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Maeda K, Kuriyama N, Noguchi D, Ito T, Gyoten K, Hayasaki A, Fujii T, Iizawa Y, Murata Y, Tanemura A, Kishiwada M, Mizuno S. Xa inhibitor edoxaban ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via PAR-2-ERK 1/2 pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292628. [PMID: 38748746 PMCID: PMC11095713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury causes liver damage during surgery. In hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, the blood coagulation cascade is activated, causing microcirculatory incompetence and cellular injury. Coagulation factor Xa (FXa)- protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 signaling activates inflammatory reactions and the cytoprotective effect of FXa inhibitor in several organs. However, no studies have elucidated the significance of FXa inhibition on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study elucidated the treatment effect of an FXa inhibitor, edoxaban, on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, focusing on FXa-PAR-2 signaling. A 60 min hepatic partial-warm ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model and a hypoxia-reoxygenation model of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were used. Ischemia-reperfusion injury mice and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were treated and pretreated, respectively with or without edoxaban. They were incubated during hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro. Cell signaling was evaluated using the PAR-2 knockdown model. In ischemia-reperfusion injury mice, edoxaban treatment significantly attenuated fibrin deposition in the sinusoids and liver histological damage and resulted in both anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury upregulated PAR-2 generation and enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) activation; however, edoxaban treatment reduced PAR-2 generation and suppressed ERK 1/2 activation in vivo. In the hypoxia/reoxygenation model of sinusoidal endothelial cells, hypoxia/reoxygenation stress increased FXa generation and induced cytotoxic effects. Edoxaban protected sinusoidal endothelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation stress and reduced ERK 1/2 activation. PAR-2 knockdown in the sinusoidal endothelial cells ameliorated hypoxia/reoxygenation stress-induced cytotoxicity and suppressed ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, edoxaban ameliorated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by protecting against micro-thrombosis in sinusoids and suppressing FXa-PAR-2-induced inflammation in the sinusoidal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Maeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Naohisa Kuriyama
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noguchi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Gyoten
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Aoi Hayasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takehiro Fujii
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iizawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murata
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanemura
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masashi Kishiwada
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Shugo Mizuno
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Carré J, Kerforne T, Hauet T, Macchi L. Tissue Injury Protection: The Other Face of Anticoagulant Treatments in the Context of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury with a Focus on Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17491. [PMID: 38139319 PMCID: PMC10743711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation has enhanced the length and quality of life of patients suffering from life-threatening organ failure. Donors deceased after brain death (DBDDs) have been a primary source of organs for transplantation for a long time, but the need to find new strategies to face organ shortages has led to the broadening of the criteria for selecting DBDDs and advancing utilization of donors deceased after circulatory death. These new sources of organs come with an elevated risk of procuring organs of suboptimal quality. Whatever the source of organs for transplant, one constant issue is the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The latter results from the variation of oxygen supply during the sequence of ischemia and reperfusion, from organ procurement to the restoration of blood circulation, triggering many deleterious interdependent processes involving biochemical, immune, vascular and coagulation systems. In this review, we focus on the roles of thrombo-inflammation and coagulation as part of IR injury, and we give an overview of the state of the art and perspectives on anticoagulant therapies in the field of transplantation, discussing benefits and risks and proposing a strategic guide to their use during transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carré
- Service D’Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- INSERM 1313 Ischémie Reperfusion, Métabolisme, Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (T.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Kerforne
- INSERM 1313 Ischémie Reperfusion, Métabolisme, Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (T.K.); (T.H.)
- Service D’Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
- FHU Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation (SUPORT), 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM 1313 Ischémie Reperfusion, Métabolisme, Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (T.K.); (T.H.)
- FHU Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation (SUPORT), 86000 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Macchi
- Service D’Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- INSERM 1313 Ischémie Reperfusion, Métabolisme, Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (T.K.); (T.H.)
- FHU Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation (SUPORT), 86000 Poitiers, France
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Yurista SR, Silljé HHW, Nijholt KT, Dokter MM, van Veldhuisen DJ, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. Factor Xa Inhibition with Apixaban Does Not Influence Cardiac Remodelling in Rats with Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:953-963. [PMID: 32458320 PMCID: PMC8452585 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is considered to be a prothrombotic condition and it has been suggested that coagulation factors contribute to maladaptive cardiac remodelling via activation of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). We tested the hypothesis that anticoagulation with the factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor apixaban would ameliorate cardiac remodelling in rats with HF after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either subjected to permanent ligation of the left ascending coronary artery (MI) or sham surgery. The MI and sham animals were randomly allocated to treatment with placebo or apixaban in the chow (150 mg/kg/day), starting 2 weeks after surgery. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and histological and molecular markers of cardiac hypertrophy were assessed in the left ventricle (LV). Apixaban resulted in a fivefold increase in anti-FXa activity compared with vehicle, but no overt bleeding was observed and haematocrit levels remained similar in apixaban- and vehicle-treated groups. After 10 weeks of treatment, LV ejection fraction was 42 ± 3% in the MI group treated with apixaban and 37 ± 2 in the vehicle-treated MI group (p > 0.05). Both vehicle- and apixaban-treated MI groups also displayed similar degrees of LV dilatation, LV hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Histological and molecular markers for pathological remodelling were also comparable between groups, as was the activity of signalling pathways downstream of the PAR1 receptor. CONCLUSION FXa inhibition with apixaban does not influence pathological cardiac remodelling after MI. These data do not support the use of FXa inhibitor in HF patients with the aim to amend the severity of HF. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salva R Yurista
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten T Nijholt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin M Dokter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide. Though highly beneficial, reperfusion of myocardium is associated with reperfusion injury. While indirect inhibition of Factor Xa has been shown to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study sought to evaluate the effect of rivaroxaban (RIV), a direct inhibitor of Factor Xa, on myocardial I/R injury and determine its cellular targets. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a rat model of 40-min coronary ligation followed by reperfusion. RIV (3 mg/kg) was given per os 1 h before reperfusion. Infarct size and myocardial proteic expression of survival pathways were assessed at 120 and 30 min of reperfusion, respectively. Plasmatic levels of P-selectin and von Willebrand factor were measured at 60 min of reperfusion. Cellular RIV effects were assessed using hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) models on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and on rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2 cell line). KEY RESULTS RIV decreased infarct size by 21% (42.9% vs. 54.2% in RIV-treated rats and controls respectively, P < 0.05) at blood concentrations similar to human therapeutic (387.7 ± 152.3 ng/mL) levels. RIV had no effect on H/R-induced modulation of endothelial phenotype, nor did it alter myocardial activation of reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor activating factor enhancement pathways at 30 min after reperfusion. However, RIV exerted a cytoprotective effect on H9c2 cells submitted to H/R. CONCLUSIONS RIV decreased myocardial I/R injury in rats at concentrations similar to human therapeutic ones. This protection was not associated with endothelial phenotype modulation but rather with potential direct cytoprotection on cardiomyocytes.
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Total Salvianolic Acid Injection Prevents Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury Via Antioxidant Mechanism Involving Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Through the Upregulation of Sirtuin1 and Sirtuin3. Shock 2020; 51:745-756. [PMID: 29863652 PMCID: PMC6511432 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) are known to participate in regulating mitochondrial function. However, whether Total Salvianolic Acid Injection (TSI) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through regulating Sirt1, Sirt3, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of TSI on I/R-induced myocardial injury and the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 90 min reperfusion with or without TSI treatment (8 mg/kg/h). The results demonstrated that TSI attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury by the reduced infarct size, recovery of myocardial blood flow, and decreased cardiac apoptosis. Moreover, TSI protected heart from oxidative insults, such as elevation of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, ROS, as well as attenuated I/R-elicited downregulation of Sirt1, Sirt3, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex 10 (NDUFA10), succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein variant (SDHA), and restoring mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity. The in vitro study in H9c2 cells using siRNA transfection further confirmed the critical role of Sirt1 and Sirt3 in the effect of TSI on the expression of NDUFA10 and SDHA. These results demonstrated that TSI attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury via inhibition of oxidative stress, which was related to the activation of NDUFA10 and SDHA through the upregulation of Sirt1 and Sirt3.
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Corydon KK, Matchkov V, Fais R, Abramochkin D, Hedegaard ER, Comerma-Steffensen S, Simonsen U. Effect of ischemic preconditioning and a Kv7 channel blocker on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172820. [PMID: 31760069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we found cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and from a blocker of KCNQ voltage-gated K+ channels (KV7), XE991 (10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone), in isolated rat hearts. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of IPC and XE991 and whether they are cardioprotective in intact rats. In conscious rats, we measured the effect of the KV7 channel blocker XE991 on heart rate and blood pressure by use of telemetry. In anesthetized rats, cardiac ischemia was induced by occluding the left coronary artery, and the animals received IPC (2 × 5 min of occlusion), XE991, or a combination. After a 2 h reperfusion period, the hearts were excised, and the area at risk and infarct size were determined. In both anesthetized and conscious rats, XE991 increased blood pressure, and the highest dose (7.5 mg/kg) of XE991 also increased heart rate, and 44% of conscious rats died. XE991 induced marked changes in the electrocardiogram (e.g., increased PR interval and prolonged QTC interval) without changing cardiac action potentials. The infarct size to area at risk ratio was reduced from 53 ± 2% (n = 8) in the vehicle compared to 36 ± 3% in the IPC group (P < 0.05, n = 9). XE991 (0.75 mg/kg) treatment alone or on top of IPC failed to reduce myocardial infarct size. Similar to the effect in isolated hearts, locally applied IPC was cardioprotective in intact animals exposed to ischemia-reperfusion. Systemic administration of XE991 failed to protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury suggesting effects on the autonomic nervous system counteracting the cardioprotection in intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krestine Kjeldsen Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Physiology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Physiology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rafael Fais
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Physiology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia; Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Department of Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elise Røge Hedegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Physiology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Physiology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Physiology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Bode MF, Auriemma AC, Grover SP, Hisada Y, Rennie A, Bode WD, Vora R, Subramaniam S, Cooley B, Andrade-Gordon P, Antoniak S, Mackman N. The factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban reduces cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 2018; 167:128-134. [PMID: 29843086 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rivaroxaban selectively inhibits factor Xa (FXa), which plays a central role in blood coagulation. In addition, FXa activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). We have shown that PAR-2-/- mice exhibit less cardiac dysfunction after cardiac injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wild-type (WT) and PAR-2-/- mice were subjected to left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation to induce cardiac injury and heart failure. Mice received either placebo or rivaroxaban chow either starting at the time of surgery or 3 days after surgery and continued up to 28 days. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography pre-surgery and 3, 7 and 28 days after LAD ligation. We also measured anticoagulation, intravascular thrombi, infarct size, cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation at various times. RESULTS Rivaroxaban increased the prothrombin time and inhibited the formation of intravascular thrombi in mice subjected to LAD ligation. WT mice receiving rivaroxaban immediately after surgery had similar infarct sizes at day 1 as controls but exhibited significantly less impairment of cardiac function at day 3 and beyond compared to the placebo group. Rivaroxaban also inhibited the expansion of the infarct at day 28. Rivaroxaban did not significantly affect the expression of inflammatory mediators or a neutrophil marker at day 2 after LAD ligation. Delaying the start of rivaroxaban administration until 3 days after surgery failed to preserve cardiac function. In addition, rivaroxaban did not reduce cardiac dysfunction in PAR-2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Early administration of rivaroxaban preserves cardiac function in mice after LAD ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Bode
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alyson C Auriemma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven P Grover
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alex Rennie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weeranun D Bode
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rashi Vora
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Cooley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Protective Effects of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) in Myocardial Ischaemia and Reperfusion Injury in VIVO. Shock 2018; 46:202-13. [PMID: 26844976 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death, occurs after prolonged ischemia of the coronary arteries. Restore blood flow is the first intervention help against heart attack. However, reperfusion of the arteries leads to ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). The fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous compound widely present in living organisms, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study evaluated the effect of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) treatment on the inflammatory process associated with myocardial I/R. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. PEA-um, was administered (10 mg/kg) 15 min after ischemia and 1 h after reperfusion. In this study, we demonstrated that PEA-um treatment reduces myocardial tissue injury, neutrophil infiltration, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, P-selectin) expression, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) production, nitrotyrosine and PAR formation, nuclear factor kB expression, and apoptosis (Fas-L, Bcl-2) activation. In addition to study whether the protective effect of PEA-um on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is also related to the activation of PPAR-α, in a separate set of experiments it has been performed myocardial I/R in PPARα mice. Genetic ablation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α in PPAR-αKO mice exacerbated Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury when compared with PPAR-αWT mice. PEA-um induced cardioprotection in PPAR-α wild-type mice, but the same effect cannot be observed in PPAR-αKO mice. Our results have clearly shown a modulation of the inflammatory process, associated with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, following administration of PEA-um.
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Zhao YR, Wang D, Liu Y, Shan L, Zhou JL. The PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways mediate the protection of SO2 against acute lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:229-39. [PMID: 26541157 PMCID: PMC10716937 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is naturally synthesized by glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) from L-cysteine in mammalian cells. We found that SO2 may have a protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. The PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways are crucial in cell signaling transduction. The present study aims to verify the role of SO2 on limb I/R-induced ALI, and investigate whether PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways were involved, as well as the relationship among the three pathways; we used specific inhibitors (LY294002, SB03580, and Stattic) to block them, respectively. The experimental methods of Western, ELISA, TUNEL, etc., were used to test the results. In the I/R group, the parameters of lung injury (MDA, MPO, TUNEL, cytokines) increased significantly, but the administration of Na2SO3/NaHSO3 attenuated the damage in the lung. The Western results showed that the rat's lung exist expression of P-STAT3, P-AKT, and P-p38 proteins. After I/R, P-STAT3, P-Akt, and P-p38 proteins expression all increased. After using Na2SO3/NaHSO3, P-Akt, and P-p38 proteins expression increased, but P-STAT3 protein expression decreased. We also found a strange phenomenon; compared to the I/R + SO2 group, the administration of stattic, P-p38 protein expression showed no change, but P-Akt protein expression increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SO2 has a protective effect on rats with limb I/R-induced ALI. The JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, and p38MAPK pathways are likely all involved in the process, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway may have an impact on the P13K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Understanding STAT3 signaling in cardiac ischemia. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:27. [PMID: 27017613 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. It remains one of the greatest challenges to global health and will continue to dominate mortality trends in the future. Acute myocardial infarction results in 7.4 million deaths globally per annum. Current management strategies are centered on restoration of coronary blood flow via percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and administration of anti-platelet agents. Such myocardial reperfusion accounts for 40-50 % of the final infarct size in most cases. Signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects via canonical and non-canonical activation and modulation of mitochondrial and transcriptional responses. A significant body of in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that activation of the STAT3 signal transduction pathway results in a cardio protective response to ischemia and attempts have been made to modulate this with therapeutic effect. Not only is STAT3 important for cardiomyocyte function, but it also modulates the cardiac microenvironment and communicates with cardiac fibroblasts. To this end, we here review the current evidence supporting the manipulation of STAT3 for therapeutic benefit in cardiac ischemia and identify areas for future research.
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Guillou S, Tamareille S, Giraud S, Poitevin G, Prunier-Mirebeau D, Nguyen P, Prunier F, Macchi L. Fondaparinux upregulates thrombomodulin and the endothelial protein C receptor during early-stage reperfusion in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 2016; 141:98-103. [PMID: 26994471 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fondaparinux (FDX) was demonstrated to be cardioprotective in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion. In this model, FDX reduced infarct size after 2h of reperfusion, involving the activation of the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway as early as 30min post-reperfusion. Our aim was to study if this cardioprotection could be explained by anti-inflammatory mechanisms and a protective effect on vessels. METHODS Wistar male rats were subjected to 40minutes (min) of myocardial ischemia, followed by 30min or 2h of reperfusion. Rats were randomized into four groups: control 30min (n=7), FDX 30min (n=7), control 2h (n=7), and FDX 2h (n=7). The FDX groups received 10mg/kg injection of FDX 10min prior to initiating reperfusion. We studied: 1) mRNA expression of endothelial markers, such as thrombomodulin (TM), endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), and tissue factor (TF) and 2) proteic expression of ICAM-1, NF-κB, IκB, and JNK. Leukocyte infiltration was assessed by histochemistry. We also evaluated TM and EPCR mRNA expression in a model of isolated rat mesenteric arteries incubated with FDX. RESULTS FDX upregulated the expression of TM and EPCR mRNA in the models of myocardial infarction and isolated mesenteric arteries. No difference was observed between the treated and control groups regarding the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling proteins, adhesion molecules, and leukocyte infiltration after 2h of reperfusion. CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effect of FDX at early-stage reperfusion could be related to vascular protection, yet not to an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guillou
- CHU Poitiers, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France; Université d'Angers, EA3860 CRT, Angers, France
| | - S Tamareille
- Université d'Angers, EA3860 CRT, Angers, France; Institut MITOVASC, Angers, France
| | - S Giraud
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France
| | - G Poitevin
- Université de Reims, EA3801 HERVI, Reims, France
| | - D Prunier-Mirebeau
- Institut MITOVASC, Angers, France; CHU Angers, Département de biochimie et génétique, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6214, Angers, France
| | - P Nguyen
- Université de Reims, EA3801 HERVI, Reims, France
| | - F Prunier
- Université d'Angers, EA3860 CRT, Angers, France; Institut MITOVASC, Angers, France; CHU Angers, Service de Cardiologie, Angers, France
| | - L Macchi
- CHU Poitiers, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France.
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Hale SL, Kloner RA. Dabigatran treatment: effects on infarct size and the no-reflow phenomenon in a model of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 39:50-4. [PMID: 25017632 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-014-1098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The no-reflow phenomenon occurs when an epicardial coronary artery is reopened following myocardial infarction, but portions of the intramural microvasculature fail to reperfuse. One potential mechanism for this is the presence of fibrin tactoids. In addition, some recent studies have suggested that dabigatran treatment may be associated with increased incidence of myocardial infarction. Our aim was to investigate the effect on myocardial infarct size and no-reflow in an acute model of ischemia/reperfusion. Anesthetized, open-chest rabbits were randomly assigned to receive dabigatran (Dab, 0.5 mg/kg bolus + infusion, 0.15 mg/kg/h, IV, n = 11) or vehicle (Veh, n = 11) 15 m before a 30-m coronary artery occlusion and during 2.5 h of the 3 h reperfusion procedure. At the end of the reperfusion period, infarct size (% risk zone) and no-reflow defect were measured. The ischemic risk zone (% of left ventricle) was similar in groups, 24 % in Dab and 25 % in Veh. Necrosis was neither reduced nor increased by Dab treatment; expressed as a percentage of the risk region, infarct size was 30 ± 4 % in Dab and 28 ± 5 % in Veh, p = 0.76. The extent of no-reflow was comparable, expressed either as a percent of the risk region (19 ± 3 %, Dab and 18 ± 3 %, Veh) or as a percent of the necrotic zone (67 ± 8 % Dab and 65 ± 10 % Veh). Dab treatment had no effect on heart rate or blood pressure. Dabigatran treatment did not prevent or ameliorate the no-reflow phenomenon, suggesting that fibrin does not play a major role in the development of microvascular obstruction. Dabigatran did not exacerbate myocardial infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hale
- The Heart Institute of Good Samaritan Hospital, 1225 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA,
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Antoniak S, Sparkenbaugh E, Pawlinski R. Tissue factor, protease activated receptors and pathologic heart remodelling. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:893-900. [PMID: 25104210 DOI: 10.1160/th14-03-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor is the primary initiator of coagulation cascade and plays an essential role in haemostasis and thrombosis. In addition, tissue factor and coagulation proteases contribute to many cellular responses via activation of protease activated receptors. The heart is an organ with high levels of constitutive tissue factor expression. This review focuses on the role of tissue factor, coagulation proteases and protease activated receptors in heart haemostasis and the pathological heart remodelling associated with myocardial infarction, viral myocarditis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Rafal Pawlinski, PhD, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 320A Mary Ellen Jones Bldg, 98 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA, Tel: 919 843 8387, Fax: 919 843 4896, E-mail:
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What’s New in Shock? February 2014. Shock 2014; 41:89-90. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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