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Almeida LE, Doetzer A, Beck ML. Immunohistochemical Markers of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030789. [PMID: 36769438 PMCID: PMC9917491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of internal derangements encompassing dysfunction, displacement, degeneration of the temporomandibular joints and surroundings muscles of mastication, often accompanied by pain. Relationships between TMD and various chemical biomarkers have been examined throughout the years. This paper aims to gather evidence from the literature regarding other biomarkers and presenting them as one systematic review to investigate the potential links between TMD and different biochemical activity. To identify relevant papers, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and a manual search was performed in the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, and Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. The literature review produced extensive results relating to the biochemical and immunohistochemical markers of TMD. Many enzymes, inflammatory markers, proteoglycans, and hormones were identified and organized in tables, along with a brief description, study design, and conclusion of each study. Through this review, recurring evidence provides confidence in suggesting involvement of certain biomarkers that may be involved in this complex pathogenesis, in addition to pointing to differences in gender prevalence of TMD. However, more organized research on large human samples needs to be conducted to delve deeper into the understanding of how this disease develops and progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Almeida
- Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Doetzer
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Matthew L. Beck
- Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Perotto JH, Camejo FDA, Doetzer AD, Almeida LE, Azevedo M, Olandoski M, Noronha L, Trevilatto PC. Expression of MMP-13 in human temporomandibular joint disc derangement and osteoarthritis. Cranio 2017; 36:161-166. [PMID: 28446077 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1315511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MMP-13 performs digestion of collagen, which is a primary component of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular disc. This study evaluated the expression of MMP-13 in patients with anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR), and in the presence of TMJ osteoarthrosis. METHODS Thirty-nine human temporomandibular joint disc samples were collected and divided in two ways: ADDwR (21 samples), ADDwoR (10 samples), and a control group (8 samples); and with osteoarthrosis (10 samples) and without osteoarthrosis (29 samples). Immunostaining of the TMJ discs was statistically compared between the groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference for the area of MMP-13 immunostaining between the control group, ADDwR, and ADDwoR, nor between groups with and without osteoarthrosis. CONCLUSION This study suggests MMP-13 is not significantly involved in collagen degradation in human TMJ disc displacement or osteoarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Henrique Perotto
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Flavio de Alcantara Camejo
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Andrea Duarte Doetzer
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | | | - Marina Azevedo
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Márcia Olandoski
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Lucia Noronha
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Trevilatto
- a School of Health and Biosciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) , Curitiba , Brazil
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de Alcântara Camejo F, Azevedo M, Ambros V, Caporal KST, Doetzer AD, Almeida LE, Olandoski M, Noronha L, Trevilatto PC. Interleukin-6 expression in disc derangement of human temporomandibular joint and association with osteoarthrosis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:768-774. [PMID: 28341537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a coordinated response that protects host after infection or trauma, involving several molecular reactions. Once the inflammation is closely linked to the process of destruction of the temporomandibular joint, this study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important inflammatory marker, in temporomandibular articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) and its association with osteoarthrosis (OA). Thirty-eight (n = 38) articular discs were divided into two cutoffs: 1) analysis 1: 4 control (acute pathology), 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR; and 2) analysis 2: without OA (n = 21) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (p < 0.05). In the disc samples, no significant differences were observed between the groups ADDwR and ADDwoR, and with and without OA, in respect to the expression of IL-6 by immunohistochemical examination. Future studies should be conducted with a larger sample size, which could clarify the association of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Azevedo
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Viviane Ambros
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Duarte Doetzer
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Olandoski
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucia Noronha
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Zhang C, Liu S, Wu J. Association of the Polymorphism of TRAIL with the Risk and Severity of Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Chinese Han Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:450-3. [PMID: 26083528 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis of various normal and tumor cells. Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). AIMS The aim of this study was to determine whether the 1595C/T polymorphism of the TRAIL gene is associated with the increased risk and severity of LDD in the Chinese Han population. METHODS This study consisted of 312 patients with LDD and 196 healthy controls. The grade of disc degeneration was determined according to Schneiderman's classification for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS The genotype frequency of the 1595C/T polymorphism was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.278). Patients with LDD had significantly lower frequencies of CT and TT genotypes compared with normal controls (p<0.001). In addition, a lower frequency of the T allele was found in patients with LDD than normal controls (p<0.001). Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that CT and TT genotypes were both significantly associated with a reduced risk of LDD compared with the CC genotype (p<0.001; odds ratio [OR] 0.327; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.217-0.493 and p<0.001; OR 0.393; 95% CI 0.234-0.661, respectively). Furthermore, the T allele was significantly associated with a decreased risk of LDD compared with the C allele (p<0.001; OR 0.483; 95% CI 0.369-0.633). In addition, the CT and TT genotypes, as well as the T allele, were associated with lower degenerative grades of LDD compared with the CC genotype and the C allele, respectively (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The 1595C/T polymorphism of TRAIL may be adversely associated with the risk and severity of LDD in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- The Third Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Shuyang , Suqian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouzheng Liu
- The Third Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Shuyang , Suqian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- The Third Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Shuyang , Suqian, People's Republic of China
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Camejo FDA, Almeida LE, Doetzer AD, Caporal KST, Ambros V, Azevedo M, Alanis LRA, Olandoski M, Noronha L, Trevilatto PC. FasL expression in articular discs of human temporomandibular joint and association with osteoarthrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:69-75. [PMID: 23750602 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is a programme of cell death which does not induce an inflammatory response. Recent previous research has suggested a correlation between temporomandibular internal derangement and apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is an apoptosis-inducing factor, known to trigger apoptosis through distinct signal pathways. This study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of FasL in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) in patients with and without osteoarthrosis (OA). METHODS Forty-two (n = 42) TMJ articular discs were divided into two cut-offs: (i) 8 control, 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR, and (ii) without OA (n = 25) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of FasL in TMJ discs between the three groups (P = 0.001). ADDwR presented significant higher FasL expression when compared with ADDwoR (P < 0.001). Significant higher FasL expression was observed in the group without OA (P = 0.001). All patients without OA presented ADDwR, while all the patients with OA presented ADDwoR. CONCLUSION A higher area of in situ immunostaining of FasL was found in temporomandibular discs with reduction, which is the less severe condition. Moreover, a reduced expression of FasL in the discs of patients with osteoarthrosis was found, suggesting that some aspects of apoptosis might underlie the progression of TMJ disorders.
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Caltabiano R, Leonardi R, Musumeci G, Bartoloni G, Rusu MC, Almeida LE, Loreto C. Apoptosis in temporomandibular joint disc with internal derangement involves mitochondrial-dependent pathways. An in vivo study. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:577-83. [PMID: 22783811 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two main apoptosis pathways have been identified: an extrinsic (or death receptor-mediated) and an intrinsic (or mitochondrial) pathway. Apoptotic cell death through the extrinsic pathway has just been described in temporomandibular joint disc (TMJ) with internal derangement (ID); in contrast, no data are available on the involvement of the intrinsic pathway in this tissue. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the intrinsic pathway participates in apoptosis activation in patients with TMJ ID and anterior disc displacement without reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apoptosis activation was studied in TMJ discs from 15 patients with ID and in six unaffected discs using bcl-2-associated X protein (bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), cytochrome c and caspase 9 immunohistochemistry. A correlation was sought between immunohistochemical findings and degree of disc damage. RESULTS None of the pathological TMJ disc sections were immunopositive for bcl-2; negative bcl-2 immunostaining was detected in affected discs; cytochrome c and caspase 9 immunoreactivity was greater in pathological compared to unaffected discs; the difference was significant and correlated with histopathological degeneration score data (Spearman's rho = 0.617). CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that in-human TMJ with ID and anterior disc displacement without reduction of cell apoptosis occurs, at least partly, via the mitochondrial pathway, which contributes to the subsequent disc degeneration. These data may have clinical implications and could help devise improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Caltabiano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Loreto C, Leonardi R, Musumeci G, Pannone G, Castorina S. An ex vivo study on immunohistochemical localization of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in temporomandibular joint discs with internal derangement. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e12. [PMID: 23807291 PMCID: PMC3794338 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal derangement (ID) is among the most common disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Previous research by our group highlighted a correlation between apoptosis and TMJ ID. Metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and -9 have been shown to play an important role in extracellular matrix ECM) homeostasis and, through it, in joint disc remodelling. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-7 and -9 was investigated in discs from patients with TMJ ID and from healthy donors and compared with the degree of histological tissue degeneration. The collagen fibre arrangement in pathological discs exhibited varying degrees of disruption. New vessels were consistently detected; endothelial cells from these vessels were immunolabelled with both MMP-7 and MMP-9. More or less intense MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunolabelling was detected in the cytoplasm of disc cells from all patients. MMP-7 and MMP-9 immunostaining was significantly different between pathological and normal discs and correlated with the extent of histopathological degeneration. MMP-7 and MMP-9 upregulation in discs from patients with TMJ ID demonstrates their involvement in disc damage in this disorder. A greater understanding of these processes could help identify ways to curb MMP overproduction without affecting their tissue remodelling action. The design of specific inhibitors for these MMPs would not only help to gain insights into the biological roles of MMPs, but would also aid in developing therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with abnormal ECM degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loreto
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Anatomy Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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