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Sukocheva OA, Neganova ME, Aleksandrova Y, Burcher JT, Chugunova E, Fan R, Tse E, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Liu J. Signaling controversy and future therapeutical perspectives of targeting sphingolipid network in cancer immune editing and resistance to tumor necrosis factor-α immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:251. [PMID: 38698424 PMCID: PMC11064425 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immune surveillance and immunotherapies trigger activation of cytotoxic cytokine signaling, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α may be secreted by stromal cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and by cancer cells, indicating a prominent role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, tumors manage to adapt, escape immune surveillance, and ultimately develop resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TNF-α. The mechanisms by which cancer cells evade host immunity is a central topic of current cancer research. Resistance to TNF-α is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms, such as mutation or downregulation of TNF/TRAIL receptors, as well as activation of anti-apoptotic enzymes and transcription factors. TNF-α signaling is also mediated by sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), which are responsible for synthesis of the growth-stimulating phospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of S1P and its transmembrane receptors (S1PR) in both the regulation of inflammatory responses and progression of cancer. Considering that the SphK/S1P/S1PR axis mediates cancer resistance, this sphingolipid signaling pathway is of mechanistic significance when considering immunotherapy-resistant malignancies. However, the exact mechanism by which sphingolipids contribute to the evasion of immune surveillance and abrogation of TNF-α-induced apoptosis remains largely unclear. This study reviews mechanisms of TNF-α-resistance in cancer cells, with emphasis on the pro-survival and immunomodulatory effects of sphingolipids. Inhibition of SphK/S1P-linked pro-survival branch may facilitate reactivation of the pro-apoptotic TNF superfamily effects, although the role of SphK/S1P inhibitors in the regulation of the TME and lymphocyte trafficking should be thoroughly assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Elena Chugunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Venkatesh K, Glenn H, Delaney A, Andersen CR, Sasson SC. Fire in the belly: A scoping review of the immunopathological mechanisms of acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1077414. [PMID: 36713404 PMCID: PMC9874226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1077414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterised by an inflammatory response that in its most severe form can cause a systemic dysregulated immune response and progression to acute multi-organ dysfunction. The pathobiology of the disease is unclear and as a result no targeted, disease-modifying therapies exist. We performed a scoping review of data pertaining to the human immunology of AP to summarise the current field and to identify future research opportunities. Methods A scoping review of all clinical studies of AP immunology was performed across multiple databases. Studies were included if they were human studies of AP with an immunological outcome or intervention. Results 205 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Severe AP is characterised by significant immune dysregulation compared to the milder form of the disease. Broadly, this immune dysfunction was categorised into: innate immune responses (including profound release of damage-associated molecular patterns and heightened activity of pattern recognition receptors), cytokine profile dysregulation (particularly IL-1, 6, 10 and TNF-α), lymphocyte abnormalities, paradoxical immunosuppression (including HLA-DR suppression and increased co-inhibitory molecule expression), and failure of the intestinal barrier function. Studies including interventions were also included. Several limitations in the existing literature have been identified; consolidation and consistency across studies is required if progress is to be made in our understanding of this disease. Conclusions AP, particularly the more severe spectrum of the disease, is characterised by a multifaceted immune response that drives tissue injury and contributes to the associated morbidity and mortality. Significant work is required to develop our understanding of the immunopathology of this disease if disease-modifying therapies are to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Venkatesh
- Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia,The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Karthik Venkatesh,
| | - Hannah Glenn
- Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Delaney
- Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia,Division of Critical Care, The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Andersen
- Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia,The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia,Division of Critical Care, The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Sasson
- The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia,Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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3
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Liu S, Szatmary P, Lin JW, Wang Q, Sutton R, Chen L, Liu T, Huang W, Xia Q. Circulating monocytes in acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1062849. [PMID: 36578487 PMCID: PMC9791207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the exocrine pancreas and manifesting itself through acute onset of abdominal pain. It is frequently associated with organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, and death. Mounting evidence describes monocytes - phagocytic, antigen presenting, and regulatory cells of the innate immune system - as key contributors and regulators of the inflammatory response and subsequent organ failure in acute pancreatitis. This review highlights the recent advances of dynamic change of numbers, phenotypes, and functions of circulating monocytes as well as their underling regulatory mechanisms with a special focus on the role of lipid modulation during acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Szatmary
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jing-wen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tingting Liu, ; Wei Huang, ; Qing Xia,
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tingting Liu, ; Wei Huang, ; Qing Xia,
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tingting Liu, ; Wei Huang, ; Qing Xia,
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Diao X, Cui Q, Tian N, Zhou Z, Xiang W, Jiang Y, Deng J, Liao H, Lin X, Li Q, Liao R. Hemorrhage-Induced Sphingosine Kinase 1 Contributes to Ferroptosis-Mediated Secondary Brain Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1381-1397. [PMID: 34993846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic processes of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have not yet been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis activation aggravates injury after ICH, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) is a key enzyme in the regulation of sphingosine metabolism involved in the ferroptosis pathway, but its role in ICH needs clarification. In this study, transcriptional changes in ICH patients were assessed by microarray data, exposing Sphk1 as a highly upregulated gene during ICH. Furthermore, Sphk1 chemical inhibitors and siRNA were used to inhibit ICH-induced Sphk1 upregulation in in vivo and in vitro models, showing that Sphk1 inhibition after protects against ferroptosis and attenuates secondary brain injury and cell death. Mechanistically, this study unveiled that sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate/extracellular-regulated protein kinases/phosphorylated extracellular-regulated protein kinases (Sphk1/S1p/ERK/p-ERK) pathway is responsible for regulation of ferroptosis leading to secondary brain injury and cell death following ICH. Collectively, this study demonstrates that ferroptosis is closely associated with ICH, and that Sphk1 has a critical role in this lethal process. These results suggest a novel unique and effective therapeutic approach for ICH prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Diao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ning Tian
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zixian Zhou
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wenjing Xiang
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jungang Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongzhan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Rujia Liao
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Wollny T, Wątek M, Wnorowska U, Piktel E, Góźdź S, Kurek K, Wolak P, Król G, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Bucki R. Hypogelsolinemia and Decrease in Blood Plasma Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Patients Diagnosed with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:536-545. [PMID: 33620599 PMCID: PMC8885474 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent hospitalization cause of patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. Gelsolin has an ability to bind bioactive lipids including different sphingolipids engaged in inflammatory response. Importantly, hypogelsolinemia was observed in patients with different states of acute and chronic inflammation. AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess the interplay of blood plasma gelsolin and blood plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentration in patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the concentration of gelsolin and S1P, immunoblotting and HPLC technique were employed, respectively. Additionally, the concentrations of amylase, lipase, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and the number of white blood cells (WBC) and platelet (PLT) were recorded. RESULTS We found that both pGSN and S1P concentrations in the plasma of the AP patients were significantly lower (pGSN ~ 15-165 mg/L; S1P ~ 100-360 pmol/mL) when compared to the levels of pGSN and S1P in a control group (pGSN ~ 130-240 mg/L; S1P ~ 260-400 pmol/mL). Additionally, higher concentrations of CRP, WBC, amylase and lipase were associated with low level of gelsolin in the blood of AP patients. No correlations between the level of PCT and PLT with gelsolin concentration were noticed. CONCLUSION Plasma gelsolin and S1P levels decrease during severe acute pancreatitis. Simultaneous assessment of pGSN and S1P can be useful in development of more accurate diagnostic strategies for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indiry Gandhi 14, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wolak
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
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Metabolomic-based clinical studies and murine models for acute pancreatitis disease: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166123. [PMID: 33713791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders requiring hospitalization and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Metabolomics nowadays not only help us to understand cellular metabolism to a degree that was not previously obtainable, but also to reveal the importance of the metabolites in physiological control, disease onset and development. An in-depth understanding of metabolic phenotyping would be therefore crucial for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and precise treatment of AP. In this review, we summarized and addressed the metabolomics design and workflow in AP studies, as well as the results and analysis of the in-depth of research. Based on the metabolic profiling work in both clinical populations and experimental AP models, we described the metabolites with potential utility as biomarkers and the correlation between the altered metabolites and AP status. Moreover, the disturbed metabolic pathways correlated with biological function were discussed in the end. A practical understanding of current and emerging metabolomic approaches applicable to AP and use of the metabolite information presented will aid in designing robust metabolomics and biological experiments that result in identification of unique biomarkers and mechanisms, and ultimately enhanced clinical decision-making.
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Tian T, Yao D, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Duan Y, Liu B, Wang P, Li Y. Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates HMGB1 translocation by directly interacting with calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II-δ in sepsis-associated liver injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 33281190 PMCID: PMC7719708 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we confirmed that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibition improves sepsis-associated liver injury. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) translocation participates in the development of acute liver failure. However, little information is available on the association between SphK1 and HMGB1 translocation during sepsis-associated liver injury. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of SphK1 inhibition on HMGB1 translocation and the underlying mechanism during sepsis-associated liver injury. Primary Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were isolated from SD rats. The rat model of sepsis-associated liver damage was induced by intraperitoneal injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We confirmed that Kupffer cells were the cells primarily secreting HMGB1 in the liver after LPS stimulation. LPS-mediated HMGB1 expression, intracellular translocation, and acetylation were dramatically decreased by SphK1 inhibition. Nuclear histone deacetyltransferase 4 (HDAC4) translocation and E1A-associated protein p300 (p300) expression regulating the acetylation of HMGB1 were also suppressed by SphK1 inhibition. HDAC4 intracellular translocation has been reported to be controlled by the phosphorylation of HDAC4. The phosphorylation of HDAC4 is modulated by CaMKII-δ. However, these changes were completely blocked by SphK1 inhibition. Additionally, by performing coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, we revealed that SphK1 can directly interact with CaMKII-δ. The colocalization of SphK1 and CaMKII-δ was verified in human liver tissues with sepsis-associated liver injury. In conclusion, SphK1 inhibition diminishes HMGB1 intracellular translocation in sepsis-associated liver injury. The mechanism is associated with the direct interaction of SphK1 and CaMKII-δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Impact of Acute Pancreatic Injury on Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Salivary Glands. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6403482. [PMID: 32802862 PMCID: PMC7426771 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6403482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatic injury can be related to both parenchymal (responsible for exocrine functions) and islet (mainly β-cells, responsible for endocrine functions) damage. During embryonic development, both the salivary glands and the pancreas originate from the foregut, which explains many of the observed histological and functional similarities between these two organs. The relationship between several diseases of the pancreas and salivary glands, resulting from morphological and functional similarities, is well established. Sphingolipids constitute a class of biologically active molecules involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of AP on sphingolipid metabolism in the salivary glands remains uncertain. In the presented study, we examined the effect of AP and type 1 diabetes mellitus on sphingolipid metabolism in the salivary glands of rats. We demonstrated that acute pancreatic injury, related to both exocrine and endocrine functions, affects the metabolism of sphingolipids in the parotid, but not submandibular, salivary glands.
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9
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Xiao J, Lin H, Liu B, Xia Z, Zhang J, Jin J. Decreased S1P and SPHK2 are involved in pancreatic acinar cell injury. Biomark Med 2019; 13:627-637. [PMID: 31157539 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The roles of S1P in acute pancreatitis (AP) or non-AP patients with pancreatic acinar cell injury (PACI) are not well understood. Materials & methods: Serum S1P, in 40 healthy individuals and 99 patients with PACI, was retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, we detected and analyzed S1P in AP mice and the AR42J acinar cell line. Results: Serum S1P was significantly decreased in PACI patients, compared with that of healthy controls. Patients with gall stones, normal serum calcium or normal blood lipids showed relative higher levels of serum S1P. Interestingly, in patients with gall or liver disease, serum S1P was positively associated with γ-GT and ALT. Additionally, S1P and SPHK2 were decreased in AP mice and AR42J cells, relative to the levels of corresponding controls. Conclusion: Serum S1P is decreased in PACI, which may be partly due to downregulation of pancreatic SPHK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China.,China-USA Lipids in Health & Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury & Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Houmin Lin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Binggang Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China.,Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China.,China-USA Lipids in Health & Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury & Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, PR China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and severe gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. We adopted cerulein-induced pancreatitis, a well-established rat model shearing similarities with human AP, to determine the disease background. Special interest was placed on sphingolipids, because their signaling pathways are involved in many pathological states including hepatic steatosis, heart infarction, or pancreatic origin type 1 diabetes. METHODS Sphingolipid levels in the blood and pancreas were determined by the means of chromatography (thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography). RESULTS We found that AP leads to activation of ceramide de novo synthesis pathway, as evidenced by a significant increment in sphinganine, that is, ceramide synthesis precursor, content (+3.8-fold). Surprisingly, despite the reported growth in sphinganine concentration, we observed a reduced (-38%) ceramide level in the pancreas of rats with AP. The results could be explained by subsequent hydrolysis of ceramide to other secondary messengers, that is, sphingosine (+4-fold) or sphingosine-1-phosphate (+3-fold). CONCLUSIONS Because it is known that sphingosine-1-phosphate and some of its analogs could have a protective role against AP complications, our findings may contribute to elaboration of new therapeutic strategies in the management of this severe medical condition.
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Plasma Sphingolipids in Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122606. [PMID: 29207545 PMCID: PMC5751209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, in the case of severe AP, a mortality rate ranging from 36% to 50%. Standard clinical treatment of AP includes intensive hydration, analgesia, and management of complications. Unfortunately, the direct treatment of AP at the level of its molecular pathomechanism has not yet been established. Recent studies indicate that the sphingolipid signaling pathway may be one of the important factors contributing to the development of inflammation in pancreatic diseases. In the current study, we sought to investigate this promising route. We examined the plasma sphingolipid profile of 44 patients with acute pancreatitis, dividing them into three groups: mild, moderate and severe AP. Samples were collected from these groups at days 1, 3 and 7 following their hospital admission. We demonstrated significant changes in blood plasma sphingolipids in relation to the time course of AP. We also found an inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis in mild and moderate AP. However, the most important and novel finding was a significant elevation in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (a downstream metabolite of ceramide) in mild AP, as well as a dramatic reduction in the lipid molecule content in the early stage (days 1 and 3) of severe AP. This strongly indicates that plasma S1P could serve as a prognostic marker of AP severity.
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Fonteh P, Smith M, Brand M. Adaptive Immune Cell Dysregulation and Role in Acute Pancreatitis Disease Progression and Treatment. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 66:199-209. [PMID: 29189884 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas caused by various stimuli including excessive alcohol consumption, gallstone disease and certain viral infections. Managing specifically the severe form of AP is limited due to lack of an understanding of the complex immune events that occur during AP involving immune cells and inflammatory molecules such as cytokines. The relative abundance of various immune cells resulting from the immune dysregulation drives disease progression. In this review, we examine the literature on the adaptive immune cells in AP, the prognostic value of these cells in stratifying patients into appropriate care and treatment strategies based on cell frequency in different AP severities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Fonteh
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Martin Brand
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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Zhu HB, Zhang HP, Pan TJ. Effect of glutamine combined with esomeprazole on amino acid metabolism, bacterial translocation and inflammatory reaction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4299-4303. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i31.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of glutamine combined with esomeprazole on amino acid metabolism, bacterial translocation (BT) and inflammatory reaction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS Seventy patients with acute severe pancreatitis were randomly divided into either a control group or an observation group. The control group was given esomeprazole alone, and the observation group was treated with glutamine combined with esomeprazole. Amino acid metabolism, BT and inflammatory reaction were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS With regard to amino acid metabolism, serum tryptophan, histidine, lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, and isoleucine in the control group were all significantly lower than those of the observation group (P < 0.05). For intestinal BT, the numbers of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in the control group were significantly lower than those of the observation group, and the numbers of Staphylococci, Escherichia, and Candida were significantly higher than those of the observation group (P < 0.05). With regard to inflammatory response, serum levels of interleukin-6, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the control group were significantly higher than those of the observation group.
CONCLUSION Glutamine combined with esomeprazole therapy is helpful to improve amino acid metabolism, prevent BT, and reduce inflammatory reaction in patients with SAP.
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Tian T, Tian W, Yang F, Zhao R, Huang Q, Zhao Y. Sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition improves lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:677-685. [PMID: 27733910 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616637968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) signaling plays a key role in inflammatory responses. Lei et al. showed that SphK1 inhibition presented a hepatoprotective effect on acute liver damage via decreasing hepatic high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) cytoplasmic translocation. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine whether SphK1 or S1PRs inhibition improves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute liver failure by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. METHODS A mouse model of acute liver failure was induced by LPS/GalN. Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly distributed into five groups: control group, LPS/GalN group, SphK1 inhibition group (LPS/GalN+SKI-5c), S1PR1 inhibition group (LPS/GalN+W146), and S1PR3 inhibition group (LPS/GalN+CAY10444). RESULTS We confirmed the findings of Lei et al. that hepatic SphK1 expression was upregulated; serum transaminase activity (AST, ALT), as well as serum TNF-α and IL-6, were decreased by SphK1 inhibition. We further showed that the expression of S1PR1 and S1PR3 was augmented in response to LPS/GalN. SphK1 inhibition improves hepatic hemorrhage, and the activities of hepatic caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, the activation of the MAPKs family (JNK, ERK and p38) was suppressed by SphK1 inhibition. However, S1PR1 or S1PR3 inhibition did not protect the mouse against liver damage, though S1PR1 or S1PR3 inhibition reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6, and partially attenuated the phosphorylation of the MAPKs signaling. CONCLUSIONS SphK1 inhibition improves LPS/GalN-induced liver injury by inhibiting activation of MAPKs signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Risheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tian T, Zhao Y, Huang Q, Li J. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Inflammation via Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinase 1 in a Rat Model of Parenteral Nutrition and CLP-Induced Sepsis. Lipids 2016; 51:271-8. [PMID: 26856322 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway plays a key role in inflammation. Parenteral nutrition containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may regulate inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study is to determine whether n-3 PUFA may improve inflammatory responses by neutralizing SphK1 signaling. Rat models of parenteral nutrition, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were generated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were operated for CLP on day 2 after venous catheterization. The rats were randomized to receive normal saline (NS; n = 20), parenteral nutrition (PN; n = 20), or PN + fish oil (FO; n = 20) for 5 days. The daily intake of fish oil (1.25-2.82 g EPA and 1.44-3.09 g DHA per 100 ml) in the FO group was approximately 1.8 g/kg body weight/day. Rats in the control group (n = 10) were subjected to sham operation and received a chow diet. Spleen tissues were collected for SphK1 and S1P receptor expression analysis. Our data showed that n-3 PUFA ameliorated the survival rate. SphK1 expression and its enzymatic activity were significantly upregulated in sepsis rats. Furthermore, mRNA and protein levels of S1PR3, but not S1PR1, were also facilitated after CLP. However, PN + FO dramatically decreased SphK1 mRNA level and its enzymatic activity. S1PR3 expression was also attenuated by FO addition. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFA may be linked to the inhibition of the SphK1/S1P pathway in a rat model of parenteral nutrition and CLP-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
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Effects and mechanism of bufei yishen formula in a rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:381976. [PMID: 24959185 PMCID: PMC4052073 DOI: 10.1155/2014/381976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bufei Yishen Formula (BYF) has been used for centuries in Asia to effectively treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study established a COPD animal model in rats, wherein three groups (control, COPD, and BYF) were used to evaluate the mechanism(s) and curative effect of BYF. Pulmonary function and histomorphology demonstrated that BYF had an evident effect on COPD. Gene microarray was then exploited to analyze the effects of BYF on COPD. ClueGO analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that BYF improved COPD by regulating expression of interleukins, myosin filament assembly components, and mitochondrial electron transport-related molecules. Moreover, ELISA revealed that expression of several interleukins (IL1 β , IL6, IL8, and IL10) was reduced in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by BYF treatment. It was concluded that BYF has therapeutic effects on COPD in rats through its effects on interleukin expression and/or secretion. Furthermore, pharmacological or targeted expression of two differentially expressed genes, F2R and Sprik1, might be useful in novel COPD therapies. This study provides the basis for mechanisms of BYF on COPD and new therapeutic drug targets.
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Lufrano M, Jacob A, Zhou M, Wang P. Sphingosine kinase‑1 mediates endotoxemia‑induced hyperinflammation in aged animals. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:645-9. [PMID: 23817990 PMCID: PMC3776707 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious issue in the geriatric population due to its association with high mortality rates in the elderly. The increase in mortality in the elderly correlates with inflammation. We have previously demonstrated that the inflammatory response is exacerbated in a rodent endotoxemia model of sepsis in aged rats compared with young rats. However, the molecular mediators associated with this hyperinflammatory response in aged rats have not been completely determined. Sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk-1), an enzyme present in neutrophils and macrophages, regulates proinflammatory responses associated with endotoxemia and sepsis. To determine whether Sphk-1 is a molecular mediator associated with the observed hyperinflammatory response in aging, Sphk-1 mRNA expression was examined in hepatic tissues of young and aged rats subjected to endotoxemia. A significant increase in Sphk-1 mRNA was observed in endotoxemic aged rats compared with young rats. This increase was correlated with a significant increase in TNF-α mRNA levels in the liver. CD14 is a receptor component for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and therefore, CD14 mRNA expression in hepatic tissues of endotoxemic young and aged rats was examined. Of note, CD14 mRNA was significantly upregulated in endotoxemic aged rats. Sphk-1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in LPS-treated Kupffer cells and this increase correlated with an increase in CD14 mRNA expression. Results of the present study indicated that increased Sphk-1 expression in the liver in response to endotoxemia mediates the hyperinflammatory state observed in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lufrano
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:111-30. [PMID: 23299306 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835daf68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sphingolipids: a potential molecular approach to treat allergic inflammation. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:154174. [PMID: 23316248 PMCID: PMC3536436 DOI: 10.1155/2012/154174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is an immune response to foreign antigens, which begins within minutes of exposure to the allergen followed by a late phase leading to chronic inflammation. Prolonged allergic inflammation manifests in diseases such as urticaria and rhino-conjunctivitis, as well as chronic asthma and life-threatening anaphylaxis. The prevalence of allergic diseases is profound with 25% of the worldwide population affected and a rising trend across all ages, gender, and racial groups. The identification and avoidance of allergens can manage this disease, but this is not always possible with triggers being common foods, prevalent air-borne particles and only extremely low levels of allergen exposure required for sensitization. Patients who are sensitive to multiple allergens require prophylactic and symptomatic treatments. Current treatments are often suboptimal and associated with adverse effects, such as the interruption of cognition, sleep cycles, and endocrine homeostasis, all of which affect quality of life and are a financial burden to society. Clearly, a better therapeutic approach for allergic diseases is required. Herein, we review the current knowledge of allergic inflammation and discuss the role of sphingolipids as potential targets to regulate inflammatory development in vivo and in humans. We also discuss the benefits and risks of using sphingolipid inhibitors.
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The clinical course of acute pancreatitis and the inflammatory mediators that drive it. Int J Inflam 2012; 2012:360685. [PMID: 23304633 PMCID: PMC3530799 DOI: 10.1155/2012/360685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common emergency condition. In the majority of cases, it presents in a mild and self-limited form. However, about 20% of patients develop severe disease with local pancreatic complications (including necrosis, abscess, or pseudocysts), systemic organ dysfunction, or both. A modern classification of AP severity has recently been proposed based on the factors that are causally associated with severity of AP. These factors are both local (peripancreatic necrosis) and systemic (organ failure). In AP, inflammation is initiated by intracellular activation of pancreatic proenzymes and/or nuclear factor-κB. Activated leukocytes infiltrate into and around the pancreas and play a central role in determining AP severity. Inflammatory reaction is first local, but may amplify leading to systemic overwhelming production of inflammatory mediators and early organ failure. Concomitantly, anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific cytokine inhibitors are produced. This anti-inflammatory reaction may overcompensate and inhibit the immune response, rendering the host at risk for systemic infection. Currently, there is no specific treatment for AP. However, there are several early supportive treatments and interventions which are beneficial. Also, increasing the understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and the development of organ dysfunction may provide us with future treatment modalities.
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Watson L, Tullus K, Marks SD, Holt RCL, Pilkington C, Beresford MW. Increased serum concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 2012; 32:1019-25. [PMID: 22648459 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an active sphingolipid with chemotactic abilities and has been linked to inflammatory mediators and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to assess whether children with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) express increased systemic and/or urinary concentrations of S1P. METHODS A subgroup of patients participating in the UK JSLE Cohort Study, were invited to participate. Cross sectional serum and urine samples were prospectively collected along with demographic and standard clinical data. Results were compared to a cohort of disease controls (Henoch Schonlein Purpura; HSP) and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS The median age of JSLE patients (n = 15) was 13.6 years (7.2-16.9 years). The serum concentrations of S1P in JSLE patients (7.4 uM, IQR 6.3-12.3 uM) were statistically significantly increased when compared to patients with HSP (n = 10; 5.2 uM, IQR 4.0-7.9 uM; p = 0.016) and HCs (n = 10; 3.8 uM, IQR 2.1-5.8 uM; p = 0.003). There was a trend towards increased serum S1P concentrations between patients with active lupus nephritis (n = 8; 8.7 uM, IQR 6.2-15.3 uM) compared to lupus non-nephritis (n = 7; 6.6 uM, IQR 6.3-10.6 uM; p = 0.355). No relationship was found between disease activity markers and S1P. Urine S1P concentrations were no different between JSLE patients (56.0 nM, IQR 40.3-96.6 nM) and HCs (58.7 nM, IQR 0-241.9 nM; p = 0.889). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated, for the first time, an increased serum concentration of S1P in a cohort of JSLE patients. These findings highlight a role of S1P in the pathophysiology of JSLE that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Watson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
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