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Almeida LE, Doetzer A, Beck ML. Immunohistochemical Markers of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030789. [PMID: 36769438 PMCID: PMC9917491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of internal derangements encompassing dysfunction, displacement, degeneration of the temporomandibular joints and surroundings muscles of mastication, often accompanied by pain. Relationships between TMD and various chemical biomarkers have been examined throughout the years. This paper aims to gather evidence from the literature regarding other biomarkers and presenting them as one systematic review to investigate the potential links between TMD and different biochemical activity. To identify relevant papers, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and a manual search was performed in the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, and Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. The literature review produced extensive results relating to the biochemical and immunohistochemical markers of TMD. Many enzymes, inflammatory markers, proteoglycans, and hormones were identified and organized in tables, along with a brief description, study design, and conclusion of each study. Through this review, recurring evidence provides confidence in suggesting involvement of certain biomarkers that may be involved in this complex pathogenesis, in addition to pointing to differences in gender prevalence of TMD. However, more organized research on large human samples needs to be conducted to delve deeper into the understanding of how this disease develops and progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Almeida
- Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Doetzer
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Matthew L. Beck
- Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Perotto JH, Camejo FDA, Doetzer AD, Almeida LE, Azevedo M, Olandoski M, Noronha L, Trevilatto PC. Expression of MMP-13 in human temporomandibular joint disc derangement and osteoarthritis. Cranio 2017; 36:161-166. [PMID: 28446077 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1315511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MMP-13 performs digestion of collagen, which is a primary component of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular disc. This study evaluated the expression of MMP-13 in patients with anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR), and in the presence of TMJ osteoarthrosis. METHODS Thirty-nine human temporomandibular joint disc samples were collected and divided in two ways: ADDwR (21 samples), ADDwoR (10 samples), and a control group (8 samples); and with osteoarthrosis (10 samples) and without osteoarthrosis (29 samples). Immunostaining of the TMJ discs was statistically compared between the groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference for the area of MMP-13 immunostaining between the control group, ADDwR, and ADDwoR, nor between groups with and without osteoarthrosis. CONCLUSION This study suggests MMP-13 is not significantly involved in collagen degradation in human TMJ disc displacement or osteoarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Henrique Perotto
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Flavio de Alcantara Camejo
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Andrea Duarte Doetzer
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | | | - Marina Azevedo
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Márcia Olandoski
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Lucia Noronha
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Trevilatto
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
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de Alcântara Camejo F, Azevedo M, Ambros V, Caporal KST, Doetzer AD, Almeida LE, Olandoski M, Noronha L, Trevilatto PC. Interleukin-6 expression in disc derangement of human temporomandibular joint and association with osteoarthrosis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:768-774. [PMID: 28341537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a coordinated response that protects host after infection or trauma, involving several molecular reactions. Once the inflammation is closely linked to the process of destruction of the temporomandibular joint, this study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important inflammatory marker, in temporomandibular articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) and its association with osteoarthrosis (OA). Thirty-eight (n = 38) articular discs were divided into two cutoffs: 1) analysis 1: 4 control (acute pathology), 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR; and 2) analysis 2: without OA (n = 21) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (p < 0.05). In the disc samples, no significant differences were observed between the groups ADDwR and ADDwoR, and with and without OA, in respect to the expression of IL-6 by immunohistochemical examination. Future studies should be conducted with a larger sample size, which could clarify the association of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Azevedo
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Viviane Ambros
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Duarte Doetzer
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Olandoski
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucia Noronha
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Li X, Liu H, Gu S, Liu C, Sun C, Zheng Y, Chen Y. Replacing Shox2 with human SHOX leads to congenital disc degeneration of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:345-54. [PMID: 24248941 PMCID: PMC3945842 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists in the glenoid fossa arising from the otic capsule through intramembranous ossification, the fibrocartilaginous disc and the condyle, which is derived from the secondary cartilage by endochondral ossification. We have reported previously that cranial neural-crest-specific inactivation of the homeobox gene Shox2, which is expressed in the mesenchymal cells of the maxilla-mandibular junction and later in the progenitor cells and perichondrium of the developing chondyle, leads to dysplasia and ankylosis of the TMJ and that replacement of the mouse Shox2 with the human SHOX gene rescues the dysplastic and ankylosis phenotypes but results in a prematurely worn out articular disc. In this study, we investigate the molecular and cellular bases for the prematurely worn out articular disc in the TMJ of mice carrying the human SHOX replacement allele in the Shox2 locus (termed Shox2 (SHOX-KI/KI)). We find that the developmental process and expression of several key genes in the TMJ of Shox2 (SHOX-KI/KI) mice are similar to that of controls. However, the disc of the Shox2 (SHOX-KI/KI) TMJ exhibits a reduced level of Collagen I and Aggrecan, accompanied by increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases and a down-regulation of Ihh expression. Dramatically increased cell apoptosis in the disc was also observed. These combinatory cellular and molecular defects appear to contribute to the observed disc phenotype, suggesting that, although human SHOX can exert similar functions to mouse Shox2 in regulating early TMJ development, it apparently has a distinct function in the regulation of those molecules that are involved in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Shuping Gu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Camejo FDA, Almeida LE, Doetzer AD, Caporal KST, Ambros V, Azevedo M, Alanis LRA, Olandoski M, Noronha L, Trevilatto PC. FasL expression in articular discs of human temporomandibular joint and association with osteoarthrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:69-75. [PMID: 23750602 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is a programme of cell death which does not induce an inflammatory response. Recent previous research has suggested a correlation between temporomandibular internal derangement and apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is an apoptosis-inducing factor, known to trigger apoptosis through distinct signal pathways. This study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of FasL in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) in patients with and without osteoarthrosis (OA). METHODS Forty-two (n = 42) TMJ articular discs were divided into two cut-offs: (i) 8 control, 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR, and (ii) without OA (n = 25) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of FasL in TMJ discs between the three groups (P = 0.001). ADDwR presented significant higher FasL expression when compared with ADDwoR (P < 0.001). Significant higher FasL expression was observed in the group without OA (P = 0.001). All patients without OA presented ADDwR, while all the patients with OA presented ADDwoR. CONCLUSION A higher area of in situ immunostaining of FasL was found in temporomandibular discs with reduction, which is the less severe condition. Moreover, a reduced expression of FasL in the discs of patients with osteoarthrosis was found, suggesting that some aspects of apoptosis might underlie the progression of TMJ disorders.
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Loreto C, Leonardi R, Musumeci G, Pannone G, Castorina S. An ex vivo study on immunohistochemical localization of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in temporomandibular joint discs with internal derangement. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e12. [PMID: 23807291 PMCID: PMC3794338 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal derangement (ID) is among the most common disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Previous research by our group highlighted a correlation between apoptosis and TMJ ID. Metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and -9 have been shown to play an important role in extracellular matrix ECM) homeostasis and, through it, in joint disc remodelling. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-7 and -9 was investigated in discs from patients with TMJ ID and from healthy donors and compared with the degree of histological tissue degeneration. The collagen fibre arrangement in pathological discs exhibited varying degrees of disruption. New vessels were consistently detected; endothelial cells from these vessels were immunolabelled with both MMP-7 and MMP-9. More or less intense MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunolabelling was detected in the cytoplasm of disc cells from all patients. MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunostaining was significantly different between pathological and normal discs and correlated with the extent of histopathological degeneration. MMP-7 and MMP-9 upregulation in discs from patients with TMJ ID demonstrates their involvement in disc damage in this disorder. A greater understanding of these processes could help identify ways to curb MMP overproduction without affecting their tissue remodelling action. The design of specific inhibitors for these MMPs would not only help to gain insights into the biological roles of MMPs, but would also aid in developing therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with abnormal ECM degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loreto
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Anatomy Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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