1
|
Taherian M, Bayati P, Mojtabavi N. Stem cell-based therapy for fibrotic diseases: mechanisms and pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38886859 PMCID: PMC11184790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process, that could result in permanent scarring and impairment of the physiological function of the affected organ; this condition which is categorized under the term organ failure could affect various organs in different situations. The involvement of the major organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and skin, is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the world. Fibrotic disorders encompass a broad range of complications and could be traced to various illnesses and impairments; these could range from simple skin scars with beauty issues to severe rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders such as systemic sclerosis as well as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, the overactivation of immune responses during any inflammatory condition causing tissue damage could contribute to the pathogenic fibrotic events accompanying the healing response; for instance, the inflammation resulting from tissue engraftment could cause the formation of fibrotic scars in the grafted tissue, even in cases where the immune system deals with hard to clear infections, fibrotic scars could follow and cause severe adverse effects. A good example of such a complication is post-Covid19 lung fibrosis which could impair the life of the affected individuals with extensive lung involvement. However, effective therapies that halt or slow down the progression of fibrosis are missing in the current clinical settings. Considering the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of distinct stem cell types, their application as an anti-fibrotic agent, capable of attenuating tissue fibrosis has been investigated by many researchers. Although the majority of the studies addressing the anti-fibrotic effects of stem cells indicated their potent capabilities, the underlying mechanisms, and pathways by which these cells could impact fibrotic processes remain poorly understood. Here, we first, review the properties of various stem cell types utilized so far as anti-fibrotic treatments and discuss the challenges and limitations associated with their applications in clinical settings; then, we will summarize the general and organ-specific mechanisms and pathways contributing to tissue fibrosis; finally, we will describe the mechanisms and pathways considered to be employed by distinct stem cell types for exerting anti-fibrotic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakamura Y, Niho S, Shimizu Y. Cell-Based Therapy for Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases, Current Status, and Potential Applications of iPSC-Derived Cells. Cells 2024; 13:893. [PMID: 38891026 PMCID: PMC11172081 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (FILDs), e.g., due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are chronic progressive diseases with a poor prognosis. The management of these diseases is challenging and focuses mainly on the suppression of progression with anti-fibrotic drugs. Therefore, novel FILD treatments are needed. In recent years, cell-based therapy with various stem cells has been investigated for FILD, and the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely reported and clinical studies are also ongoing. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have also been reported to have an anti-fibrotic effect in FILD; however, these have not been as well studied as MSCs in terms of the mechanisms and side effects. While MSCs show a potent anti-fibrotic effect, the possibility of quality differences between donors and a stable supply in the case of donor shortage or reduced proliferative capacity after cell passaging needs to be considered. The application of iPSC-derived cells has the potential to overcome these problems and may lead to consistent quality of the cell product and stable product supply. This review provides an overview of iPSCs and FILD, followed by the current status of cell-based therapy for FILD, and then discusses the possibilities and perspectives of FILD therapy with iPSC-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.N.)
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu 321-0293, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.N.)
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.N.)
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu 321-0293, Japan
- Respiratory Endoscopy Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu 321-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bayati P, Taherian M, Soleimani M, Farajifard H, Mojtabavi N. Induced pluripotent stem cells modulate the Wnt pathway in the bleomycin-induced model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 38017561 PMCID: PMC10685538 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders and malignancies. Hence, we aimed to assess the potential of the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) in modulating the expression of the cardinal genes of the Wnt pathway in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups of Control, Bleomycin (BLM), and BLM + IPS; the BLM mice received intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, BLM + IPS mice received tail vein injection of IPS cells 48 h post instillation of the BLM; The Control group received Phosphate-buffered saline instead. After 3 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and Histologic assessments including hydroxy proline assay, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson-trichrome staining were performed. The expression of the genes for Wnt, β-Catenin, Lef, Dkk1, and Bmp4 was assessed utilizing specific primers and SYBR green master mix. RESULTS Histologic assessments revealed that the fibrotic lesions and inflammation were significantly alleviated in the BLM + IPS group. Besides, the gene expression analyses demonstrated the upregulation of Wnt, β-Catenin, and LEF along with the significant downregulation of the Bmp4 and DKK1 in response to bleomycin treatment; subsequently, it was found that the treatment of the IPF mice with IPS cells results in the downregulation of the Wnt, β-Catenin, and Lef, as well as upregulation of the Dkk1, but not the Bmp4 gene (P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study highlights the therapeutic potential of the IPS cells on the IPF mouse model in terms of regulating the aberrant expression of the factors contributing to the Wnt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paria Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Taherian
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Farajifard
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen WC, Yu WK, Su VYF, Hsu HS, Yang KY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via Focal Adhesion Kinase Pathway in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15813. [PMID: 37958797 PMCID: PMC10648980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has poor clinical outcomes despite antifibrotic treatment. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the detailed mechanism is unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the regulation of EndoMT in pulmonary fibrosis. The inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome via a caspase-1 inhibitor, Ac-YVAD-cmk (YVAD), was intraperitoneally administered to male C57BL/6 mice (8-12 weeks old) one hour before bleomycin intratracheal injection (1.5 U/kg). Immunohistochemical staining, Masson's trichrome staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were used to assess the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and EndoMT in lung samples from mice. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were used as a model of EndoMT in vitro with YVAD and bleomycin stimulation. We observed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and EndoMT (decreased vascular endothelial cadherin with increased alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin) in the lung samples after bleomycin. However, inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome significantly reduces EndoMT via inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In vitro studies also confirmed these findings. In conclusion, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition could reduce lung inflammation and fibrosis via the regulation of EndoMT by the FAK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (H.-S.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-K.Y.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuang Yu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-K.Y.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Yi-Fong Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-K.Y.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Han-Shui Hsu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (H.-S.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-K.Y.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (H.-S.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-K.Y.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Hou Q, Wang R, Liu Y, Cheng Z. FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso targets extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts and ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2393-2403. [PMID: 37074394 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) occurs in various end stages of lung disease, and it is characterized by persistent scarring of the lung parenchyma with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to degressive quality of life and earlier mortality. FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso (FOXO4-DRI), a synthesis peptide as a specific FOXO4 blocker, selectively induced dissociation of the FOXO4-p53 complex and nuclear exclusion of p53. Simultaneously, the p53 signaling pathway has been reported to activate in fibroblasts isolated from IPF fibrotic lung tissues and the p53 mutants cooperate with other factors that have the ability to disturb the synthesis of ECM. Yet, whether FOXO4-DRI influences the nuclear exclusion of p53 and then obstructs PF progress is still unknown. In this research, we explored the effect of FOXO4-DRI on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF mouse model and activated fibroblasts model. The animal group of FOXO4-DRI therapeutic administration shows a milder pathologic change and less collagen deposition compared with the BLM-induced group. We also found the FOXO4-DRI resets the distribution of intranuclear p53 and concurrently decreased the total ECM proteins content. After further validation, FOXO4-DRI may well be a promising therapeutic approach to treating pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qinhui Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenshun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng W, Fan C, Song Q, Chen P, Peng H, Lin L, Liu C, Wang B, Zhou Z. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapies for organ fibrosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1119606. [PMID: 37274156 PMCID: PMC10232908 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases result in organ remodelling and dysfunctional failure and account for one-third of all deaths worldwide. There are no ideal treatments that can halt or reverse progressive organ fibrosis, moreover, organ transplantation is complicated by problems with a limited supply of donor organs and graft rejection. The development of new approaches, especially induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based therapy, is becoming a hot topic due to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into different cell types that may replace the fibrotic organs. In the past decade, studies have differentiated iPSCs into fibrosis-relevant cell types which were demonstrated to have anti-fibrotic effects that may have the potential to inform new effective precision treatments for organ-specific fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the potential of iPSC-based cellular approaches as therapeutic avenues for treating organ fibrosis, the advantages and disadvantages of iPSCs compared with other types of stem cell-based therapies, as well as the challenges and future outlook in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cellular and Molecular Control of Lipid Metabolism in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Clinical Application of the Lysophosphatidic Acid Pathway. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040548. [PMID: 36831215 PMCID: PMC9954511 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a representative disease that causes fibrosis of the lungs. Its pathogenesis is thought to be characterized by sustained injury to alveolar epithelial cells and the resultant abnormal tissue repair, but it has not been fully elucidated. IPF is currently difficult to cure and is known to follow a chronic progressive course, with the patient's survival period estimated at about three years. The disease occasionally exacerbates acutely, leading to a fatal outcome. In recent years, it has become evident that lipid metabolism is involved in the fibrosis of lungs, and various reports have been made at the cellular level as well as at the organic level. The balance among eicosanoids, sphingolipids, and lipid composition has been reported to be involved in fibrosis, with particularly close attention being paid to a bioactive lipid "lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)" and its pathway. LPA signals are found in a wide variety of cells, including alveolar epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and have been reported to intensify pulmonary fibrosis via LPA receptors. For instance, in alveolar epithelial cells, LPA signals reportedly induce mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to epithelial damage, or induce the transcription of profibrotic cytokines. Based on these mechanisms, LPA receptor inhibitors and the metabolic enzymes involved in LPA formation are now considered targets for developing novel means of IPF treatment. Advances in basic research on the relationships between fibrosis and lipid metabolism are opening the path to new therapies targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
|
8
|
Promises and Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies to Promote Lung Regeneration in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162595. [PMID: 36010671 PMCID: PMC9406501 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is constantly exposed to harmful agents present in the air that we breathe making it highly susceptible to damage. However, in instances of injury to the lung, it exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate injured tissue thanks to the presence of distinct stem and progenitor cell populations along the airway and alveolar epithelium. Mechanisms of repair are affected in chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive life-threatening disorder characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, wherein excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components cause the distortion of tissue architecture that limits lung function and impairs tissue repair. Here, we review the most recent findings of a study of epithelial cells with progenitor behavior that contribute to tissue repair as well as the mechanisms involved in mouse and human lung regeneration. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies to promote or induce lung regeneration and the cell-based strategies tested in clinical trials for the treatment of IPF. Finally, we discuss the challenges, concerns and limitations of applying these therapies of cell transplantation in IPF patients. Further research is still required to develop successful strategies focused on cell-based therapies to promote lung regeneration to restore lung architecture and function.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nintedanib Inhibits Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity Reduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158193. [PMID: 35897764 PMCID: PMC9332002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD). Pulmonary fibroblasts play an important role in the development of IPF. Emerging evidence indicates that pulmonary endothelial cells could be the source of pulmonary fibroblasts through endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), which contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. EndoMT is a complex process in which endothelial cells lose their expression of endothelial markers and give rise to the characteristics of mesenchymal cells, including morphological fibroblast-like change and the expression of mesenchymal markers, which result in cardiac, renal, and dermal fibroses. Furthermore, EndoMT inhibition attenuates pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we demonstrate that nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, ameliorated murine bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and suppressed the in vivo and in vitro models of EndoMT. We demonstrated that the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key EndoMT regulator, increased in murine lung tissues and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells after BLM stimulation. Nintedanib treatment inhibited BLM-induced FAK activation and thus suppressed both in vivo and in vitro BLM-induced EndoMT. Importantly, we found that the VEGF/FAK signaling pathway was involved in nintedanib regulating EndoMT. These novel findings help us understand the mechanism and signaling pathway of EndoMT to further develop more efficacious drugs for IPF treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Filidou E, Kandilogiannakis L, Tarapatzi G, Su C, Po ENF, Paspaliaris V, Kolios G. Conditioned medium from a human adipose-derived stem cell line ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis in a lung experimental model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Life Sci 2021; 287:120123. [PMID: 34748761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive parenchymal lung disease that results in fibrogenesis and the conditioned medium from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-ADSCs) has been shown to be efficacious in pulmonary fibrosis animal models. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of CM-ADSCs on lung inflammation and fibrosis in a Bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. CM-ADSCs safety and toxicity were evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats and no adverse effects were observed. Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were employed in the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model and were divided into four groups: Group 1 (Sham): animals were kept without BLM and treatment, Group 2 (Control): BLM with vehicle DMEM, Group 3: 10 μg/kg CM-ADSCs and Group 4: 100 μg/kg CM-ADSCs. Body weight, fibrosis and inflammation histological analyses, mRNA and protein pro-inflammatory cytokine, and total hydroxyproline content calculation were performed in all groups upon sacrifice. The 100 μg/kg CM-ADSCs showed a significant increase in mean body weight compared to Controls. CM-ADSCs doses resulted in the amelioration of fibrosis, as seen by Masson's Trichrome-staining, Ashcroft scoring, and Sirius red-staining. Compared to Controls, inflammation was also significantly reduced in CM-ADSCs-treated mice, with reduced F4/80 macrophage antigen staining, TNF-α mRNA and IL-6 and IL-10 protein levels. Total hydroxyproline content was found significantly reduced in both groups of CM-ADSCs-treated mice. Overall, our study shows that the CM-ADSCs is safe and efficient against pulmonary fibrosis, as it significantly reduced inflammation and fibrosis, with the larger dose of 100 μg/kg CM-ADSCs being the most efficient one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Filidou
- Lab of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Gesthimani Tarapatzi
- Lab of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Colin Su
- Tithon Biotech Inc, San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | | | | | - George Kolios
- Lab of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wann SR, Chi PL, Huang WC, Cheng CC, Chang YT. Combination therapy of iPSC-derived conditioned medium with ceftriaxone alleviates bacteria-induced lung injury by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1299-1314. [PMID: 34612516 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The lung is the first and most frequent organ to fail among sepsis patients. The mortality rate of sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) is high. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, no treatment strategies are available for sepsis-induced ALI. Stem cell-mediated paracrine signaling is a potential treatment method for various diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) combined with antibiotics on ALI in a rat model of Escherichia coli-induced sepsis. Rats were administered either iPSC-CM or the vehicle (saline) with antibiotics (ceftriaxone). After 72 h, liquid biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and tissues were harvested for analysis. Survival rates were observed for up to 3 days. Furthermore, we examined the effects of iPSC-CM on cytokine production, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression, and NLRP3-ASC interaction in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ (LPS/IFN-γ). Combined treatment of iPSC-CM with antibiotics significantly improved survival in E. coli-infected rats (p = 0.0006). iPSC-CM ameliorated E. coli-induced infiltration of macrophages, reducing the number of cells in BALF, and suppressing interleukin (IL)-1β, MIP-2, IL-6, and MMP-9 messenger RNA in lung sections. iPSC-CM treatment attenuated NLRP3 expression and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by disrupting NLRP3-mediated ASC complex formation in LPS/IFN-γ-primed RAW264.7 cells. This study reveals the mechanisms underlying iPSC-CM-conferred anti-inflammatory activity in ALI through the attenuation of macrophage recruitment to the lung, thus inactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages. iPSC-CM therapy may be a useful adjuvant treatment to reduce sepsis-related mortality by ameliorating ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shue-Ren Wann
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Pintung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Te Chang
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Departement of Nursing, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopez-Rodriguez E, Gay-Jordi G, Knudsen L, Ochs M, Serrano-Mollar A. Improved Alveolar Dynamics and Structure After Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Transplantation in Bleomycin Induced Lung Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:640020. [PMID: 33681265 PMCID: PMC7925848 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.640020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively and ultimately fatal lung disease. Previously it has been shown that intratracheal administration of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AE2C) in the animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is able to reverse fibrosis and restore surfactant protein levels. However, to date, it has not been evaluated whether these changes involve any improvement in alveolar dynamics. Consequently, the aim of the present work was to study lung physiology after AE2C transplantation at different time points during the development of injury and fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (4U/kg) in rat lungs. The animals were transplanted with AE2C (2.5 × 106 cells/animal) 3 or 7 days after bleomycin instillation. Assessments were done at day 7 and 14 after the induction of fibrosis to plot time dependent changes in lung physiology and mechanics. To assess the pressures and rates at which closed alveoli reopens invasive pulmonary tests using a small-animal mechanical ventilator (Flexivent®, Scireq, Canada) including de-recruitability tests and forced oscillation technique as well as quasi-static pressure volume loops were performed. Afterwards lungs were fixed by vascular perfusion and subjected to design-based stereological evaluation at light and electron microscopy level. AE2C delivered during the lung injury phase (3 days) of the disease are only able to slightly recover the volume of AE2C and volume fraction of LB in AE2C. However, it did not show either positive effects regarding ventilated alveolar surface nor any increase of lung compliance. On the other hand, when AE2C are delivered at the beginning of the fibrotic phase (7 days after bleomycin instillation), an increased ventilated alveolar surface to control levels and reduced septal wall thickness can be observed. Moreover, transplanted animals showed better lung performance, with increased inspiratory capacity and compliance. In addition, a detailed analysis of surfactant active forms [mainly tubular myelin, lamellar body (LB)-like structures and multilamellar vesicles (MLV)], showed an effective recovery during the pro-fibrotic phase due to the healthy AE2C transplantation. In conclusion, AE2C transplantation during fibrogenic phases of the disease improves lung performance, structure and surfactant ultrastructure in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gemma Gay-Jordi
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Interactome Analysis of iPSC Secretome and Its Effect on Macrophages In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020958. [PMID: 33478018 PMCID: PMC7835982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages play essential role in repair, regeneration and tissue remodeling. Role of macrophages in progression of lung fibrosis is established. Secretome of Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM) has shown to reduce lung fibrosis and regulate macrophage phenotype, however exact mechanism is not known. Using advanced bioinformatics analysis by gene network analysis in this study we identified two components AAP and ELAVL-1 present in the iPSC-CM playing important role in regulation of macrophage phenotype. In this invitro study we confirmed experimentally that AAP and ELAVL1 play essential role by changing the profibrotic phenotype of the macrophages to pro resolution macrophages. We demonstrate reduction in gene expression and cytokine secretion of profibrotic macrophages after iPSC-CM treatment. Our study confirms antifibrotic and regenerative potential of iPSC-CM. Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cell secretome (iPSC-CM) mitigate organ injury and help in repair. Macrophages play a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration and can be directed to promote tissue repair by iPSC-CM, although the exact mechanisms are not known. In the current investigative study, we evaluated the possible mechanism by which iPSC-CM regulates the phenotype and secretory pattern of macrophages in vitro. Macrophages were obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and differentiated to various subpopulations and treated with either iPSC-CM or control media in vitro. Macrophage phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry, gene expression changes by qRT PCR and secretory pattern by multiplex protein analysis. The protein and gene interaction network revealed the involvement of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and ELAV-like protein 1 (ELAVL-1) both present in the iPSC-CM to play an important role in regulating the macrophage phenotype and their secretory pattern. This exploratory study reveals, in part, the possible mechanism and identifies two potential targets by which iPSC-CM regulate macrophages and help in repair and regeneration.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dane DM, Cao K, Zhang YA, H Kernstine K, Gazdhar A, Geiser T, Hsia CCW. Inhalational delivery of induced pluripotent stem cell secretome improves postpneumonectomy lung structure and function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1051-1061. [PMID: 32909918 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00205.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free secretory products (secretome) of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to attenuate tissue injury and facilitate repair and recovery. To examine whether iPSC secretome facilitates mechanically induced compensatory responses following unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX), litter-matched young adult female hounds underwent right PNX (removing 55%-58% of lung units), followed by inhalational delivery of either the nebulized-conditioned media containing induced pluripotent stem cell secretome (iPSC CM) or control cell-free media (CFM); inhalation was repeated every 5 days for 10 treatments. Lung function was measured under anesthesia pre-PNX and 10 days after the last treatment (8 wk post-PNX); detailed quantitative analysis of lung ultrastructure was performed postmortem. Pre-PNX lung function was similar between groups. Compared with CFM control, treatment with iPSC CM attenuated the post-PNX decline in lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and membrane diffusing capacity, accompanied by a 24% larger postmortem lobar volume and distal air spaces. Alveolar double-capillary profiles were 39% more prevalent consistent with enhanced intussusceptive angiogenesis. Frequency distribution of the harmonic mean thickness of alveolar blood-gas barrier shifted toward the lowest values, whereas alveolar septal tissue volume and arithmetic septal thickness were similar, indicating septal remodeling and reduced diffusive resistance of the blood-gas barrier. Thus, repetitive inhalational delivery of iPSC secretome enhanced post-PNX alveolar angiogenesis and septal remodeling that are associated with improved gas exchange compensation. Results highlight the plasticity of the remaining lung units following major loss of lung mass that are responsive to broad-based modulation provided by the iPSC secretome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To examine whether the secreted products of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) facilitate innate adaptive responses following loss of lung tissue, adult dogs underwent surgical removal of one lung, then received repeated administration of iPSC secretory products via inhalational delivery compared with control treatment. Inhalation of iPSC secretory products enhanced capillary formation and beneficial structural remodeling in the remaining lung, leading to improved lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Merrill Dane
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Khoa Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kemp H Kernstine
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen WC, Chen NJ, Chen HP, Yu WK, Su VYF, Chen H, Wu HH, Yang KY. Nintedanib Reduces Neutrophil Chemotaxis via Activating GRK2 in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134735. [PMID: 32630825 PMCID: PMC7370174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are involved in the alveolitis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, their pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. Nintedanib has antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity in IPF. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of nintedanib on neutrophil chemotaxis in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib was administered via oral gavage to male C57BL/6 mice 24 h after a bleomycin intratracheal injection (1.5 U/kg). Lung histopathological findings, the expression of cytokines, and the regulatory signaling pathways of neutrophil chemotaxis were analyzed. The effect of nintedanib was also investigated in a mouse model with adoptive neutrophil transfer in vivo. Nintedanib significantly decreased the histopathological changes and neutrophil recruitment in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib mediated a downregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) expression, as well as an upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) activity in peripheral blood neutrophils in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib also decreased the activation of endothelial cells by the decreased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). The effect of nintedanib on regulating neutrophil chemotaxis was also confirmed by a mouse model with adoptive neutrophil transfer in vivo. In conclusion, nintedanib reduces neutrophil chemotaxis and endothelial cell activation to regulate the severity of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. These effects are associated with an enhancement of GRK2 activity and a reduction in CXCR2 and VLA-4 expression on neutrophils and a decrease in VCAM-1 expression on endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (W.-K.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-H.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-P.C.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pai Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-P.C.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuang Yu
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (W.-K.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-H.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-P.C.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Yi-Fong Su
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-P.C.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (W.-K.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-H.W.)
| | - Huai-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (W.-K.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-H.W.)
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (W.-K.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-H.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-P.C.); (V.Y.-F.S.)
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7455; Fax: +886-2-2875-7610
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alvarez-Palomo B, Sanchez-Lopez LI, Moodley Y, Edel MJ, Serrano-Mollar A. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung alveolar epithelial type II cells reduce damage in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32493487 PMCID: PMC7268474 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and severe disease with a limited response to currently available therapies. Epithelial cell injury and failure of appropriate healing or regeneration are central to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether intratracheal transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can stop and reverse the fibrotic process in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Methods Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells and characterized. Lung fibrosis was induced in rats by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Animals were transplanted with human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells at a dose of 3 × 106 cells/animal 15 days after endotracheal bleomycin instillation when the animal lungs were already fibrotic. Animals were sacrificed 21 days after the induction of lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was assessed by hydroxiprolin content, histologic studies, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin. Results Cell transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can significantly reduce pulmonary fibrosis and improve lung alveolar structure, once fibrosis has already formed. This is associated with the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin in the damaged rat lung tissue. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first data to demonstrate that at the fibrotic stage of the disease, intratracheal transplantation of human induced pluripotent differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells halts and reverses fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Alvarez-Palomo
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ignacio Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael J Edel
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu Q, El-Hashash AHK. Cell-based therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 31559309 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an example of interstitial lung diseases that is characterized by chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung injuries. During lung fibrosis, normal healthy lung tissues are replaced by remarkably destroyed alveolar architecture and altered extracellular cell matrix. These changes eventually cause severe disruption of the tightly-controlled gas exchange process and reduction of lung compliance that ultimately lead to both respiratory failure and death. In the last decade, progress has been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and two novel disease-modifying therapies were approved. However, finding more effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis is still a challenge, with its incidence continues to increase globally, which is associated with significantly high mortality, morbidity and economical healthcare burden. Different stem cell types have recently emerged as a promising therapy for human diseases, including lung fibrosis, with numerous studies on the identification, characterization, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. A large body of both basic and pre-clinical research on stem cells has been recently translated to patient care worldwide. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of IPF, and types of cells used in IPF cell-based therapies, including alveolar and mixed lung epithelial cells, different stem cell types (MSCs, ADSCs, IPSCs…etc.), endogenous lung tissue-specific stem cells, and circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs). We also discuss recent studies on the applications of these cells in IPF therapy and their delivery routes, effective doses for cell therapy, and timing of delivery. Finally, we discuss attractive recent and current clinical trials conducted on cell-based therapy for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China.,Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed H K El-Hashash
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China.,Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo X, Gu X, Hareshwaree S, Rong X, Li L, Chu M. Induced pluripotent stem cell-conditional medium inhibits H9C2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis via autophagy flux and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4358-4374. [PMID: 30957422 PMCID: PMC6533467 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived conditioned medium (iPS‐CM) could improve cell viability in many types of cells and may be a better alternative for the treatment of myocardial infarction. This study aimed to examine the influence of iPS‐CM on anti‐apoptosis and the proliferation of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and investigate the underlying mechanisms. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours with or without pre‐treatment with iPS‐CM. The ratio of apoptotic cells, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species were analysed by flow cytometric analysis. The expression levels of BCL‐2 and BAX proteins were analysed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell cycle and EdU staining assays. To study cell senescence, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining was conducted. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were also quantified using commercially available enzymatic kits. The results showed that iPS‐CM containing basic fibroblast growth factor significantly reduced H2O2‐induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the autophagy flux pathway, promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by up‐regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and inhibited oxidative stress and cell senescence. In conclusion, iPS‐CM effectively enhanced the cell viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and could potentially be used to inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis to treat myocardial infarction in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Guo
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sohun Hareshwaree
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tamò L, Simillion C, Hibaoui Y, Feki A, Gugger M, Prasse A, Jäger B, Goldmann T, Geiser T, Gazdhar A. Gene Network Analysis of Interstitial Macrophages After Treatment with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Secretome (iPSC-cm) in the Bleomycin Injured Rat Lung. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:412-424. [PMID: 29256173 PMCID: PMC5960485 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease involving various cell types. Macrophages are essential in maintenance of physiological homeostasis, wound repair and fibrosis in the lung. Macrophages play a crucial role in repair and remodeling by altering their phenotype and secretory pattern in response to injury. The secretome of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-cm) attenuates injury and fibrosis in bleomycin injured rat lungs. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of iPSC-cm on gene expression and phenotype of interstitial macrophage in bleomycin injured rat lungs in vivo. iPSC-cm was intratracheally instilled 7 days after bleomycin induced lung injury and assessed 7 days later and single cell isolation was performed. Macrophages were FACS sorted and microarray analysis was performed. We characterized changes in the rat lung interstitial macrophages using transcriptional profiling. iPSC-cm reduced the total collagen content of the lung and reduced different macrophage populations. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed involvement of three essential pathways (a) immune modulation, (b) branching morphogenesis and (c) canonical Wnt signaling. This study demonstrates that iPSC-cm reduces fibrosis in bleomycin injured rat lung by partially altering the macrophages and regulating their gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tamò
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Simillion
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Hibaoui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Geneva, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anis Feki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Antje Prasse
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Pneumology, Hanover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Jäger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nejad-Moghaddam A, Tahmasbpour E, Sohrabiyan M, Jafari H, Ghanei M. Stem cells therapy: a review on approaches that can be used for treatment of respiratory failures in sulfur mustard-injured patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:359-367. [PMID: 30488735 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1510961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic agent which causes severe abnormalities in an airway system such as necrosis and inflammation, oxidative stress, chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although possible mechanisms of SM toxicity have been extensively considered, there is still need to find an appropriate clinical treatment to decrease chronic lung injuries caused by SM. Due to extensive progresses and achievement in tissue repairing through stem cells therapy, the importance of cell therapy for the treatment of lung injuries has been increased. However, several factors such as types of stem cells, necessary conditions for growth and proliferation of stem cells, and their homing into the target tissues are considered as the most important problems in this issue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of multipotent stem cells with proliferative and self-renewal capacity which are able to differentiate into different cell lines such as lung epithelial cells. They have a potential repairing and immune modulatory properties which make them as a good candidate for the regeneration of bronchioles tract in SM-exposed patients. Unlike chemical drugs, the differentiation and high-level safety properties of MSCs can be considered as a new strategy for the treatment of SM-injured patients with pulmonary complications. This review aims to consider the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the treatment of SM-induced pulmonary injuries in both animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nejad-Moghaddam
- a Marine Medicine Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- b Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Milad Sohrabiyan
- c Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hosein Jafari
- a Marine Medicine Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- c Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Serrano-Mollar A. Cell Therapy in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis †. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6030064. [PMID: 30104544 PMCID: PMC6164035 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal disease with no effective or curative treatment options. In recent decades, cell-based therapies using stem cells or lung progenitor cells to regenerate lung tissue have experienced rapid growth in both preclinical animal models and translational clinical studies. In this review, the current knowledge of these cell therapies is summarized. Although further investigations are required, these studies indicate that cell therapies are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Rosselló, 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gazdhar A, Ravikumar P, Pastor J, Heller M, Ye J, Zhang J, Moe OW, Geiser T, Hsia CCW. Alpha-Klotho Enrichment in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Secretome Contributes to Antioxidative Protection in Acute Lung Injury. Stem Cells 2017; 36:616-625. [PMID: 29226550 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been reported to alleviate organ injury, although the mechanisms of action remain unclear and administration of intact cells faces many limitations. We hypothesized that cell-free conditioned media (CM) containing the secretome of iPSCs possess antioxidative constituents that can alleviate pulmonary oxidant stress damage. We derived iPSCs from human dermal fibroblasts and harvested the CM. Addition of iPSC CM to cultured human alveolar type-1 epithelial cells mitigated hyperoxia-induced depletion of endogenous total antioxidant capacity while tracheal instillation of iPSC CM into adult rat lungs enhanced hyperoxia-induced increase in TAC. In both the in vitro and in vivo models, iPSC CM ameliorated oxidative damage to DNA, lipid, and protein, and activated the nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) network of endogenous antioxidant proteins. Compared with control fibroblast-conditioned or cell-free media, iPSC CM is highly enriched with αKlotho at a concentration up to more than 10-fold of that in normal serum. αKlotho is an essential antioxidative cell maintenance and protective factor and an activator of the Nrf2 network. Immunodepletion of αKlotho reduced iPSC CM-mediated cytoprotection by ∼50%. Thus, the abundant αKlotho content significantly contributes to iPSC-mediated antioxidation and cytoprotection. Results uncover a major mechanism of iPSC action, suggest a fundamental role of αKlotho in iPSC maintenance, and support the translational potential of airway delivery of cell-free iPSC secretome for protection against lung injury. The targeted cell-free secretome-based approach may also be applicable to the amelioration of injury in other organs. Stem Cells 2018;36:616-625.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Priya Ravikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Johanne Pastor
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shafa M, Ionescu LI, Vadivel A, Collins JJP, Xu L, Zhong S, Kang M, de Caen G, Daneshmand M, Shi J, Fu KZ, Qi A, Wang Y, Ellis J, Stanford WL, Thébaud B. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitor and alveolar epithelial cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:108-125. [PMID: 29056548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease characterized by disrupted lung growth, is the most common complication in extreme premature infants. BPD leads to persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), a subset of which represent distal lung progenitor cells (LPCs), promote normal lung growth and repair. AEC2 depletion may contribute to persistent lung injury in BPD. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AECs prevent lung damage in experimental oxygen-induced BPD. METHODS Mouse AECs (mAECs), miPSCs/mouse embryonic stem sells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs), human (h)iPSCs, hiPSC-derived LPCs and hiPSC-derived AECs were delivered intratracheally to hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Cells were pre-labeled with a red fluorescent dye for in vivo tracking. RESULTS Airway delivery of primary mAECs and undifferentiated murine pluripotent cells prevented hyperoxia-induced impairment in lung function and alveolar growth in neonatal mice. Similar to hUCMSC therapy, undifferentiated hiPSCs also preserved lung function and alveolar growth in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal NOD/SCID mice. Long-term assessment of hiPSC administration revealed local teratoma formation and cellular infiltration in various organs. To develop a clinically relevant cell therapy, we used a highly efficient method to differentiate hiPSCs into a homogenous population of AEC2s. Airway delivery of hiPSC-derived AEC2s and hiPSC-derived LPCs, improved lung function and structure and resulted in long-term engraftment without evidence of tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS hiPSC-derived AEC2 therapy appears effective and safe in this model and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic option for BPD and other lung diseases characterized by AEC injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafa
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Arul Vadivel
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liqun Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève de Caen
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Katherine Z Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew Qi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Tan M, Zheng R, Zhao L, Zhang X. Induced pluripotent stem cell-conditioned medium suppresses pulmonary fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation via the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:473-484. [PMID: 29115383 PMCID: PMC5746308 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies based on stem cells have been shown to have potential in improving the condition of severe lung diseases. In this study, the suppressive effects of conditioned medium (CM) of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) on pulmonary fibroblast differentiation were investigated in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms through which iPSC-CM inhibited the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts were explored as well. iPSCs were generated using a mouse 3-gene transfection method, myofibroblast-like cells were induced by incubating human fibroblasts with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) were established by an injection of bleomycin. Based on these experiments, the effects of iPSC-CM on collagen accumulation, lung structure and the TGF-β1-mediated pathway were determined. It was found that treatment with iPSC-CM markedly reduced the proliferation of TGF-β1-exposed cells, and the activities of TGF-β1, Smad-2 and Smad-3. Accompanied by alterations in the expression of the indicated molecules, the lung structure of mice with PF was also markedly ameliorated. The present study confirmed the protective effects of iPSC-CM on lung tissue against PF, and it was also inferred that the ameliorating function of iPSC-CM on PF may be exerted through the blocking of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Mingqi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Y, He Z, Gao Y, Zheng R, Zhang X, Zhao L, Tan M. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Inhibit Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice through Suppressing TGF-β1/Smad-Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:430. [PMID: 27895584 PMCID: PMC5108931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and irreversible fibrotic lung disorder with high mortality and few treatment options. Recently, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been considered as an ideal resource for stem cell-based therapy. Although, an earlier study demonstrated the therapeutic effect of iPS cells on pulmonary fibrosis, the exact mechanisms remain obscure. The present study investigated the effects of iPS cells on inflammatory responses, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling pathway, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (5 mg/kg) was performed to induce pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Then, iPS cells (c-Myc-free) were administrated intravenously at 24 h following BLM instillation. Three weeks after BLM administration, pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated. As expected, treatment with iPS cells significantly limited the pathological changes, edema, and collagen deposition in lung tissues of BLM-induced mice. Mechanically, treatment with iPS cells obviously repressed the expression ratios of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) to its tissue inhibitor -2 (TIMP-2) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in BLM-induced pulmonary tissues. In addition, iPS cell administration remarkably suppressed BLM-induced up-regulation of pulmonary inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. We further demonstrated that transplantation of iPS cells markedly inhibited BLM-mediated activation of TGF-β1/Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (Smad2/3) and EMT in lung tissues through up-regulating epithelial marker E-cadherin and down-regulating mesenchymal markers including fibronectin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. Moreover, in vitro, iPS cell-conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) profoundly inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT signaling pathway in mouse alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII). Collectively, our results suggest that transplantation of iPS cells could suppress inflammatory responses, TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway and EMT during the progression of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, providing new useful clues regarding the mechanisms of iPS cells in the treatment for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Mingqi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Induced pluripotent stem cells alleviate lung injury from mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 79:592-601. [PMID: 26402533 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious pathophysiologic process that can trigger the development of multiorgan dysfunction. Acute lung injury is a major cause of death among mesenteric I/R patients, as current treatments remain inadequate. Stem cell-based therapies are considered novel strategies for treating several devastating and incurable diseases. This study examined whether induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lacking c-myc (i.e., induced using only the three genes oct4, sox2, and klf4) can protect against acute lung injury in a mesenteric I/R mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups: sham/no treatment, vehicle treatment with phosphate-buffered saline, treatment with iPSCs, and treatment with iPSC-conditioned medium. The mice were subjected to mesenteric ischemia for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. After I/R, the lungs and the ileum of the mice were harvested. Lung injury was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and analyses of the levels of inflammatory cytokines, cleaved caspase 3, and 4-hydroxynonenal. RESULTS The intravenously delivered iPSCs engrafted to the lungs and the ileum in response to mesenteric I/R injury. Compared with the phosphate-buffered saline-treated group, the iPSC-treated group displayed a decreased intensity of acute lung injury 24 hours after mesenteric I/R. iPSC transplantation significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic factors in injured lung tissue and remarkably enhanced endogenous alveolar cell proliferation. iPSC-conditioned medium treatment exerted a partial effect compared with iPSC treatment. CONCLUSION When considering the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties of iPSCs, the transplantation of iPSCs may represent an effective treatment option for mesenteric I/R-induced acute lung injury.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghadiri M, Young PM, Traini D. Cell-based therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:375-87. [PMID: 26593230 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, cell-based therapies have shown great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. It has been proposed that the administration of cells into an injured lung could be considered as a therapeutic method to repair and replace lost lung tissue. Using this method, transplanted cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into alveolar cells, have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for IPF treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest investigations using various types of cells for IPF therapy have been presented. The cells studied for cell-based therapies in IPF are lung alveolar epithelial cells, lung resident stem cells and exogenous adult stem cells such as MSCs. EXPERT OPINION After many years of investigation, the use of cell-based therapies to treat IPF is still at the experimental phase. Problems include bioethical issues, safety of cell transplantation, routes of delivery and the dose and timing of administration. Further investigations are necessary to establish the best strategy for using cell-based therapies effectively for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ghadiri
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Srour N, Thébaud B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Animal Bleomycin Pulmonary Fibrosis Models: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1500-10. [PMID: 26494779 PMCID: PMC4675510 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an inexorably progressive lung disease with few available treatments. New therapeutic options are needed. Stem cells have generated much enthusiasm for the treatment of several conditions, including lung diseases. Human trials of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for pulmonary fibrosis are under way. To shed light on the potential usefulness of MSCs for human disease, we aimed to systematically review the preclinical literature to determine if MSCs are beneficial in animal bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. The MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for original studies of stem cell therapy in animal bleomycin models of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells were excluded. Seventeen studies were selected, all of which used MSCs in rodents. MSC therapy led to an improvement in bleomycin-induced lung collagen deposition in animal lungs and in the pulmonary fibrosis Ashcroft score in most studies. MSC therapy improved histopathology in almost all studies in which it was evaluated qualitatively. Furthermore, MSC therapy was found to improve 14-day survival in animals with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage total and neutrophil counts, as well as transforming growth factor-β levels, were also reduced by MSCs. MSCs are beneficial in rodent bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. Since most studies examined the initial inflammatory phase rather than the chronic fibrotic phase, preclinical data offer better support for human trials of MSCs in acute exacerbations of pulmonary fibrosis rather than the chronic phase of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE There has been increased interest in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for lung diseases. A few small clinical trials are under way in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Preclinical evidence was assessed in a systematic review, as is often done for clinical studies. The existing studies offer better support for efficacy in the initial inflammatory phase rather than the fibrotic phase that human trials are targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Srour
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Mount Sinai Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tarng DC, Tseng WC, Lee PY, Chiou SH, Hsieh SL. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury by Downregulating the Oxidative Stress-Related Pathway in Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:517-30. [PMID: 26132529 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Teratoma-like formation addresses a critical safety concern for the potential utility of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Therefore, therapy utilizing iPSC-derived conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) for acute kidney injury (AKI) has attracted substantial interest. A recent study showed that iPSC-CM effectively alleviated ventilator-induced lung injury in rats. It prompts us to assess the therapeutic effects of iPSC-CM on ischemic AKI. First, we assessed the changes in renal function and tubular cell apoptosis by intraperitoneal administration of iPSC-CM to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats. Second, we explored the oxidative stress-related pathway in the apoptosis of renal tubular cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). Administration of iPSC-CM significantly improved renal function and protected tubular cells against apoptosis in rats with I/R-AKI, and the optimal effect was observed at the 50-fold concentrated iPSC-CM. iPSC-CM also mitigated the H/R-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was augmented in kidneys following I/R and in NRK-52E cells subjected to H/R. Meanwhile, expressions of phosphorylated p38 MAPK, TNF-α, and cleaved caspase 3 and NF-κB activity were consistently increased in vivo and in vitro. Following administration of iPSC-CM, ROS production was abolished, and inflammatory cytokine expression was significantly suppressed. Annexin V-propidium iodide flow cytometry and in situ TUNEL assay further showed that iPSC-CM markedly attenuated H/R- or I/R-induced tubular cell apoptosis. Intriguingly, treatment with iPSC-CM significantly improved the survival of rats with I/R-induced AKI. iPSC-CM represents a favorable source of stem cell-based therapy and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for kidney repair in ischemic AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Der-Cherng Tarng
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Golec M, Lemieszek MK, Skórska C, Sitkowska J, Zwoliński J, Mackiewicz B, Góra-Florek A, Milanowski J, Dutkiewicz J. Cathelicidin related antimicrobial peptide, laminin, Toll-like receptors and chemokines levels in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:130-5. [PMID: 25834936 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by unresolved inflammation and tissue repair pathologies triggered by repeated organic dust exposure. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in levels of the cathelicidin related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), laminin (LAM-A1), selected Toll-like receptors (TLR) and chemokines in experimental HP in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three and 18-month-old female C57BL/6J mice underwent inhalations of the saline extract of Pantoea agglomerans cells, Gram-negative bacterium common in organic dust and known for its pathogenic impact. The inhalations were repeated daily (28 days). ELISA was used for measuring in lung tissue homogenates concentration of CRAMP, LAM-A1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, CXCL9 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand) and CXCL10. RESULTS Levels of TLR2, TLR4 and CXCL9 were significantly higher in both young and old mice lungs already after 7 days of inhalations, while significant increase of LAM-A1 and CXCL10 was noted after 28 days, compared to untreated samples. TLR8 level was significantly augmented only in young mice. Only CRAMP level significantly declined. Significantly higher TLR8 and CXCL9 concentration in untreated samples were noted in old animals compared to young ones. CONCLUSION Significant alterations of the examined factors levels indicate their role in HP pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Golec
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - M K Lemieszek
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - C Skórska
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Sitkowska
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Zwoliński
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - B Mackiewicz
- Department of pneumonology, oncology and allergology, medical university of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Góra-Florek
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Milanowski
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of pneumonology, oncology and allergology, medical university of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Dutkiewicz
- Unit of fibroproliferative diseases, institute of rural health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gazdhar A, Grad I, Tamò L, Gugger M, Feki A, Geiser T. The secretome of induced pluripotent stem cells reduces lung fibrosis in part by hepatocyte growth factor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:123. [PMID: 25384638 PMCID: PMC4445988 DOI: 10.1186/scrt513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible fibrotic lung disease, resulting in respiratory insufficiency and reduced survival. Pulmonary fibrosis is a result of repeated alveolar epithelial microinjuries, followed by abnormal regeneration and repair processes in the lung. Recently, stem cells and their secretome have been investigated as a novel therapeutic approach in pulmonary fibrosis. We evaluated the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) conditioned media (iPSC-cm) to regenerate and repair the alveolar epithelium in vitro and improve bleomycin induced lung injury in vivo. Methods IPSC-cm was collected from cultured iPSC derived from human foreskin fibroblasts and its biological effects on alveolar epithelial wound repair was studied in an alveolar wound healing assay in vitro. Furthermore, iPSC-cm was intratracheally instilled 7 days after bleomycin induced injury in the rat lungs and histologically and biochemically assessed 7 days after instillation. Results iPSC-cm increased alveolar epithelial wound repair in vitro compared with medium control. Intratracheal instillation of iPSC-cm in bleomycin-injured lungs reduced the collagen content and improved lung fibrosis in the rat lung in vivo. Profibrotic TGFbeta1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma) expression were markedly reduced in the iPSC-cm treated group compared with control. Antifibrotic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was detected in iPSC-cm in biologically relevant levels, and specific inhibition of HGF in iPSC-cm attenuated the antifibrotic effect of iPSC-cm, indicating a central role of HGF in iPSC-cm. Conclusion iPSC-cm increased alveolar epithelial wound repair in vitro and attenuated bleomycin induced fibrosis in vivo, partially due to the presence of HGF and may represent a promising novel, cell free therapeutic option against lung injury and fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt513) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
33
|
A system biology study of BALF from patients affected by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and healthy controls. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:932-50. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
34
|
Zhang Y, Deng C, Qian J, Zhang M, Li X. Improvement of radiotherapy-induced lacrimal gland injury by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived conditioned medium via MDK and inhibition of the p38/JNK pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18407-21. [PMID: 25314301 PMCID: PMC4227222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is the most widely used and effective treatment for orbital tumors, but it causes dry eye due to lacrimal gland damage. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) has been shown to rescue different types of tissue damage. The present study investigated the mechanism of the potential radioprotective effect of IPS cell-derived conditioned medium (iPSC-CM) on gamma-irradiation-induced lacrimal gland injury (RILI) in experimental mice. In this study, we found that iPSC-CM ameliorated RILI. iPSC-CM markedly decreased radiotherapy induced inflammatory processes, predominantly through suppressing p38/JNK signaling. Further signaling pathway analyses indicated that iPSC-CM could suppress Akt (Protein Kinase B, PKB) phosphorylation. High levels of midkine (MDK) were also found in iPSC-CM and could be involved in lacrimal gland regeneration by promoting cell migration and proliferation. Thus, our study indicates that inhibiting the p38/JNK pathway or increasing the MDK level might be a therapeutic target for radiation-induced lacrimal gland injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Chenliang Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Mingui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wagnerova A, Gardlik R. In vivo reprogramming in inflammatory bowel disease. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1111-8. [PMID: 24025994 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The direct reprogramming of somatic cells has immense implications in various areas of medicine. Although remarkable progress has been made in developing novel reprogramming methods, the efficiency and fidelity of reprogramming still need to be improved. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex etiology caused by various genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Recently, the role of stem cells has been proposed in pathogenesis and therapy of IBD. However, the efficiency and the safety of the stem cell treatments depend on the origin of the stem cell and the administration method. We hypothesize that the reprogramming of the intestinal cells into a pluripotent state is of huge importance for IBD therapy and prevention. The vectors carrying reprogramming genes encoding pluripotency factors can be transferred to the damaged tissue, in this case the intestine, by means of invasive bacterial vectors able to colonize colon mucosa. Reconstruction of tissues in vivo might avoid problems encountered in tissue rebuilding in vitro because of lack of appropriate scaffolds and microenvironments. Herein we present a review of recent literature and a perspective of in vivo reprogramming in IBD using bacterial vectors and analyze the rationale for such approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wagnerova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
What’s New in Shock? March 2013. Shock 2013; 39:227-8. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3182898e05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|