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Peng H, Jing X, Han S, Lin W. Detecting viscosity changes in the limb ischemia-reperfusion in mice with a near-infrared fluorescence probe. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342733. [PMID: 38816158 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb ischemia-reperfusion is a common phenomenon in clinical surgery, which disrupts the balanced physiological response process and ultimately leads to changes in intracellular viscosity. Intracellular viscosity is an important microenvironmental parameter that affects the normal function of organisms, and its level is closely related to many diseases. In addition, oxidative stress in the lower limbs can impair body function, and changes in pressure can lead to changes in the viscosity of limb tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective tools to detect changes in intracellular viscosity and visualize the progression of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS In order to solve this problem, a near infrared viscometry sensitive fluorescence probe (PH-XQ) with long emission wavelength and stable luminescence performance was designed and synthesized by using oxanthracene derivatives and malononitrile. The fluorescence probe (PH-XQ) has excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, low toxicity, high biocompatibility and excellent detection performance. The fluorescence intensity of the PH-XQ probe at 667 nm is highly sensitive to the change of viscosity. With the increase of viscosity, the fluorescence intensity of probe PH-XQ was significantly enhanced, and the fluorescence enhancement ratio was about 14-fold. In addition, PH-XQ can detect not only changes in viscosity between normal cells and drug-induced inflammatory cells, but also changes in the viscosity of the hind limbs of normal mice and mice after ischemia reperfusion. SIGNIFICANCE In particular, we are the first to successfully detect changes in handlimb viscosity after ischemia-reperfusion in mice using a probe. This study clearly elucidates changes in viscosity during ischemia-reperfusion of mouse limbs, providing favorable support for the relationship between viscosity and related diseases, and further providing a potential tool for the diagnosis of viscosity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Xinying Jing
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Song Han
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China.
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Apichartpiyakul P, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Rerkasem K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mechanisms and Interventions on Acute Lower Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Review and Insights from Cell to Clinical Investigations. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 86:452-481. [PMID: 35589030 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This review aims to highlight mechanistic insights on skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), a potentially life-threatening complication after acute lower limb ischemia. Lower limb IRI produces a wide spectrum of manifestations, ranging from local skeletal muscle necrosis to multi-organ failure. There is increasing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo reports to demonstrate several promising interventions that have successfully reduced IRI in skeletal muscle ischemic models. However, clinical studies to confirm their benefits are still lacking. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive search of English literature listed in the PubMed database (All related published articles shown in PubMed until September 2020 have been included in this review), using the following keywords: acute limb ischemia, acute arterial occlusion, compartment syndrome, ischemic reperfusion injury, revascularization and hypoxic reoxygenation. RESULT 58 articles pertinent to acute limb ischemia models were identified. The underlying mechanisms associated with IRI in skeletal muscle are due to excessive mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular apoptosis and activation of inflammatory cascades. Several therapeutic interventions including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been investigated and some showed promising results. These interventions include antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-hypertension, controlled-reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning. Further clinical studies are needed to warrant their use in a clinical setting for lower limb IRI treatment. CONCLUSION This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms underlying IRI in lower limb ischemia. The reports currently available regarding the potential therapeutic interventions against lower limb IRI from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies are presented and discussed. These findings may provide mechanistic insights for devising the strategies to improve the clinical outcomes in IRI patients in the near future. Further clinical studies are needed to warrant their use in a clinical setting for lower limb IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poon Apichartpiyakul
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Yang J. Protective effects of ischemic postconditioning on skeletal muscle following crush syndrome in the rat. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360701. [PMID: 34495138 PMCID: PMC8428673 DOI: 10.1590/acb360701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) on skeletal
muscle and its optimal protocol. Methods This article is about an animal study of rat model of crush syndrome. Sixty
rats were randomized into nine different IPostC intervention groups and a
control group. The anesthetized rats were subjected to unilateral hindlimb
3-kg compression with a compression device for 6 h, followed by nine
different IPostC intervention protocols. Results Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) at 3 h post-crush became 2.3-3.9 times
among all 10 groups after crush. At 72 h post-crush, serum CK level was
reduced to 0.28-0.53 time in all intervention groups. The creatinine (CREA)
level in the control group was elevated to 3.11 times at 3 h post-crush and
reduced to1.77 time at 72 h post-crush. The potassium (K+) level in the
control group was elevated to 1.65 and 1.41 time at 3 and 72 h post-crush,
respectively. Conclusions Our IPostC intervention protocols can effectively protect rats from
crush-induced elevation of serum CK, CREA, and K+ levels. The timing of
IPostC intervention should be as early as possible, to ensure the protective
effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Jing Yang
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China
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Hong Y, Zhang B, Yu L, Duan SS. Cell membrane integrity and revascularization: The possible functional mechanism of ischemic preconditioning for skeletal muscle protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:309-314. [PMID: 28291543 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to evaluate whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could make protective effects against skeletal muscle injuries induced by ischemic-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups of 6 subjects each: control group, I/R group, and IPC group. Thigh root ischemia of rats in the I/R group was induced by 3h ischemia and 24h reperfusion. IPC was applied by 3 periods of 15min ischemia/15min reperfusion prior to ischemia. Morphological changes in skeletal muscle cells induced by I/R and IPC were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. In addition, angiogenesis was evaluated by immunolabeling of CD31. RESULTS IPC could prevented morphological alternations induced by ischemia, including myofilament, cell membrane, cell matrix, nucleus, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum damage in skeletal muscle cells. The CD31 immunolabeling showed that neovascularization was observed in the IPC group but not in the I/R group. IPC could protect skeletal muscle cells from necrosis, apoptosis, and morphological damages induced by I/R injury. CONCLUSION Revascularization may play a key role in the mechanism underlying the protective effects of IPC in vivo.
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Mase VJ, Roe JL, Christy RJ, Dubick MA, Walters TJ. Postischemic conditioning does not reduce muscle injury after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:2065-2069. [PMID: 27614371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread application of tourniquets has reduced battlefield mortality related to extremity exsanguinations. Tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) can contribute to muscle loss. Postischemic conditioning (PostC) confers protection against I/R in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle flaps. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PostC on extremity muscle viability in an established rat hindlimb tourniquet model. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to PostC-1, PostC-2, or no conditioning ischemic groups (n = 10 per group). Postischemic conditioning, performed immediately after tourniquet release, consisted of four 15-second cycles (PostC-1) or eight 15-second cycles (PostC-2) of alternating occlusion and perfusion of hindlimbs. Twenty-four hours later, muscles were excised. The primary end points were muscle edema and viability; secondary end points were histologic and markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased viability in all tourniquet limbs, but viability was not improved in either PostC group. Likewise, I/R resulted in substantial muscle edema that was not reduced by PostC. The predominant histologic feature was necrosis, but no significant differences were found among groups. Markers of oxidative stress were increased similarly among groups after I/R, although myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased only in the no conditioning ischemic group. A protective effect from PostC was not observed in our model suggesting that PostC was not effective in reducing I/R skeletal muscle injury or any benefits of PostC were not sustained for 24 hours when tissues were assessed. CONCLUSION These negative findings are pertinent as the military investigates different strategies to extend the safe time for tourniquet application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Mase
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Extremity Trauma Research Program, San Antonio, TX 78234-7767.
| | - Janet L Roe
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Extremity Trauma Research Program, San Antonio, TX 78234-7767.
| | - Robert J Christy
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Extremity Trauma Research Program, San Antonio, TX 78234-7767.
| | - Michael A Dubick
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Damage Control Resuscitation Research Program, San Antonio, TX 78234-7767.
| | - Thomas J Walters
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Extremity Trauma Research Program, San Antonio, TX 78234-7767.
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Turóczi Z, Fülöp A, Czigány Z, Varga G, Rosero O, Tökés T, Kaszaki J, Lotz G, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Improvement of small intestinal microcirculation by postconditioning after lower limb ischemia. Microvasc Res 2015; 98:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Turóczi Z, Fülöp A, Lukáts Á, Garbaisz D, Lotz G, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Postconditioning Protects Skeletal Muscle Against a Long-Lasting Vascular Occlusion. J INVEST SURG 2014; 27:282-90. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2014.916367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yu B, Song B. Notch 1 signalling inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischaemic postconditioning. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 23:152-8. [PMID: 23948289 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have demonstrated that Notch signalling pathway is an important mediator of cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction. However, the mechanism by which Notch signalling pathway is mediating cardioprotection after ischaemic postconditioning (IPost) is still not understood thoroughly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which Notch signalling pathway mediated the cardioprotection effect after IPost. METHODS Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were randomly divided into six groups as follows: Control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation group (H/R), H/R+N1ICD group, H-post group, H-post+Notch-1miRNA group, and Mock group. We used pcDNA3.1-Myc-His plasmid and RNA interference (RNAi) to activate/inhibit the expression of Notch-1 in H9c2 cell lines. The Bcl-2, Bax genes and proteins were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The effects of Notch 1 signalling on cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Furthermore, Notch 1 signalling induced the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, thus leading to the activation of caspase-9/-3 measured using the colorimetric activity assay. RESULTS We found Notch 1 signalling reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in IPost through regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and activation of caspase-9 and -3. We found that after transfected with pcDNA3.1-Myc-His plasmid, activation of the Notch 1 gene effectively promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. The Notch 1 upregulation was accompanied by an upregulation of Bcl-2 and a downregulation of Bax. In addition, a paralled increase in caspase-9/-3 activities was observed. These effects were blunted by transfected with Notch-1 miRNA in the H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION Notch 1 signalling has a cardioprotection effect, which may result from cardiomyocyte apoptosis, by means of regulating the expression of cell apoptosis inhibiting proteins Bcl-2, Bax and the activation of caspase-9 and -3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Baoquan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Pottecher J, Guillot M, Belaidi E, Charles AL, Lejay A, Gharib A, Diemunsch P, Geny B. Cyclosporine A normalizes mitochondrial coupling, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation and partially restores skeletal muscle maximal oxidative capacity in experimental aortic cross-clamping. J Vasc Surg 2013; 57:1100-1108.e2. [PMID: 23332985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By binding to cyclophilin D, cyclosporine A (CsA) inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately cell death after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in cardiac muscle. This study tested whether CsA would decrease skeletal muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions after aortic cross-clamping related IR. METHODS Forty-five Wistar rats were investigated. The sham group (n = 8) had aortic exposure but no ischemia, the IR group (n = 10) had aortic cross-clamping for 3 hours followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, and the IR+CsA group (n = 9) had two intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg of CsA at 90 and 150 minutes of ischemia before reperfusion. Mitochondrial coupling (acceptor control ratio) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes' activities were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cyclophilin D expression, and muscle inflammation were determined using dihydroethidium staining, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. An additional 18 sham rats were investigated to determine CsA blood levels and the effects of CsA on mitochondrial respiration and calcium retention capacity, a marker of mPTP opening, both in myocardium and gastrocnemius with and without CsA. RESULTS Compared with sham, IR decreased mitochondrial coupling (1.38 ± 0.06 vs 1.98 ± 0.20; P = .0092), increased ROS production (3992 ± 706 arbitrary units [AU] vs 1812 ± 322 AU; P = .033), was associated with macrophage infiltration, and decreased maximal oxidative capacity (V(max): 4.08 ± 0.38 μmol O(2)/min/g vs 5.98 ± 0.56 μmol O(2)/min/g; P = .015). Despite IR, CsA treatment totally restored mitochondrial coupling (1.93 ± 0.12; P = .023 vs IR), normalized ROS (1569 ± 348 AU; P = .0098 vs IR), and decreased inflammation. The V(max) was slightly enhanced (5.02 ± 0.39 μmol O(2)/min/g; P = .33 vs IR; P = .35 vs sham). Compared with myocardium, gastrocnemius muscle was characterized by a decreased cyclophilin D content (-50%) associated with an earlier opening of mPTP (calcium retention capacity increased from 10.85 ± 1.35 μM/mg dry weight [DW] to 12.11 ± 2.77 μM/mg DW; P = .65; and from 11.07 ± 1.67 to 37.65 ± 11.41 μM/mg DW; P = .0098 in gastrocnemius and heart, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cyclosporine A normalized ROS production, decreased inflammation, and restored mitochondrial coupling during aortic cross-clamping. Incomplete Vmax protection might be due to low cyclophilin D expression in gastrocnemius, preventing CsA from blocking mPTP opening.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/surgery
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium/metabolism
- Constriction
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F
- Cyclophilins/metabolism
- Cyclosporine/administration & dosage
- Cyclosporine/blood
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pottecher
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, SAMU, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Ischemic postconditioning during reperfusion attenuates intestinal injury and mucosal cell apoptosis by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling activation. Shock 2013; 38:411-9. [PMID: 22777122 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3182662266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempts to evaluate the role of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced intestinal injury and whether immediate ischemic postconditioning ameliorates intestinal injury via attenuation of intestinal mucosal apoptosis subsequent to inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling activation. Anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion consisting of 60 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion; sham laparotomy served as controls. Animals received either subcutaneous administration of JAK2 inhibitor (AG490, 8 mg/kg) or STAT inhibitor (rapamycin, 0.4 mg/kg) 30 min before ischemia. Ischemic postconditioning was performed by three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s ischemia initiated immediately upon reperfusion. It was found that intestinal I/R resulted in conspicuous intestinal injury evidenced by significant increases in Chiu's score, lactic acid, and diamine oxidase activity, accompanied with increases in plasma levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane, endothelin 1, and thromboxane B2, as well as increase in the intestinal tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Meanwhile, the apoptotic index and cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated JAK2, phosphorylated STAT1, and phosphorylated STAT3 expression were significantly enhanced versus sham control. Both ischemic postconditioning and pretreatment with AG490 or rapamycin significantly attenuated all the above changes. These results indicate that JAK/STAT pathway activation plays a critical role in I/R-induced intestinal injury, which is associated with increased oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation, intestinal mucosal apoptosis, and microcirculation disturbance. Ischemic postconditioning mediates attenuation of intestinal I/R injury, and cell apoptosis may be attributable to the JAK/STAT signaling inhibition.
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El-Mas MM, Mohy El-Din MM, Helmy MM, Omar AG. Redox imbalances incite the hypertensive, baroreflex, and autonomic effects of cyclosporine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 694:82-8. [PMID: 22975291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies including ours showed that cyclosporine (CSA) causes baroreflex dysfunction and hypertension. Here we tested the hypothesis that oxidative damage in central and peripheral tissues underlies the hypertensive, baroreflex and autonomic actions elicited by CSA in rats. We investigated the effects of individual and combined 7-day treatments with CSA (25 mg/kg/day, n=7) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl (tempol, superoxide dismutase mimetic, 100 mg/kg/day, n=7) on blood pressure, reflex heart rate responses to peripherally mediated pressor and depressor responses, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. CSA elevated blood pressure and reduced reflex bradycardic (phenylephrine) and tachycardic (sodium nitroptrusside) responses. The ability of muscarinic (atropine, 1 mg/kg i.v.) or β-adrenoceptor blockade (propranolol, 1 mg/kg i.v.) to reduce reflex heart rate responses was reduced in CSA-treated rats, suggesting the impairment by CSA of reflex cardiac autonomic control. Concurrent administration of tempol abolished CSA-induced hypertension and normalized the associated impairment in baroreflex gain and cardiac autonomic control. Tempol also reversed the CSA-induced increases in aortic and brainstem nitrite/nitrate and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in aortic superoxide dismutase (SOD). These findings implicate oxidative stress in peripheral and central cardiovascular sites in the deleterious actions of CSA on blood pressure and baroreceptor control of heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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What's new in Shock, September 2011? Shock 2011; 36:205-7. [PMID: 21844786 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318228ec3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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