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Johnson EA, Koller GM, Jafrani R, Patel K, Naidoo S, Strahle JM. Helmet Therapy for the Management of Deformational Plagiocephaly in Pediatric Patients with Shunted Hydrocephalus. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656231214125. [PMID: 38193166 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231214125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of helmet therapy for deformational plagiocephaly in patients with shunted hydrocephalus. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Institutional, tertiary-care hospital. PATIENTS All patients at St. Louis Children's Hospital between 2014 and 2021 with shunted hydrocephalus who underwent helmet therapy for deformational plagiocephaly. INTERVENTIONS Helmet therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cranial vault asymmetry (CVA), cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI), and cephalic index (CI) were measured before and after completion of helmet therapy. RESULTS There were 37 patients with shunted hydrocephalus and documented deformational plagiocephaly. Twelve were managed with helmet therapy. Average age at helmeting initiation and time between shunt placement and helmeting initiation was 5.8 and 4.6 months, respectively. Average CVA, CVAI, and CI at helmeting initiation and termination was 11.6, 7.98, and 85.2, and 6.95, 4.49, and 83.7, respectively. Average duration of helmeting was 3.7 months. CVA and CVAI were significantly lower after helmeting (P = .0028 and .0021) and 11/12 patients had overall improvement in plagiocephaly. CONCLUSIONS Helmet therapy appears to be a safe and efficacious management strategy for deformational plagiocephaly in patients with shunted hydrocephalus. Despite the occasional need for additional fittings and surveillance beyond the normal schedule, in all cases appropriately fitting helmets were achieved and no major adverse events occurred. This cohort represents a proof of principle for the safety and efficacy of helmet therapy in patients with shunted hydrocephalus. Further work in larger prospective cohorts is needed to confirm these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gretchen M Koller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Jafrani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kamlesh Patel
- Department of Plastics & Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sybill Naidoo
- Department of Plastics & Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Predictive Factors of Outcomes in Helmet Therapy for Deformational Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:231-234. [PMID: 36210494 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deformational plagiocephaly and brachycephaly, or abnormal flattening of the infant skull due to external forces, are often managed with orthotic helmet therapy. Although helmet therapy is widely used, the factors that predict poor outcomes are not well characterized. In this study of over 140,000 patients who received helmet therapy, older age and greater severity at presentation, and noncompliance with treatment were each independently associated with worse craniometric and provider-reported outcomes. Each additional point of cranial vault asymmetry index or cephalic index at a presentation is associated with an increased likelihood of residual brachycephaly at completion [odds ratio (OR): 1.067; 95% Cl: 1.058-1.075; P <0.0001 and OR: 2.043; 95% CI: 2.021-2.065; P <0.0001, respectively], whereas each additional point of cranial vault asymmetry index at a presentation associated with increased likelihood of residual asymmetry at completion (OR: 2.148; 95% Cl: 2.118-2.179; P <0.0001). Patients were more likely to have residual brachycephaly or asymmetry with increasing age at treatment initiation (OR: 1.562; 95% CI: 1.524-1.600; P <0.0001 and OR: 1.673; 95% Cl: 1.634-1.713; P <0.0001, respectively, for each additional month of age at initiation). These results highlight a need for prompt referral for helmeting, especially in cases with severe features or when patients present late to care. Potentially modifiable factors are age at helmeting and compliance with treatment protocols, and consideration of these factors may be important for achieving success in some cases.
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Härmä M, Lauronen L, Leikola J, Hukki J, Saarikko A. Somatosensory evoked potentials are abnormal with plagiocephaly. Arch Craniofac Surg 2022; 23:59-63. [PMID: 35526840 PMCID: PMC9081420 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2022.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deformational plagiocephaly is usually managed conservatively, as it tends to improve over time and with the use of conservative measures. However, before the year 2017 we operated on patients with severe plagiocephaly and neurological symptoms at the Helsinki Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center. Methods Of the 20 infants with severe deformational plagiocephaly and neurological symptoms referred to us between 2014 and 2016, 10 underwent cranioplasty open reshaping of the posterior cranial vault. The parents of the last 10 patients were given information on the natural history of the condition and the patients were followed up with an outpatient protocol. The aim of this study was to gain information on the brain electrophysiology and recovery of patients after total cranial vault reconstruction by measuring the electroencephalogram (EEG) somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP; median nerve). Results Of the 10 participants in the operation arm, six had abnormal SEP at least on the affected cerebral hemisphere and all SEPs were recorded as normal when controlled postoperatively. In the follow-up arm, eight out of 10 participants had abnormal SEP at the age of approximately 24 months, and all had normalized SEPs at control visits. Conclusion Our data suggest that cranioplasty open reshaping of the posterior cranial vault did not affect abnormal SEP-EEG recordings. We have abandoned the operations in deformational plagiocephaly patients due to findings suggesting that expanding cranioplasty is not beneficial for brain function in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Härmä
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: Maiju Härmä Division of Musculoskeletal and Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 281 (Stenbäckinkatu 11), FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland E-mail:
| | - Leena Lauronen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children’s Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Junnu Leikola
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyri Hukki
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Saarikko
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cranial Shape in Infants Aged One Month Can Predict the Severity of Deformational Plagiocephaly at the Age of Six Months. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071797. [PMID: 35407405 PMCID: PMC8999343 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to monitor changes in cranial shape using three-dimensional (3D) scanning to determine whether the severity of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) at the age of 6 months could be predicted at the age of 1 month. The cranial shape was measured at the ages of 1, 3, and 6 months (T1, T2, and T3, respectively) in 92 infants. We excluded those who received helmet treatment before T3. The cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) using 3D scanning was evaluated in all infants. DP was defined as a CVAI > 5.0% with mild (CVAI ≤ 6.25%) or moderate/severe severity (CVAI > 6.25%). The CVAI cut-off value at T1 for severe DP at T3 was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. At T1, T2, and T3, the respective CVAI median values were 5.0%, 5.8%, and 4.7% and the DP incidence was 50.0%, 56.8%, and 43.2%, respectively. The DP severity temporarily worsened from T1 to T2 but then improved at T3. Among the infants, 73.9% had a similar DP severity at T1 and T3 (p = 1.0). A ROC curve analysis revealed a CVAI cut-off value of 7.8% at T1 predicted severe DP. It was concluded that later DP severity could be predicted using 3D scanning at T1 with properly defined cut-off values.
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MIYABAYASHI H, NAGANO N, KATO R, NOTO T, HASHIMOTO S, SAITO K, MORIOKA I. Reference Values for Cranial Morphology Based on Three-dimensional Scan Analysis in 1-month-old Healthy Infants in Japan. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022; 62:246-253. [PMID: 35370246 PMCID: PMC9178114 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2021-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, molded helmet therapy is used to treat infants with deformational plagiocephaly. However, the indices of normal cranial shape remain unclear, and thus, the prevalence of deformational plagiocephaly is unknown, particularly in Japan. We investigated the reference values for cranial morphological characteristics in 1-month-old Japanese infants using a three-dimensional scanner, to determine the prevalence of deformational plagiocephaly. One hundred fifty-three healthy infants who visited three hospitals (from April 2020 to March 2021) were enrolled. Cranial shape was measured using a three-dimensional scanner and was analyzed using image analysis software. Outcome measures were cranial volume, length, width, length-width ratio, circumference, asymmetry, and vault asymmetry index; cephalic index; and anterior, posterior, and overall symmetry ratios. The cranial vault asymmetry index >3.5% or ≥10% were diagnosed as deformational or severe deformational plagiocephaly, respectively. The mean age at measurement was 35.7 days. The mean cranial volume was 559 mL; cranial length, 129 mm; cranial width, 110 mm; length-width ratio, 118%; cephalic index, 85.2%; cranial circumference, 377 mm, cranial asymmetry, 6.4 mm; cranial vault asymmetry index, 5.0%; and anterior, posterior, and overall asymmetry ratios, 93.1%, 91.3%, and 96.4%, respectively. The prevalence of deformational and severe deformational plagiocephaly was 64.7% and 6.6%, respectively. Sex-based differences were observed for cranial volume and width. The results obtained in this study can be considered standard values that can facilitate the differentiation of abnormal infant cranial morphological characteristics for Japanese medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi MIYABAYASHI
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko NAGANO
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Risa KATO
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Takanori NOTO
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | | | - Katsuya SAITO
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Ichiro MORIOKA
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
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Takamatsu A, Hikosaka M, Kaneko T, Mikami M, Kaneko A. Evaluation of the Molding Helmet Therapy for Japanese Infants with Deformational Plagiocephaly. JMA J 2021; 4:50-60. [PMID: 33575503 PMCID: PMC7872780 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is cranial flattening on one side of the back of the skull produced by an extrinsic force on the intrinsically normal skull. When the flattening is symmetrical, the deformity is called deformational brachycephaly (DB). In the US, its prevalence has increased since the "Back to Sleep" campaign by the American Association of Pediatrics. Helmet therapy is reported to be effective in improving head deformity by multiple studies, but there are few evidences from Japan. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of helmet therapy for DP, and the feasibility of introducing this treatment to the clinical setting in Japan. METHODS This was a single-arm, retrospective, nonrandomized study. Data were collected on infants who visited the "Clinic for Baby's Head Shape" in the National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan, between 2011 and 2014. Improvements in Argenta classification, cranial asymmetry (CA), and cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) were evaluated. The relationships between CA and influencing factors were evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-seven infants (273 boys and 114 girls; average age, 4.7 months) visited the clinic during the period, and 159 patients who completed the helmet therapy were analyzed. There were statistically significant improvements in Argenta classification, CA, and CVAI. Almost all of the parents reported increased sweating and mild skin irritation, but no adverse events necessitated the cessation of helmet therapy, except for one patient with increased sweating. CONCLUSIONS Helmet therapy is safe and effective in treating DP and is feasible to introduce to the clinical setting in Japan. Through the distribution of knowledge regarding the etiology and treatment of head deformity, earlier detection and an evidence-based approach to head deformity are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Takamatsu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hikosaka
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kaneko
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Roider L, Ungerer G, Shock L, Aldridge K, Al-Samarraie M, Tanaka T, Muzaffar A. Increased Incidence of Ophthalmologic Findings in Children With Concurrent Isolated Nonsyndromic Metopic Suture Abnormalities and Deformational Cranial Vault Asymmetry. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:497-504. [PMID: 32929979 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620954739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this project was to study the incidence of ophthalmologic findings which are known to be risk factors for amblyopia in children who have coexisting metopic suture abnormalities and deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and brachycephaly (DB). DESIGN Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study reviewing records of a consecutive cohort of children under 2 years of age with metopic suture abnormalities and cranial vault asymmetries seen in both the plastic surgery and ophthalmology clinics from 2007 to 2017. SETTING Institutional tertiary care center with all care in plastic surgery under the senior author and the standard of care accepted in pediatric ophthalmology under one of two ophthalmologists. PATIENTS After application of exclusion criteria, 76 children diagnosed with metopic suture abnormalities and DP/DB were included in the study. Patients with severe trigonocephaly, other suture involvement, syndromic diagnoses, and primary ocular disorders were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Describe the incidences of refractive errors (astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia), anisometropia, strabismus, and amblyopia within the study population. RESULTS In our patient population, the rates of amblyopia (17.1%) and strabismus (15.8%) are higher than the general pediatric population rates of 1.5% to 1.8% and 2.4% to 3.6%, respectively. Overall, 47.4% had significant refractive error: 28.9% with astigmatism, 15.8% with hyperopia, 5.3% with myopia, and 10.5% with anisometropia. CONCLUSIONS In our patient population, children with coexisting metopic suture abnormalities and DP or DB had significant risk for amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roider
- 12271University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Garrett Ungerer
- 12271University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Leslie Shock
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 12271University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kristina Aldridge
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, 12271University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Thompson Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mohannad Al-Samarraie
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Division, 12271University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Neurological Surgery, 12271University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arshad Muzaffar
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MO, USA.,Craniofacial and Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MO, USA
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Sandy R, Hennocq Q, Nysjö J, Giran G, Friess M, Khonsari RH. Orbital shape in intentional skull deformations and adult sagittal craniosynostoses. J Anat 2018; 233:302-310. [PMID: 29926913 PMCID: PMC6081507 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intentional cranial deformations are the result of external mechanical forces exerted on the skull vault that modify the morphology of various craniofacial structures such as the skull base, the orbits and the zygoma. In this controlled study, we investigated the 3D shape of the orbital inner mould and the orbital volume in various types of intentional deformations and in adult non-operated scaphocephaly - the most common type of craniosynostosis - using dedicated morphometric methods. CT scans were performed on 32 adult skulls with intentional deformations, 21 adult skull with scaphocephaly and 17 non-deformed adult skulls from the collections of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris, France. The intentional deformations group included six skulls with Toulouse deformations, eight skulls with circumferential deformations and 18 skulls with antero-posterior deformations. Mean shape models were generated based on a semi-automatic segmentation technique. Orbits were then aligned and compared qualitatively and quantitatively using colour-coded distance maps and by computing the mean absolute distance, the Hausdorff distance, and the Dice similarity coefficient. Orbital symmetry was assessed after mirroring, superimposition and Dice similarity coefficient computation. We showed that orbital shapes were significantly and symmetrically modified in intentional deformations and scaphocephaly compared with non-deformed control skulls. Antero-posterior and circumferential deformations demonstrated a similar and severe orbital deformation pattern resulting in significant smaller orbital volumes. Scaphocephaly and Toulouse deformations had similar deformation patterns but had no effect on orbital volumes. This study showed that intentional deformations and scaphocephaly significantly interact with orbital growth. Our approach was nevertheless not sufficient to identify specific modifications caused by the different types of skull deformations or by scaphocephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Sandy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Quentin Hennocq
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisService de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et PlastiqueHôpital Necker – Enfants MaladesUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Johan Nysjö
- Center for Image AnalysisUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Guillaume Giran
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et StomatologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel‐DieuUniversité de NantesNantesFrance
| | - Martin Friess
- Département Homme et EnvironnementCNRS, UMR 7206Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'HommeParisFrance
| | - Roman Hossein Khonsari
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisService de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et PlastiqueHôpital Necker – Enfants MaladesUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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Morris LM. Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis and Deformational Head Shape Disorders. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2017; 24:517-530. [PMID: 27712818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of etiology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, including sagittal, metopic, coronal, lambdoid, and complex synostosis. Detailed discussion is presented regarding indications for surgical intervention and management options, including frontoorbital advancement, cranial vault reconstruction, endoscopic strip craniectomy, spring-assisted strip craniectomy, and cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Deformational plagiocephaly is also presented with treatment options including repositioning, physical therapy, and helmet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Morris
- Craniofacial Foundation of Utah, 5089 South 900 East, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84117, USA.
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Kyutoku S, Inagaki T. Review of Past Reports and Current Concepts of Surgical Management for Craniosynostosis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:217-224. [PMID: 28413181 PMCID: PMC5447813 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of surgery for craniosynostosis are to release increased intracranial pressure and to normalize cranial shape. The procedure was developed from a simple strip craniectomy in practice which ranged from the removal of the fused suture before the 1960s to total calvarial remodeling after 1970s and later methods of the 1990s, such as distraction and its modifications. According to its history, craniofacial surgeons might be changing their procedures with more effective, than less invasive ways. Since the late 1990s, when the distraction was applied to the craniofacial surgery, the gradual expansion, in particular of the anterior cranium, common in Japan, has long been controversial until the Caucasians accepted its use for the posterior cranium. Currently, the method may revert to the old procedure because a more sophisticated and better morphological result can be obtained depending on the types of deformity, even if a little more invasive maneuver is required. In other words, if treatment can be performed in optimal time, the procedures that were developed in the last half a century should be altered to each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Kyutoku
- Division of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Nara City Hospital
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12
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Khonsari R, Friess M, Nysjö J, Odri G, Malmberg F, Nyström I, Messo E, Hirsch J, Cabanis E, Kunzelmann K, Salagnac J, Corre P, Ohazama A, Sharpe P, Charlier P, Olszewski R. Shape and volume of craniofacial cavities in intentional skull deformations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:110-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Friess
- Département Hommes; Natures, Sociétés & CNRS UMR 7206; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Musée de l'Homme; Paris; France
| | - J. Nysjö
- Centre for Image Analysis; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - G. Odri
- Clinique Chirurgicale Orthopédique et Traumatologique; CHU Hôtel-Dieu; Nantes; France
| | - F. Malmberg
- Centre for Image Analysis; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - I. Nyström
- Centre for Image Analysis; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - E. Messo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery; Medical Faculty; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - J.M. Hirsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery; Medical Faculty; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - E.A.M. Cabanis
- Service de Neuroradiologie; Centre Hospitalier National Ophtalmologique des XV-XX; Paris; France
| | - K.H. Kunzelmann
- Poliklinic für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Münich; Germany
| | - J.M. Salagnac
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Stomatologie; CHU Hôtel-Dieu; Nantes; France
| | - P. Corre
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Stomatologie; CHU Hôtel-Dieu; Nantes; France
| | - A. Ohazama
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Research; Dental Institute; King's College London; UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Research; Dental Institute; King's College London; UK
| | - P. Charlier
- Service d'anatomopathologie; Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré; Garches; France
| | - R. Olszewski
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Stomatologie; Hôpital Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain; Bruxelles; Belgique
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