reconstruction while the remaining 35 (37%) were treated with a pedicled pectoralis myocutaneous flap. Tracheostomy decannulation and gastrostomy tube removal rates were 84% and 29%, respectively. No patients were converted to total laryngectomy. CONCLUSION Optimal reconstruction of TGLP defects may be accomplished with either pedicled or free-tissue flap reconstruction. Selecting an ideal flap for reconstruction of total glossectomy defects should be patient specific and based on matching donor flap bulk. This treatment approach demonstrates high tracheostomy and gastric tube independence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rihani
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|