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Basto T, Coelho MN, Almeida J, da Silva S, Freitas C, da Silva JB. Unusual presentation of pancreatitis: Inguinoscrotal edema mimicking an incarcerated hernia - a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 120:109805. [PMID: 38805840 PMCID: PMC11150956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In rare instances, pancreatitis can manifest as inguinal edema without typical abdominal symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a man in his 40s, with alcohol addiction, who presented with left inguinal pain and swelling but no other abdominal complaints. Physical examination revealed inguinal tenderness and edema, with no hernia signs. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein, inconsistent with the patient's symptoms. Abdominopelvic CT scan revealed peripancreatic fat densification and retroperitoneal fluid extending into the inguinal area. No hernia was evident. Extended analysis revealed elevated amylase and lipase levels, sustaining the diagnosis of pancreatitis. The patient responded well to supportive care and was discharged symptom-free. DISCUSSION Acute pancreatitis emerging as an inguinoscrotal swelling, in the absence of any abdominal symptoms or signs, is extremely rare and can mimic more common causes of inguinoscrotal swellings, such as incarcerated hernias. This case highlights the ability of leaking pancreatic juice to track widely in the retroperitoneal tissues, particularly on the left side. A high level of suspicion, in combination with a CT scan, is essential for achieving an accurate diagnosis and determining the disease's extent. Failure to diagnose correctly could lead to unnecessary surgical procedures and inappropriate/delayed medical care. CONCLUSION Inguinal edema as the sole presentation of acute pancreatitis is extremely rare. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion, especially in patients with a history of alcohol consumption, in order to proceed with prompt treatment and avoid unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Basto
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal.
| | | | - Joana Almeida
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia da Silva
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal
| | - Carla Freitas
- General Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal
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Kouiss Y, Aider T, Irzi M, El moudane A, Barki A. Acute pancreatitis revealed by right orchi - Epididymitis: A case report and review of the literature. Urol Case Rep 2024; 54:102703. [PMID: 38827534 PMCID: PMC11143429 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Orchiepididymitis is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis and leads to misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgery. Abdominal pelvic CT and testicular Doppler ultrasound are the two key examinations in this situation. This is about a 38-year-old patient, seen in the emergency room in an initial picture of right orchiepididymitis secondary to a migration of pancreatic fluid collection treated with antibiotic therapy with monitoring. No consensus as to management has not been established so far. - According to the 2012 Atlanta Consensus: basic antibiotic therapy is recommended in case of suspected infection of these collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Kouiss
- Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aider
- Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Irzi
- Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Anouar El moudane
- Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ali Barki
- Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
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Bharath PN, Rana SS. Early Endoscopic Interventions for Pancreatic Necrosis: Indications, Technique, and Outcomes. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1571-1582. [PMID: 38528209 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Endoscopic transmural drainage is usually performed for symptomatic well-encapsulated walled-off necrosis (WON) that usually develops in the delayed phase (> 4 weeks after disease onset) of acute necrotising pancreatitis (ANP). Endoscopic drainage is usually not advocated in the early (< 4 weeks after disease onset) stage of illness because of the risk of complications due to an incompletely formed encapsulating wall and poor demarcation of viable from necrotic tissue. However, emerging data from expert tertiary care centres over the last few years shows that the early endoscopic transluminal drainage approach is effective and safe. The development of lumen-apposing metal stents and better accessories for endoscopic necrosectomy has fuelled the expansion of indications of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis. However, early endoscopic drainage is associated with higher rates of adverse events; therefore, careful patient selection is paramount. This article will review the current indications, techniques and outcomes of early endoscopic transluminal drainage in pancreatic necrotic collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardhu Neelam Bharath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Surinder Singh Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Li Z, Siddiqui A, Singh G, Redstone E, Weinstein J, Mitchell DG. Pancreatic Walled-Off Necrosis: Cross-Sectional Imaging Depiction of Debris Predicts the Success of Endoscopic Drainage Using Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents. Dig Dis 2024; 42:380-388. [PMID: 38663364 DOI: 10.1159/000538472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural stent placement for pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) drainage is widespread. This study retrospectively analyzed imaging parameters predicting the outcomes of WON endoscopic drainage using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS). METHODS This study analyzed the data of 115 patients who underwent EUS-guided debridement using LAMS from 2011 to 2015. Pre-intervention CT or MRI was used to analyze the total volume of WON, percentage of debris, multilocularity, and density. Success measures included technical success, the number of endoscopic sessions, the requirement of percutaneous drainage, long-term success, and recurrence. RESULTS The primary cause of pancreatitis was gallstones (50.4%), followed by alcohol (27.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (11.3%), idiopathic (8.7%), and autoimmune (1.7%). The mean WON size was 674 mL. All patients underwent endoscopic necrosectomy, averaging 3.1 sessions. Stent placement was successful in 96.5% of cases. Procedural complications were observed in 13 patients (11.3%) and 6 patients (5.2%) who needed additional percutaneous drainage. No patients reported recurrent WON posttreatment. Univariate analysis indicated a significant correlation between debris percentage and the need for additional drainage and long-term success (p < 0.001). The number of endoscopic sessions correlated significantly with debris percentage (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pre-procedural imaging, particularly debris percentage within WON, significantly predicts the number of endoscopic sessions, the need for further percutaneous drainage, and overall long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenteng Li
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Gurshawn Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen Redstone
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Weinstein
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Plainview, New York, USA
| | - Donald G Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mangiafico S, Bertani H, Pigò F, Russo S, Lupo M, Cocca S, Grande G, Germani U, Manta R, Conigliaro R. A New Step-Up Dual Endoscopic Approach for Large-Size Infected Pancreatic Necrosis: Percutaneous Endoscopic Necrosectomy Followed by Transluminal Endoscopic Drainage/Necrosectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2024; 34:156-162. [PMID: 38421183 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis in 10% to 20% of cases can be associated with necrosis of the pancreatic gland, peripancreatic tissue, or both. We report a case series of a new endoscopic approach to treat infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with IPN, extending from the perigastric area up to the paracolic gutters or into the pelvis, were prospectively studied from January 2017 to June 2022. The treatment protocol was radiologic percutaneous drainage as the first step, followed by fully covered metal stent placement (FC-SEMS) in the track of the catheter. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) was performed 2 to 4 days later using a flexible endoscope through the percutaneous tract. About 2 to 4 weeks later, when a matured sac was visible, EUS-guided endoscopic transluminal drainage (ETD) with lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) was performed. Control of sepsis with resolution of collection(s) was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS We included 18 patients, males in 50% of cases with age 60±12 years old. Most frequent cause of pancreatitis was biliary (7 cases) followed by alcoholic in 6 cases; in 3 cases pancreatitis was caused by hyperlipemia and in 2 cases was idiopathic. Mean size of WON was 18±2 cm. For PEN, SEMSs used were esophageal FC-SEMS. LAMS used for ETD were Hot Axios, Hot Spaxus and Nagistent. Mean time of endoscopic intervention for PEN and ETD was 18±3 and 37±4 days, respectively. In 5 cases adverse events occurred: 3 cases of overinflations resolved with introduction of Verres needles in abdomen. In 2 cases postprocedural GI bleeding required endoscopic intervention. In all cases control of sepsis was reached together with resolution of collections. No cases of deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS Step-up percutaneous and transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy therapy is an effective strategy for large-size IPN with combined central and peripheral necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Mangiafico
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Helga Bertani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Flavia Pigò
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Marinella Lupo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Silvia Cocca
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Giuseppe Grande
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
| | - Ugo Germani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Manta
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Conigliaro
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Modena (Baggiovara-Policlinico), Modena
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Earjala JK, Muthukumarasamy T, Govindaraj Raman SK, V C K, Micheal M, Nath VG, A AR, Aravindan U. Step-Up Management in Acute Pancreatitis: A Tertiary Care Center's Experience From Southern India. Cureus 2024; 16:e58971. [PMID: 38800167 PMCID: PMC11128138 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical spectrum of acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from mild disease to severe form associated with multiorgan failure, prolonged hospital stay, high morbidity, and mortality. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is a severe form of AP. This study evaluates AP's outcomes after applying principles of the step-up approach in a tertiary healthcare center in south India. Methodology This prospective observational study was carried out from January 2021 to December 2022. The study population includes patients admitted to our department with AP. Results Ninety patients were included in the study, most of them were middle-aged males with ethanol ingestion as the common etiology. Thirty-seven (41.1%) patients had mild AP, 25 (27.7%) had moderately severe AP, and 28 (31.1%) had severe AP. Organ failure at admission was noted in 36 (40%) patients. Twenty-three (25.5%) patients developed ANP. Infected necrosis was noted in 3 (3.33%) patients. Eighteen (20%) patients needed image-guided percutaneous drainage. Seven (38.8%) needed necrosectomy following percutaneous drainage. Mortality was observed in 8 (8.8%) patients. Specifically, mortality was noted in 6 (6.6%) patients who presented later in their disease course. Conclusions Percutaneous catheter drainage is a safe and effective therapy to tide over the initial phase of AP. It also serves as a bridging therapy till the patient is clinically fit for a necrosectomy. Severe AP cases presenting late in their course are associated with significant mortality even after step-up management. Standardized protocols for referral and management are essential to obtain a good clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Kumar Earjala
- Surgical Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, IND
| | | | | | | | - Mathews Micheal
- Surgical Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, IND
| | - Vivek G Nath
- Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
- Surgical Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, IND
| | - Arun Raja A
- Surgical Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, IND
| | - U Aravindan
- Surgical Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, IND
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Huang D, Lu Z, Li Q, Jiang K, Wu J, Gao W, Miao Y. A Risk Score for Predicting the Necessity of Surgical Necrosectomy in the Treatment of Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis. J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:2145-2154. [PMID: 37488423 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP), percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is now widely acknowledged as the initial intervention in a step-up approach, followed, if necessary, by minimally invasive necrosectomy or even open pancreatic necrosectomy. However, an overemphasis on PCD may cause a patient's condition to deteriorate, leading to missed surgical opportunities or even death. This study aimed to develop a simple and convenient scoring tool for assessing the need for surgery in INP patients who received PCD procedures. METHODS In an observational study conducted between April 2015 and December 2020, PCD was utilized as the initial step to treat 143 consecutive INP patients. A surgical necrosectomy was performed when the patient failed to respond. Risk factors of PCD failure (i.e., need for surgical necrosectomy) were identified by multivariate logistic regression models. An integer-based risk scoring tool was developed using the β coefficients derived from the logistic regression model. RESULTS In 62 (43.4%) patients, PCD was successful, while the remaining 81 (56.6%) individuals required subsequent surgical necrosectomy. In the multivariate model, organ failure, percentage of pancreatic necrosis, extrapancreatic necrosis volume, and mean CT density of extrapancreatic necrosis volume were associated with a need for surgical necrosectomy. A predictive scoring tool based on these four factors demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.893. Under the scoring tool, a total score of 4 or more indicates a high possibility of surgical necrosectomy being required (at least 80%). Using the coordinates of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the sensitivity and specificity at this threshold are 0.802 and 0.903, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A risk score model integrating organ failure, percentage of pancreatic necrosis, extrapancreatic necrosis volume, and mean CT density of extrapancreatic necrosis volume can identify INP patients at high risk for necrosectomy. The straightforward risk assessment tool assists clinicians in stratifying INP patients and making more judicious medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Huang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junli Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Pancreas Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Li G, Li S, Cao L, Mao W, Zhou J, Ye B, Zhang J, Ding L, Zhu Y, Ke L, Liu Y, Tong Z, Li W. Nomogram development and validation for predicting minimally invasive step-up approach failure in infected necrotizing pancreatitis patients: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1677-1687. [PMID: 37144670 PMCID: PMC10389492 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that minimally invasive treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) may be safer and more effective than open necrosectomy (ON), but ON is still irreplaceable in a portion of INP patients. Furthermore, there is a lack of tools to identify INP patients at risk of minimally invasive step-up approach failure (eventually received ON or died), which may enable appropriate treatment for them. Our study aims to identify risk factors that can predict minimally invasive step-up approach failure in INP patients and to develop a nomogram for early prediction. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between minimally invasive step-up approach failure and factors regarding demographics, disease severity, laboratory index, and the location of extrapancreatic necrotic collections. A novel nomogram was developed, and its performance was validated both internally and externally by its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. RESULTS There were 267, 89, and 107 patients in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the computed tomography severity index (CTSI) greater than 8 points, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score of 16 points or more, early spontaneous bleeding, fungi infection, granulocyte and platelet decrease within 30 days of acute pancreatitis onset, and extrapancreatic necrosis collection located in small bowel mesentery were independent risk factors for minimally invasive step-up approach failure. The area under the curve and coefficient of determination ( R2 ) of the nomogram constructed from the above factors were 0.920 and 0.644, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had good fitness ( P =0.206). In addition, the nomogram performed well in both the internal and external validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram had a good performance in predicting minimally invasive step-up approach failure, which may help clinicians distinguish INP patients at risk of minimally invasive step-up approach failure early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Longxiang Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
- National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
- National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
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Wen Y, Zhuo WQ, Liang HY, Huang Z, Cheng L, Tian FZ, Wang T, Tang LJ, Luo ZL. Abdominal paracentesis drainage improves outcome of acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension in early phase. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:48-55. [PMID: 36037989 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is an important risk factor for organ dysfunction, and it occurs in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We have reported a novel step-up approach and shown the benefit of performing abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) ahead of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) when treating Patients with SAP with fluid collections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of APD in Patients with SAP complicated with IAH in the early phase. METHODS In the present study, 206 AP patients complicated with IAH in the early phase were enrolled in hospital between June 2017 and December 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: 109 underwent APD (APD group) and 97 were managed without APD (non-APD group). We retrospectively compared the outcomes of the APD and non-APD groups for IAH treatment. The parameters including mortality, infection, organ failure, inflammatory factors, indications for further interventions, and drainage-related complications were observed. RESULTS The demographic data and severity scores of the two groups were comparable. The mortality rate was lower in the APD group (3.7%) than in the non-APD group (8.2%). Compared with the non-APD group, the intra-abdominal pressure and laboratory parameters of the APD group decreased more rapidly, and the mean number of failed organs was lower. However, there was no significant difference in incidence of infections between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Application of APD is beneficial to AP patients. It significantly attenuated inflammation injury, avoided further interventions, and reduced multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhuo
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610051, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Yin Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhu Huang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fu-Zhou Tian
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhu-Lin Luo
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China.
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10
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Clinical Significance of Serum Nitric Oxide, Urine Nitric Oxide, and Urinary Nitric Oxide-to-Creatinine Ratio in Acute Pancreatitis. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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11
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Garret C, Douillard M, David A, Péré M, Quenehervé L, Legros L, Archambeaud I, Douane F, Lerhun M, Regenet N, Gournay J, Coron E, Frampas E, Reignier J. Infected pancreatic necrosis complicating severe acute pancreatitis in critically ill patients: predicting catheter drainage failure and need for necrosectomy. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35916981 PMCID: PMC9346045 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-01039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent guidelines advocate a step-up approach for managing suspected infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) during acute pancreatitis. Nearly half the patients require secondary necrosectomy after catheter drainage. Our primary objective was to assess the external validity of a previously reported nomogram for catheter drainage, based on four predictors of failure. Our secondary objectives were to identify other potential predictors of catheter-drainage failure. We retrospectively studied consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of three university hospitals in France between 2012 and 2016, for severe acute pancreatitis with suspected IPN requiring catheter drainage. We assessed drainage success and failure rates in 72 patients, with success defined as survival without subsequent necrosectomy and failure as death and/or subsequent necrosectomy required by inadequate improvement. We plotted the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for the nomogram and computed the area under the curve (AUROC). Results Catheter drainage alone was successful in 32 (44.4%) patients. The nomogram predicted catheter-drainage failure with an AUROC of 0.71. By multivariate analysis, catheter-drainage failure was independently associated with a higher body mass index [odds ratio (OR), 1.12; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.00–1.24; P = 0.048], heterogeneous collection (OR, 16.7; 95% CI, 1.83–152.46; P = 0.01), and respiratory failure onset within 24 h before catheter drainage (OR, 18.34; 95% CI, 2.18–154.3; P = 0.007). Conclusion Over half the patients required necrosectomy after failed catheter drainage. Newly identified predictors of catheter-drainage failure were heterogeneous collection and respiratory failure. Adding these predictors to the nomogram might help to identify patients at high risk of catheter-drainage failure. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03234166. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13613-022-01039-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Garret
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Marion Douillard
- Institut des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Arthur David
- Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Péré
- Plateforme de Méthodologie et Biostatistique, Direction de la Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Lucille Quenehervé
- Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Ludivine Legros
- Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35203, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Archambeaud
- Institut des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Douane
- Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Lerhun
- Institut des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Regenet
- Institut des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jerome Gournay
- Institut des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Institut des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Frampas
- Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Reignier
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
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12
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Bhargava MV, Rana SS, Gorsi U, Kang M, Gupta R. Assessing the Efficacy and Outcomes Following Irrigation with Streptokinase Versus Hydrogen Peroxide in Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Randomized Pilot Study. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4146-4153. [PMID: 34405362 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD's) are prone to blockage because of necrosum. To improve the efficacy of PCD, necrolytic agents have been used. The present study compared the use of Streptokinase with H2O2 in saline irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single-center randomized pilot study (from July 2018 to Dec 2019). Patients with infected pancreatic necrosis not showing response to PCD and saline irrigation were included in the study. Patients received either Streptokinase (Streptokinase group 50,000 IU in 100 ml normal saline) or 3% H2O2 (3% H2O2 in 100 ml normal saline in 1:10 dilution). Primary endpoints were the need for surgery and mortality while secondary endpoints were hospital stay and complications attributable to necrolytic agents. RESULTS There were 30 patients in the study, 15 in each arm. Organ failure was seen in 23 (76.6%), single organ failure was present in 11 (47%), and multi-organ failure in 12 (53%). Bleeding complications (20% in H2O2 vs 6.6% in Streptokinase), need for surgery (73% in H2O2 vs 33.3% in Streptokinase) and mortality (60% in H2O2 vs 33% in Streptokinase) were higher in H2O2 group but the difference was not significant statistically. Post-irrigation hospital stay was lesser in the Streptokinase group compared to H2O2 group but the difference did not reach statistical significance (14.1 ± 7.7 vs 19.2 ± 11.7, p = 0.09) CONCLUSIONS: Streptokinase irrigation led to a trend for reduced need for necrosectomy and mortality. H2O2 group had more bleeding complications. Post-irrigation hospital stay was lesser in Streptokinase group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surinder Singh Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Mandeep Kang
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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13
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Mandal M, Rana SS, Kang M, Chakrabarti A, Gupta V, Kumar-M P, Gupta R. Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis: A Harbinger of Infection in Peri/Pancreatic Necrotic Collections. Pancreas 2022; 51:358-365. [PMID: 35695826 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is associated with poor outcomes. The present study looked at incidence of infection and predictors, if any, in these collections. METHODS This prospective observational study was done between July 2019 and October 2020. Symptomatic patients of acute necrotic collections and walled-off necrosis of pancreas requiring drainage were included. Necrotic fluid and blood were analyzed for growth of organisms. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were included. The mean age was 36.8 years (standard deviation, 11.5 years). Male-female ratio was 4:1. Alcohol was the most common etiology. Infection was noted in 44 of the 62 patients (70.9%) and bacteremia noted in 23 of the 62 patients (37%). Escherichia coli was the most common organism in necrotic collections and Staphylococcus was the most common organism isolated from blood culture. The patients with Modified Computed Tomography-Severity Index of 8 of higher ( P < 0.001) had significant association with IPN but not with bacteremia. However, splanchnic vein thrombosis ( P = 0.022) was significantly associated with development of IPN as well as bacteremia on both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus were the most common organisms grown from necrotic collections and blood respectively. Presence of splanchnic vein thrombosis was a significant factor for development of IPN and bacteremia on univariate as well as multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vikas Gupta
- From the Departments of Surgical Gastroenterology
| | - Praveen Kumar-M
- Clinical Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- From the Departments of Surgical Gastroenterology
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14
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Zheng Z, Lu J, Cao F, Ding Y, Guo Y, Mei W, Qu Y, Liu S, Sun H, Cui Y, Li A, Li F. "One-step" approach versus "Step-up" approach minimally invasive treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis: a study protocol for a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:41. [PMID: 35114931 PMCID: PMC8811975 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the minimally invasive "Step-up" surgical strategy is still the main treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). However, indiscriminate implementation of the "Step-up" strategy can lead to increased numbers of operations and prolonged hospital stay. The "Step-up" approach is not appropriate for some patients due to unavailabilty of a safe puncture path. Therefore, we developed the "One-step" surgical approach to treat IPN, which is safety. However, there is still a lack of comparison of the short and long-term efficacy between the "One-step" and "Step-up" approach. Consequently, we are conducting this clinical trial to provide a reference for IPN treatment. METHODS This is an ongoing, single-center, randomized controlled trial of patients with IPN. The total sample size required for the trial (May 2021-December 2023) is approximately 128 patients. Patients will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group (One-step) or a control group (Step-up) at a ratio of 1:1 using the block randomization method. We used the case report forms and electronic data capture systems to obtain demographic information, preoperative laboratory examination, auxiliary examination results, surgery data, postoperative recovery outcomes, and follow-up outcomes. The patients will be followed up for 2 years after surgery. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint, consisting of mortality and severe complications. The secondary endpoints include the incidence of organ dysfunction, the number of surgical procedures, mortality (the incidence of death in hospital and deaths within 30 days of discharge), hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, hospitalization costs, perioperative inflammatory marker changes, and short-and long-term complications. DISCUSSION Compared with the "Step-up," the "One-step" minimally invasive surgery can significantly reduce the number of operations, reduce the length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs without increasing the incidence of composite endpoint events, and has better short- and long-term efficacy and safety. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in perioperative complications and mortality between "Step-up" and "One-step". This study will assist with the formulation of an effective and scientific "One-step" minimally invasive treatment strategy for IPN, and an understanding of this technique will facilitate clinical decision-making for IPN. Trial Registration ChiCTR2100044348. Trial status: Ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongdi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentong Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxu Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haichen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yeqing Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Chang-chun street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Zeng QX, Wu ZH, Huang DL, Huang YS, Zhong HJ. Association Between Ascites and Clinical Findings in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Study. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e933196. [PMID: 34737257 PMCID: PMC8577037 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complications are the most important outcome determinants for acute pancreatitis (AP). We designed this single-center retrospective study to evaluate the clinical findings (complications, disease severity, and outcomes) of 218 patients with AP and to identify variables associated with ascites. MATERIAL AND METHODS We extracted clinical data from consecutive patients with AP and divided them into 2 groups based on presence or absence of ascites. We compared disease severity, complications, and outcomes between groups. RESULTS We analyzed data from 218 patients with AP (43 with ascites and 175 without it). The patients with ascites had a more severe disease (higher incidence of pancreatic inflammation [90.70% vs 68.57%; P=0.003], higher modified computed tomography severity index score [2.00 (0.00-2.00) vs 4.00 (4.00-6.00); P<0.001], higher incidence of moderate/severe AP [53.49% vs 13.14%; P<0.001]) and poorer outcomes (higher incidence of ventilation [6.98% vs 0.57%; P=0.025] and vasopressor use [4.65% vs 0%; P=0.038], and longer hospital stays [10.00 (7.00-13.00) vs 8.00 (5.00-10.00); P=0.007]) than those without ascites. Moreover, patients with ascites also displayed a higher risk for pancreatic fluid collection (odds ratio [OR]=9.206; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.613-32.447; P<0.001), renal failure (OR=5.732; 95% CI, 1.025-32.041; P=0.024), respiratory failure (OR=6.242; 95% CI, 1.034-37.654; P=0.029), and pleural effusion (OR=5.186; 95% CI, 1.381-19.483; P<0.001) than those without ascites. CONCLUSIONS The findings from the experience of a single center of patients with AP showed that pancreatic fluid collections, renal failure, respiratory failure, and pleural effusion were associated with the development of ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Xiang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dong-Liang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ye-Sheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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16
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Percutaneous catheter drainage of pancreatic associated pathologies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2021; 144:109978. [PMID: 34607289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main goal of this systematic review was to assess the technical and clinical success, adverse events (AEs), surgery, and overall mortality proportion after percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) of two pancreatic lesions. METHODS An extant search in online databases including Scopus, PubMed (Medline), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar, was conducted to recognize all studies that used PCD intervention in the management of pancreatic necrosis (PN) and pancreatic pseudocysts (PP). Random effects meta-analysis was performed, and Cochrane's Q test and I2statistic were utilized to determine heterogeneity. In addition, meta-regression was used to explore the influence of categorical variables on heterogeneity. RESULTS Thirty-two studies (1398 patients) including PN in 26 (1256 cases, 89.8%) studies and PP in 6 (142 cases, 10.2%) studies were identified. Technical success proportion was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 100%-100%, I2: 0.0%), clinical success 63% (95% CI 55%-71%, I2: 92.9%), AEs 26% (95% CI 21%-31%, I2: 78%), surgery after PCD intervention 33% (95% CI 25%-40%, I2: 92.4%), and overall mortality was 13% (95% CI 9%-17%, I2: 82.8%). The most common ADs after PCD intervention were development of fistula (106, 42.6%), hemorrhage (44, 17.7%), sepsis (40, 16.1%). CONCLUSION A significant clinical success proportion with low AEs, surgery, and overall mortality proportion after PCD intervention was found, although the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity.
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17
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Dani L, Carbonaro G, Natta F, Cavuoti G, Vaudano GP, Boghi A, Festa F, Cestino L, Soncini S, Quaglino F. Treatment of Acute Necrotising Pancreatitis and Its Complications: The Surgeon's Perspective. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2021; 15:759-764. [PMID: 34594177 PMCID: PMC8436666 DOI: 10.1159/000517935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute necrotising pancreatitis (ANP) is associated with high complication and mortality rates. It is still difficult for the surgeon to choose and schedule the most appropriate treatment. Compared to the past, the current minimally invasive "step-up" approach enables better outcomes in terms of morbidity/mortality, notwithstanding long periods of hospitalisation, and above all ensures better levels of residual pancreatic function. We hereby report the case of a patient hospitalised in our division for approximately 4 months with a diagnosis of ANP complicated by infection and late bleeding, handled with a sequential approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dani
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Carbonaro
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Natta
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cavuoti
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Boghi
- Neuroradiology, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Festa
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Cestino
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Soncini
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Quaglino
- General Surgery, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Torino, Italy
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18
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Chandrasekhara V, Elhanafi S, Storm AC, Takahashi N, Lee NJ, Levy MJ, Kaura K, Wang L, Majumder S, Vege SS, Law RJ, Abu Dayyeh BK. Predicting the Need for Step-Up Therapy After EUS-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections With Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2192-2198. [PMID: 33965573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A significant proportion of individuals with pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) require step-up therapy after endoscopic drainage with lumen-apposing metal stents. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with PFCs that require step-up therapy. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of PFCs with lumen-apposing metal stents from April 2014 to October 2019 at a single center was performed. Step-up therapy included direct endoscopic necrosectomy, additional drainage site (endoscopic or percutaneous), or surgical intervention after the initial drainage procedure. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using a backward stepwise approach with a P ≤ .2 threshold for variable retention to identify factors predictive for the need for step-up therapy. RESULTS One hundred thirty-six patients were included in the final study cohort, of whom 69 (50.7%) required step-up therapy. Independent predictors of step-up therapy included: collection size measuring ≥10 cm (odds ratio [OR], 8.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.36-23.61), paracolic extension of the PFC (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.60-10.23), and ≥30% solid necrosis (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.48-12.16). In a sensitivity analysis of 81 patients with walled-off necrosis, 51 (63.0%) required step-up therapy. Similarly, factors predictive of the need for step-up therapy for walled-off necrosis included: collection size measuring ≥10 cm (OR, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.76-27.45), paracolic extension of the PFC (OR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.18-12.14), and ≥30% solid necrosis (OR, 7.10; 95% CI, 1.16-43.48). CONCLUSIONS Half of all patients with PFCs drained with lumen-apposing metal stents required step-up therapy, most commonly direct endoscopic necrosectomy. Individuals with PFCs ≥10 cm in size, paracolic extension, or ≥30% solid necrosis are more likely to require step-up therapy and should be considered for early endoscopic reintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherif Elhanafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andrew C Storm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Nam Ju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karan Kaura
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lillian Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shounak Majumder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Santhi S Vege
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ryan J Law
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Rana SS, Sharma R, Kishore K, Dhalaria L, Gupta R. Safety and Efficacy of Early (<4 Weeks of Illness) Endoscopic Transmural Drainage of Post-acute Pancreatic Necrosis Predominantly Located in the Body of the Pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:2328-2335. [PMID: 33547585 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-04945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic transmural drainage is usually not performed for pancreatic necrotic collection (PNC) < 4 weeks after onset of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) because of lack of encapsulating wall and increased risk of complications. OBJECTIVE Study safety and efficacy of early (<4 weeks) endoscopic transluminal drainage in patients with symptomatic PNC. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data base of patients with PNC treated with endoscopic transmural drainage within 4 weeks of onset of ANP (early drainage) was done. The outcomes and complications were compared with patients with PNC who underwent delayed endoscopic drainage (≥4 weeks of onset of ANP). RESULTS Thirty-four patients (26 males; mean age: 35.9 ± 8.6 years) underwent early and 136 patients (115 males; mean age: 37.9 ± 9.4 years) underwent delayed endoscopic drainage. The PNC was significantly larger (12.3 ± 2.1 cm vs 10.5 ± 2.7 cm, p <0.001) with increased solid component (47.7 ± 8.9% vs 28.3 ± 11.7%, p <0.001) in the early group. Clinical success was achieved in 94% patients in the early group and all patients in the delayed group. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy was performed more frequently in the early group (50% vs 7.4%; p<0.001). There was increased mortality (5.7% vs 0%), need for rescue surgical necrosectomy (5.7% vs 0%), and clinically significant bleeding (20% vs 1.5%, p<0.001) in the early group as compared to the delayed group. CONCLUSION Early endoscopic drainage of PNC is feasible and seems to be safe as well as effective but is associated with increased risk of complications as compared to delayed drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Singh Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Ravi Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kamal Kishore
- Department of Biostatistics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Lovneet Dhalaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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20
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Bhargava V, Gupta R, Vaswani P, Jha B, Rana SS, Gorsi U, Kang M, Gupta R. Streptokinase irrigation through a percutaneous catheter helps decrease the need for necrosectomy and reduces mortality in necrotizing pancreatitis as part of a step-up approach. Surgery 2021; 170:1532-1537. [PMID: 34127302 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous catheter drainage in pancreatic necrosis with a predominant solid component has a reduced success rate. To improve the efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage, we used streptokinase in the irrigation fluid in the present study. METHODS In this retrospective analysis of 4 prospective randomized studies performed at our center from 2014 to 2019, 108 patients were evaluated. We assessed the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of streptokinase irrigation compared to saline irrigation. Data were also analyzed between 50,000 IU and 150,000 IU streptokinase. RESULTS There were 53 patients in the streptokinase irrigation group and 55 in the saline irrigation group, and both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, etiology, APACHE II score, and percutaneous catheter drainage characteristics. The modified computerised tomography severity index and modified Marshall score at the onset of pain were significantly higher in the streptokinase group. Sepsis reversal was significantly higher in the streptokinase group (75% vs 36%), and the need for necrosectomy (34% vs 54%) was also lower in the streptokinase group. Mortality was lower in the streptokinase group than in the saline group (32% vs 40%). The incidence of bleeding in the streptokinase group was lower than that in the saline group (7% vs 18%). A higher dose of streptokinase (150,000 IU) resulted in lower rates of necrosectomy, bleeding, and mortality compared to those with 50,000 IU streptokinase. CONCLUSION Significant reductions in the need for surgery and sepsis reversal were noted in the streptokinase group. The results using 150,000 IU streptokinase were superior to those using 50,000 IU streptokinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Bhargava
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Vaswani
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhairavi Jha
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surinder Singh Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujwal Gorsi
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Kang
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Wu Z, Lu G, Zhang L, Ke L, Yuan C, Ma N, Yu X, Guo X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Hu S, Wu D, Li W. Protectin D1 decreases pancreatitis severity in mice by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107486. [PMID: 33639566 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid-derived protectin D1 (PD1) was identified critical in the resolution of inflammation in vivo, where it modulates the innate immune response and stimulates resolution. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by local pancreatic inflammation with mild forms whereas systemic inflammation with severe forms. Herein we investigate the impact of PD1 in murine models of pancreatitis. METHODS Three independent AP models, which induced in male mice via intraperitoneal injection of caerulein, L-arginine or pancreatic duct ligation, were used to confirm the protective effect of PD1. Infiltrationsof neutrophils and macrophages in pancreas were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo neutrophil extracellular traps formation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in activated neutrophils was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Systemic treatment with PD1 reduced serum activities of amylase and lipase, blunted the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in serum and protected against pancreas histologic damage in three AP models. PD1 also prolonged the survival in the pancreatic duct ligation model. Moreover, pancreatic infiltrationofneutrophils and neutrophil CitH3 expression were reduced after PD1 administration. In vitro studies revealed PD1 decreased supernatant cell-free DNA and CitH3 levels and downregulated PAD4 expression in mouse bone-marrow derived neutrophils. However, in the caerulein mice pretreated with GSK484 hydrochloride, an inhibitor of PAD4, PD1 treatment showed no more protective effect. CONCLUSIONS PD1 ameliorates AP by decreasing early infiltration of neutrophils into the pancreas and neutrophil extracellular traps formation through PAD4. These results supply the foundation to consider PD1 as a therapy for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianqiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Dang JQ, Jia TJ, Zhang ZQ, Gong XL, Wang HY, Ren YS. Efficacy of large-volume lavage through a double-lumen drainage tube and continuous negative pressure drainage for infectious pancreatic necrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:21-28. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is usually treated by surgery. However, the drainage of residual tissues still has problems such as insufficient drainage and easy blockage of the drainage tube. In this study, we compared the efficacy of large-volume lavage through a peripancreatic double-lumen drainage tube and continuous negative pressure drainage vs conventional drainage for IPN.
AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of large-volume lavage through a peripancreatic double-lumen drainage tube and continuous negative pressure drainage for IPN after operation.
METHODS The clinical data of 57 cases of IPN who received surgical treatment at the Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan from June 2015 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the method of postoperative drainage used, the patients were divided into either a double-lumen drainage tube group or a conventional drainage tube group.
RESULTS The two groups had no significant differences in demographic data, etiology and severity of pancreatitis, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of intensive care unit stay. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the number of reversals of postoperative continuous organ failure (84.21% vs 56.25%, P = 0.13) and the incidence of serious complications (16.67% vs 33.33%, P = 0.14). The overall mortality rate was 12.28%. The mortality rate was higher in the conventional drainage tube group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.17). Compared to the conventional drainage tube group, the double-lumen drainage tube group had significantly reduced APACHEⅡ score (8.03 ± 2.13 vs 3.85 ± 1.29, P < 0.01) and reoperation cases (0 vs 22.22%, P = 0.008), shorter hospitalization, more unobstructed drainage tubes, and earlier removal of drainage tubes (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION Large volume lavage through a double-lumen drainage tube and continuous negative pressure drainage is an effective method for IPN, which can be used to treat IPN effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Dang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan 727031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting-Jie Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan 727031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan 727031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan 727031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Shun Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan 727031, Shaanxi Province, China
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Hegab YH, El Shewy AH, Refaat DO, El Shewail AEM. Retroperitoneal necrosectomy using lavage circuit as a new technique in the management of pancreatic infected walled off necrosis (WON): A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 79:169-171. [PMID: 33482442 PMCID: PMC7819815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infected WON cases are representing as challenging. Step up approach is better than open necrosectomy in the treatment of infected WON. Retroperitoneal necrosectomy represents a 2nd step in the step up approach. Retroperitoneal necrosectomy using lavage circuit reduce the possible bleeding risk. Retroperitoneal necrosectomy using lavage circuit is a simple and easy modification of VARD.
Introduction Walled off necrosis (WON) is clarified according to the revised Atlanta classification, 2013, as a late phase complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Not all cases with WON need intervention but, if indicated both open approach and minimally invasive techniques were clarified. We are discussing here, a case presented to us with infected WON. We adopted the step up approach as the main line of treatment; the case was managed by percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) followed by retroperitoneal necrosectomy using lavage circuit. Case presentation Diabetic male patient aged 58 year old gave to us with left hypochondrial pain accompanied with easy fatigability and poorly controlled DM. The patient had an attack of acute pancreatitis (AP) 2 months before admission. Abdominal CECT revealed infected WON. The case was managed successfully by retroperitoneal necrozectomy using lavage circuit after failure of PCD. Discussion A step up approach is followed for determining the optimal interventional strategy for patients presented with infected necrosis. We adopt retroperitoneal debridement using lavage circuit as a 2nd step in this approach. The concept of this technique is to facilitate the detachment of necrotic tissue using the force of saline while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Conclusion Infected WON cases are representing as challenging, we require to get rid of the necrotic material with infected fluid and reduce the hazard of complications. In this technique, we have the advantage of retroperitoneal necrosectomy where we can remove only the loose necrotic tissue by saline force and so, reduce the possible bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doaa Omar Refaat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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24
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Hegab YH, Hassan AO, Metwalli AEM, Awad JR, Orban YA. Adherence to the evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis: A case series. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:906-914. [PMID: 33395922 PMCID: PMC7749290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders; the annual worldwide incidence for AP is 4.9-73.4 cases / 100,000 people and the total mortality rate is 4-8%, increasing to 33% in patients with infected necrosis. This study aims to assess the outcome of providing standardized evidence-based care to patients with acute biliary pancreatitis. METHODS Thirty patients diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis, were enrolled in this study and managed according to the Japanese guidelines, 2015 with a complementary scope on other recent guidelines. RESULTS Out of 30 patients in the study, 60% were females. Twenty-five cases were presented in the early phase of the disease while the rest presented in the late phase. Gallstones were the commonest cause (80%). The complications encountered were a systemic complication in one case, organ failure in three cases, and the local complications in the form of fluid collections in (43.3%) of cases.Out of 30 patients, 6 patients had an intervention. The main approach was minimally invasive techniques (4 cases), Open approach was performed in 2 cases. The total mortality rate was 10%. Most mild cases were discharged within one week from admission. Cases readmitted with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis were 3 cases, one male and 2 females. CONCLUSION By applying guidelines in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis, we can reduce disease-related morbidity and mortality. Besides, we can reduce the costs of medical services with the proper investment of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Osama Hassan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Joseph Ri Awad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Yasser A Orban
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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25
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Reply to Letter to Editor-"Catheter-Related Complications of Percutaneous Drainage in Step-up Approach for Management of Pancreatic Necrosis". J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:2431-2432. [PMID: 32542553 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Tu J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Xu Q, Ke L, Tong Z, Li W, Li J. Comparison of pancreatic function and quality of life between patients with infected pancreatitis necrosis undergoing open necrosectomy and minimally invasive drainage: A long-term study. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:75. [PMID: 32968432 PMCID: PMC7500036 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether a difference in pancreatic function and quality of life (QoL) is present between patients with infected pancreatitis necrosis (IPN) undergoing open necrosectomy (ON) and minimally invasive drainage (MID). The medical records of patients with IPN discharged from Jinling Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Pancreatic function and QoL were compared between patients treated with ON and MID. Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function were assessed using the oral glucose tolerance test and fecal elastase-1 (FE-1) test, respectively. The standard Short Form 36 health questionnaire was used to evaluate the QoL of patients. The analysis included 101 patients who underwent either ON (n=40, 39.6%) or MID (n=61, 60.4%). There were no significant differences in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function between the two groups evaluated based on FE-1, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and 2-h plasma glucose (P<0.05). The scores of the QoL questionnaire were significantly higher in patients treated with MID than in patients treated with ON, including the scores of general health perception (19.39±3.07 vs. 17.37±3.63, P=0.003), vitality (18.93±2.88 vs. 17.57±3.47, P=0.035), social role functioning (8.85±1.43 vs. 8.15±1.98, P=0.042), emotional role functioning (5.33±1.07 vs. 4.82±1.25, P=0.034), mental health (24.21±3.31 vs. 22.57±3.91, P=0.026) and the total QoL score (125.12±13.16 vs. 116.50±16.94, P=0.005). In conclusion, although the initial health of the patient may have influenced the treatment provided, patients with IPN who received MID achieved a better post-treatment QoL than those treated with ON. No significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Tu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Akesu First People's Hospital, Akesu, Xinjiang 843000, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ke
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Heckler M, Hackert T, Hu K, Halloran CM, Büchler MW, Neoptolemos JP. Severe acute pancreatitis: surgical indications and treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2020; 406:521-535. [PMID: 32910276 PMCID: PMC8106572 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-01944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an acute inflammatory attack of the pancreas of sudden onset. Around 25% of patients have either moderately severe or severe disease with a mortality rate of 15–20%. Purpose The aim of this article was to summarize the advances being made in the understanding of this disease and the important role of surgery. Results and conclusions An accurate diagnosis should be made a soon as possible, initiating resuscitation with large volume intravenous fluids and oxygen by mask. Predicted severe disease will require intensive monitoring. Most deaths within the first week are due to multi-organ failure; thus, these patients will require intensive therapy unit management. During the second phase of the disease, death is due to local complications arising from the pancreatic inflammation, requiring accurate identification to determine the correct form of treatment. Acute peripancreatic fluid collections arise < 4 weeks after onset of interstitial edematous pancreatitis, not requiring any treatment. Most pancreatic pseudocysts arise > 4 weeks and largely resolve on conservative management. Necrotizing pancreatitis causing acute necrotic collections and later walled-off necrosis will require treatment if symptomatic or infected. Initial endoscopic transgastric or percutaneous drainage will resolve less serious collections but necrosectomy using minimally invasive approaches will be needed for more serious collections. To prevent recurrent attacks of AP, causative factors need to be removed where possible such as cholecystectomy and cessation of alcohol. Future progress requires improved management of multi-organ failure and more effective minimally invasive techniques for the removal of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Heckler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Cristopher M Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Leonard-Murali S, Lezotte J, Kalu R, Blyden DJ, Patton JH, Johnson JL, Gupta AH. Necrotizing pancreatitis: A review for the acute care surgeon. Am J Surg 2020; 221:927-934. [PMID: 32878690 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing pancreatitis is a common condition with high mortality; the acute care surgeon is frequently consulted for management recommendations. Furthermore, there has been substantial change in the timing, approach, and frequency of surgical intervention for this group of patients. METHODS In this article we summarize key clinical and research developments regarding necrotizing pancreatitis, including current recommendations for treatment of patients requiring intensive care and those with common complications. Articles from all years were considered to provide proper historical context, and most recent management recommendations are identified. RESULTS Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment in the acute phase, and complications (both short-term and long-term) are discussed. Images of surgical interventions are included from our institutional experience. CONCLUSION Necrotizing pancreatitis management remains heavily based on clinical judgement, although technological advances and clinical trials have made decision making more straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Leonard-Murali
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Jonathan Lezotte
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Richard Kalu
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Dionne J Blyden
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Joe H Patton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Arielle H Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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29
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Xie X, Dong J, Lu G, Gao K, Li X, Mao W, Chen F, Tong Z, Li B, Li W. Increased circulating total bile acid levels were associated with organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:222. [PMID: 32660430 PMCID: PMC7359019 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that bile acids (BAs) are closely related to metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Our study aimed to investigate whether circulating total bile acid (TBA) levels were associated with the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods We retrospectively collected data on patients diagnosed with AP in a tertiary center from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. The highest TBA value during the first 1,2,3,5,7 days after admission was determined as D1, D2, D3, D5, D7 TBAmax. Patients were divided into the high TBA (HTBA) group and the normal TBA (NTBA) group according to whether the TBAmax was ≥10 μmol/L. The prognosis and complications, including death, organ failure (OF) and pancreatic necrosis, were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the relationship between circulating TBA and organ failure in AP patients. Results Through stratified analysis of each time period, we found that the incidence of OF in the HTBA group was significantly higher than that in the NTBA group, and the AP severity classification in the HTBA group was more serious than that in the NTBA group. In addition, according to the D7 TBAmax values, the pancreatic necrosis rate, percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) rate and mortality in the HTBA group were higher than those in the NTBA group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that HTBA (odds ratio (OR), 4.894; P = 0.002) was an independent risk factor for AP complicated with OF, which was verified in the grouping based on D7 TBAmax. ROC analysis revealed that a circulating D7 TBAmax cutoff point of 6.450 umol/L had optimal predictive value for the development of OF in AP patients with an area under the curve of the ROC curve (AUCROC) of 0.777. Conclusions The increase of circulating TBA in early stage of AP is independently related to organ failure, which indicates the adverse prognosis of AP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xie
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, South Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxi Chen
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baiqiang Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China. .,Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China. .,Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, South Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) has multiple presentations, not all patients are likely to benefit from the same first-line treatment. Our objective was to evaluate morbidity and mortality in a series of patients treated with a multimodal therapeutic approach. METHODS Between May 2012 and May 2019, 51 patients diagnosed with IPN were treated. The 5 initial treatment alternatives were as follows: percutaneous drainage, minimally invasive necrosectomy, antibiotics alone, transgastric necrosectomy, and temporizing percutaneous/endoscopic drainage. Initial treatment selection depended on evolution, clinical condition, and extension of pancreatic necrosis. Success, morbidity, and mortality rates were determined. RESULTS In terms of determinant-based classification, 37 were classified as severe, and 14 as critical. Percutaneous, temporizing drainage, minimally invasive necrosectomy, antibiotics alone and transgastric necrosectomy approaches were used in 21, 10, 11, 4, and 5 patients, respectively. Necrosectomy was not required in 18 patients (35%). There were no significant differences in mortality among the different treatment approaches (P < 0.45). Overall success, morbidity, and mortality rates were 68.6%, 52.9%, and 7.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The multimodal approach seems to be a rational and efficient strategy for the initial treatment of IPN.
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Liu ZW, Yang SZ, Wang PF, Feng J, He L, Du JD, Xiao YY, Jiao HB, Zhou FH, Song Q, Zhou MT, Xin XL, Chen JY, Ren WZ, Lu SC, Cai SW, Dong JH. Minimal-access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a multicentre study of a step-up approach. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1344-1353. [PMID: 32449154 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various minimally invasive approaches have been described for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. This article describes a modified minimal-access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy (MARPN) procedure assisted by gas insufflation. METHODS This retrospective, observational study documented patients who had undergone a step-up MARPN between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. A minimum follow-up of 1 year was required for inclusion. The step-up approach involved percutaneous catheter drainage followed by the modified MARPN and necrosectomy. If more than one access site was needed it was categorized as complex MARPN. RESULTS Of 212 patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis, 164 (77·4 per cent) underwent a step-up approach. The median number of percutaneous catheter drains and MARPN procedures was 3 (range 1-7) and 1 (1-6) respectively. Ninety patients (54·9 per cent) underwent complex MARPN. For residual necrosis after MARPN, three patients (1·8 per cent) underwent sinus tract gastroscopy, and 11 (6·7 per cent) had sinography combined with a tube change. However, operations in 13 patients (7·9 per cent) required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications developed in 103 patients (62·8 per cent). The mortality rate was 6·1 per cent (10 deaths). CONCLUSION A step-up approach using a modified MARPN for infected necrotizing pancreatitis is a reasonable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-W Liu
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - S-Z Yang
- Centre of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - P-F Wang
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - J Feng
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - L He
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - J-D Du
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing, China
| | - H-B Jiao
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - F-H Zhou
- Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Q Song
- Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - M-T Zhou
- Pancreatitis Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - X-L Xin
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - J-Y Chen
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - W-Z Ren
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - S-C Lu
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - S-W Cai
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - J-H Dong
- Centre of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Gurakar M, Faghih M, Singh VK. Endoscopic intervention in pancreatitis: perspectives from a gastroenterologist. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1308-1315. [PMID: 31768596 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a dramatic paradigm shift for the treatment of pancreatitis and its related complications away from surgery to minimally invasive endoscopic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the indications, techniques and outcomes of endoscopic interventions in the management of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Emphasis is placed on drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Gurakar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatitis Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahya Faghih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatitis Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatitis Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Complications of Percutaneous Drainage in Step-Up Approach for Management of Pancreatic Necrosis: Experience of 10 Years from a Tertiary Care Center. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:598-609. [PMID: 31845144 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) as initial intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis has led to improved outcomes and obviated need for surgery in a significant proportion. However, there can be difficulty in accessing deep-seated necrotic collections by percutaneous catheter and complications are likely. METHODS The present study involves a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis managed by a step-up approach. All patients who underwent PCD were studied for catheter-related complications. RESULTS A total of 707 PCD catheters were used in 314 patients (median 2, interquartile range IQR 1-3). The total number of interventions were 1194 (median 3, IQR 2-5). Enteric communication was seen in 8.9%, of which colonic fistula occurred in 71.4%, duodenal in 17.8%, and jejunal in 10.7% of patients. Majority (78.5%) of the fistulae were managed conservatively by withdrawal of the drain. Operative management was required in 30% of colonic and 40% of duodenal fistulae. Need for surgery, length of hospital stay, and mortality were not significantly different between patients with and without fistulae. Bleeding complications were seen in 7.3% of patients, out of which 34.7% were managed conservatively, 21.7% required angioembolization of pseudo-aneurysms, and 34.7% needed surgery. Patients with bleeding had significantly higher requirement for surgery and mechanical ventilation compared to those with no bleeding. There was no significant increase in hospital stay, ICU stay, and mortality. CONCLUSION Hollow viscus and vascular injuries are important complications seen with catheter drainage of necrotic collections. Majority of patients with enteric communication were managed conservatively, with no added morbidity or mortality. Bleeding complications related to PCD had higher requirement for surgical intervention, but mortality rates remained similar to those of patients with no bleeding complications.
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Safety and efficacy of early image-guided percutaneous interventions in acute severe necrotizing pancreatitis: A single-center retrospective study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2019; 38:480-487. [PMID: 32002829 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-019-00969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is managed conservatively in early phase of the disease. Even minimally invasive procedure is preferred after 21 days of onset and there is a paucity of data on decision and outcomes of early radiological interventions. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of early image-guided percutaneous interventions in management of acute severe necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS A single-center retrospective study was performed after obtaining Institutional review board approval for analyzing hospital records of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis from January 2012 to July 2017. Seventy-eight consecutive patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and acute necrotic collections (ANC) were managed with percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and catheter-directed necrosectomy, in early phase of the disease (< 21 days). Clinical data and laboratory parameters of the included patients were evaluated until discharge from hospital, or mortality. RESULTS Overall survival rate was 73.1%. Forty-two (53.8%) patients survived with PCD alone, while the remaining 15 (19.2%) survivors needed additional necrosectomy. The timing of intervention from the start of the hospitalization to drainage was 14.3 ± 2.4 days. Significant risk factors for mortality were the presence of organ system failure, need for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score. An APACHE II score cutoff value of 15 was a significant discriminant for predicting survival with catheter-directed necrosectomy. CONCLUSION An early PCD of ANC in clinically deteriorating patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, along with aggressive catheter-directed necrosectomy can avoid surgical interventions, and improve outcome in a significant proportion of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
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Kumar M, Kandhasamy SC, Sahoo AK, Amaranathan A, Goneppanavar M, Nelamangala Ramakrishnaiah VP. Pigtail catheter drainage and surgery in severe acute pancreatitis. JGH OPEN 2019; 3:429-434. [PMID: 31633050 PMCID: PMC6788367 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Severe acute pancreatitis is initially managed with conservative treatment. Patients who failed conservative management were effectively treated with pigtail drainage. Factors predicting surgery remain uncertain. Methods A total of 58 patients with severe acute pancreatitis presenting to JIPMER Hospital were studied and managed with a step‐up approach. In this prospective observational study, patients were divided into three groups based on the final mode of treatment received: conservative, pigtail alone, and surgery groups. Results Of 58 patients, 30 patients were managed with conservative treatment, 20 patients with pigtail alone, and 8 patients underwent surgical treatment after pigtail failure. Overall sepsis reversal was achieved in 22 of 28 (78.5%) patients: 18 were in the pigtail alone group, and 4 were in surgery group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Respiratory failure was the most common organ failure, 68.9%, and overall mortality was 8.62 in this study. On univariate analysis, absence of sepsis reversal within 2 weeks of pigtail insertion is a predictor of need of surgery. Other significant findings were higher catheter‐related complications in the surgery group (P = 0.01) and a 100% unimicrobial infection in the surgery group (P = 0.02). Overall mortality was 8.6%, which did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion The step‐up approach avoided unnecessary intervention, and 52% patients recovered by conservative treatment alone. Sepsis reversal within 2 weeks of pigtail insertion can be used as a predictor of surgery in the early course of severe acute pancreatitis managed by the step‐up approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Surgery Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Surgery Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India
| | - Anandhi Amaranathan
- Department of Surgery Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India
| | - Mangala Goneppanavar
- Department of Pathology Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Puducherry India
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Xie X, Yuan C, Yin L, Zhu Q, Ma N, Chen W, Ding Y, Xiao W, Gong W, Lu G, Xu Z, Li W. NQDI-1 protects against acinar cell necrosis in three experimental mouse models of acute pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:211-217. [PMID: 31587872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NQDI-1, an inhibitor of ASK1, has been reported to have protective effects in several experimental human disease models. However, the role of NQDI-1 in acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been reported. In this study, we found that NQDI-1 could attenuate histological damage of pancreatic tissue as well as the levels of serum amylase and lipase in a mouse model of AP induced by caerulein. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of necrosis-related proteins (RIP3 and p-MLKL) were also reduced after NQDI-1 administration. Correspondingly, we elucidated the effect of NQDI-1 in vitro and found that NQDI-1 protected against pancreatic acinar cells necrosis via decreasing the ROS production and RIP3 and p-MLKL expression. In addition, we identified the protective effect of NQDI-1 on AP through two other mouse models induced by l-arginine and pancreatic duct ligation. Taken together, these findings showed that NQDI-1 could reduce the acinar cells necrosis and alleviate the severity of AP, which may afford a new therapeutic target on pancreatic necrosis in AP clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingtian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenglei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, PLA Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Predrainage and Postdrainage Prognostic Nomograms to Predict Outcome of Percutaneous Drainage for Infected Pancreatic and Peripancreatic Necrotic Collections. Pancreas 2019; 48:1212-1219. [PMID: 31593016 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify factors affecting outcome of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in management of infected pancreatic necrosis treated with step-up approach. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective cohort study that included patients with infected necrosis undergoing PCD as initial intervention. Patients who did not respond underwent necrosectomy. Predictors of PCD failure (ie, mortality or need for necrosectomy) were analyzed. Models were constructed for predrainage and postdrainage use and were internally validated. RESULTS Of 304 patients included, catheter drainage was successful in 59.8%, with overall mortality of 22%. Predrainage model consisted of Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at admission, early organ failure, and pancreatic necrosis of greater than 50%. Postdrainage model consisted of Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II at first PCD, early organ failure, pancreatic necrosis of greater than 50%, sepsis reversal within 1 week of PCD and Escherichia coli in PCD culture. Both models were internally validated with area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 71.2% for pre-PCD and 81.2% for post-PCD model. Prognostic nomograms were constructed using the models. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous catheter drainage alone was successful in 59.8% with mortality of 22%. The nomograms can help in guiding treatment strategy and referral of high-risk cases.
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The prevalence of venous thromboembolism in rectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:849-860. [PMID: 30824975 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Venous thromboembolism (VTE) following rectal surgery is a significant and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet the true prevalence is not well established. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the available literature and determined its prevalence following rectal surgery. METHODS A systematic review assessed the prevalence of VTE following rectal surgery. In addition, we evaluated whether subgroups (open vs. minimally invasive or benign vs. malignant resections) impacted on its prevalence or rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). RESULT Thirty-eight studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. The aggregate prevalence of VTE following rectal surgery was 1.25% (95% CI 0.86-1.63), with DVT and PE occurring in 0.68% (95% CI 0.48-0.89) and 0.57% (95% CI 0.47-0.68) of patients. VTE following cancer and benign resection was 1.59% (95% CI 0.60-1.23 and 1.5% (95% CI 0.89-2.12) respectively. The prevalence of VTE in patients having minimally invasive resection was lower than those having open surgery [0.58% (16/2770) vs. 2.22% (250/11278); RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.86]. CONCLUSION This review observed that there is sparse evidence on prevalence of VTE following rectal surgery. It provides aggregated data and analysis of available literature, showing overall prevalence is low, especially in those having minimally invasive procedures.
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Abstract
Walled of pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is a new term coined for encapsulated fluid collection developing after acute necrotising pancreatitis (ANP). It is a heterogeneous collection containing varying amount of liquid as well as solid necrotic material. The literature on its natural history as well as appropriate management is gradually expanding thereby improving treatment outcomes of this enigmatic disease. Areas covered: This review discusses currently available literature on etiology, frequency, natural history, and imaging features WOPN. Also, updated treatment options including endoscopic, radiological and surgical drainage are discussed. Expert opinion: WOPN is alocal complication of ANP occurring in the delayed phase of ANP and may be asymptomatic (50%) or present with pain, fever, jaundice, or gastric outlet obstruction. Natural courses of asymptomatic WOPN have been infrequently studied, and it appears that the majority remain asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound are the best imaging modalities to evaluate solid necrotic debris. Symptomatic WOPN usually needs immediate drainage, this can be done endoscopically, radiologically, or surgically. Current evidence suggests that endoscopic transluminal drainage is the preferred drainage technique as it is effective and associated with lower mortality, risk of organ failure, adverse effects, and length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Singh Rana
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India
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Impact of timing of presentation of acute pancreatitis to a tertiary care centre on the outcome. Pancreatology 2019; 19:143-148. [PMID: 30366676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite improvement in outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP), some subgroups remain at increased risk. We studied the impact of onset-to-admission interval to a tertiary care centre on outcomes in AP. METHODS Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with first episode of AP admitted between 2009 and 2017 on the basis of onset-to-admission interval: ≤7 days, 8-21 days and >21 days was done. Patients were assessed for severity and managed using a step-up approach. Primary outcome measures were surgical necrosectomy and mortality. RESULTS Of 745 patients (age 39.26 ± 13.18 yrs, 69% male), 380 (51%) had presented ≤7 days, 229 (30.7%) between 8 and 21 days and 136 (18.3%) >21 days after pain onset. Severe pancreatitis was highest in 8-21 days group (129; 56.3%) followed by ≤ 7 days (166; 43.7%) and >21 days of illness (52; 38.2%).Surgical intervention rates were highest in the 8-21 days group(14%) followed by > 21 days (12.5%) and ≤7 days (6.6%) respectively (p = 0.007). Also, mortality was highest in patients with onset to admission interval of 8-21 days (24%) followed by > 21 days (15.4%) and ≤7 days (14.2%) (P = 0.007). On the multivariate analysis, age, late presentation, and the presence of organ failure were found to predict the mortality. CONCLUSION Patients presenting between 8 and 21 days after onset perform poorly than those presenting earlier or later than them in terms of severity, organ failure, need for surgery and mortality although organ failure remains the most important determinant of outcome. This data can help in devising guidelines for referral of such patients.
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Early (<4 Weeks) Versus Standard (≥ 4 Weeks) Endoscopically Centered Step-Up Interventions for Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113:1550-1558. [PMID: 30279466 DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current guidelines for necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) recommend delay in drainage ± necrosectomy until 4 or more weeks after initial presentation to allow collections to wall off. However, evidence of infection with clinical deterioration despite maximum support may mandate earlier (<4 weeks) intervention. There are concerns, but scant data regarding risk of complications and outcomes with early endoscopic intervention. Our aim was to compare the results of an endoscopic centered step-up approach to NP when initiated before versus 4 or more weeks. METHODS All patients undergoing intervention for NP were managed using an endoscopically centered step-up approach, with transluminal drainage whenever feasible, ±necrosectomy, and/or percutaneous catheter drainage as needed, with surgery only for failures. Interventions were categorized as early or standard based on timing of intervention (<4 weeks or ≥ 4 weeks from onset of pancreatitis). Demographic data, indications and timing for interventions, number and type of intervention, mortality and morbidity (length of stay in hospital and ICU) and complications were compared. RESULTS Of 305 patients with collections associated with NP, 193 (63%) (median age-52 years) required intervention, performed by a step-up approach. Of the 193 patients, 76 patients underwent early and 117 patients standard intervention. 144 (75%) interventions included endoscopic drainage ± necrosectomy. As compared with standard intervention, early intervention was more often performed for infection (91% vs. 39%, p < 0.05), more associated with acute kidney injury (43% vs. 32%, p = 0.09), respiratory failure (41% vs. 22%, p = 0.005), and shock (13% vs. 4%, p < 0.05). Organ failure improved significantly after intervention in both groups. There was a significant difference in mortality (13% vs. 4%, p = 0.02) and need for rescue open necrosectomy (7% vs. 1%, p = 0.03) between groups. Patients undergoing early intervention had increased median hospital (37 days vs. 26 days, p = 0.01) and ICU stay (median 2.5 days vs. 0 days, p = 0.001). There was no difference in complications. CONCLUSIONS When using an endoscopically centered step-up strategy in necrotizing pancreatitis, early (<4 weeks) interventions were more often performed for infection and organ failure, with no increase in complications, similar improvement in organ failure, slightly increased need for surgery, and relatively low mortality. Early endoscopic drainage ± necrosectomy should be considered when there is a strong indication for intervention.
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Li H, Wu Y, Xu C, An H, Guo C, Cui H. Early ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with acute fluid accumulation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1753-1757. [PMID: 30186398 PMCID: PMC6122360 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical effect of early percutaneous ultrasound guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in treating severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity was analyzed. A total of 178 patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity admitted from January, 2011 to January, 2015 to Chuiyangliu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the treatment, patients were divided into the following groups: PCD group and conservative treatment control group. Time-period of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), time-period of abdominal pain, bowel sounds recovery time, dietary recovery time, hospitalization days, white blood cell count, serum amylase, C-reactive protein, serum calcium and complications in both groups were observed and compared. The measurement data between the two groups were presented as mean ± standard deviation (±SD), and analyzed by t-test. Classification data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, with P<0.05 indicating a statistically significant difference. Time-period of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), time-period of abdominal pain, bowel sounds recovery time, dietary recovery time and hospitalization days were shorter in the PCD group than those in the control group (P=0.001). Improvements of white blood cell count, serum amylase, C-reactive protein and serum calcium were better than those of the control group (P<0.001), the rate of transferring to surgical department in the PCD group was lower than that of the control group (P=0.042), and complications of severe acute pancreatitis were not significantly different in the two groups (P>0.05). In this study, 6 adverse events occurred in the PCD group, accounting for 7.9% (6/76), including 1 case of puncture bleeding and 5 cases of obstruction. In conclusion, early ultrasound-guided PCD in treating severe acute pancreatitis is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhe Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Hongchao An
- Department of General Surgery, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Chunhai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
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Rasslan R, Novo FDCF, Bitran A, Utiyama EM, Rasslan S. Management of infected pancreatic necrosis: state of the art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:521-529. [PMID: 29019583 DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912017005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic necrosis occurs in 15% of acute pancreatitis. The presence of infection is the most important factor in the evolution of pancreatitis. The diagnosis of infection is still challenging. Mortality in infected necrosis is 20%; in the presence of organic dysfunction, mortality reaches 60%. In the last three decades, there has been a real revolution in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. However, the challenges persist and there are many unsolved questions: antibiotic treatment alone, tomography-guided percutaneous drainage, endoscopic drainage, video-assisted extraperitoneal debridement, extraperitoneal access, open necrosectomy? A step up approach has been proposed, beginning with less invasive procedures and reserving the operative intervention for patients in which the previous procedure did not solve the problem definitively. Indication and timing of the intervention should be determined by the clinical course. Ideally, the intervention should be done only after the fourth week of evolution, when it is observed a better delimitation of necrosis. Treatment should be individualized. There is no procedure that should be the first and best option for all patients. The objective of this work is to critically review the current state of the art of the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rasslan
- - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Division of General Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando da Costa Ferreira Novo
- - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Division of General Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Bitran
- - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Division of General Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Massazo Utiyama
- - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Division of General Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samir Rasslan
- - University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Division of General Surgery and Trauma, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhang W, Sun J, Shen X, Xue Y, Meng C, Yuan S. Percutaneous catheter drainage combined with peritoneal dialysis for treating acute severe pancreatitis: a single-center prospective study. MINERVA CHIR 2018; 74:207-212. [PMID: 29843500 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4733.18.07813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Totally 64 SAP patients were included in our study and randomly assigned into PCD+PD group (the combination group, N.=32) and convention group (N.=32). SAP patients in the combination group were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage combined with peritoneal dialysis, while those in the convention group were treated with conventional method. The treatment efficacy of both methods were evaluated by comparing levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and leukocyte count), relative indexes of important organs (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and urea nitrogen) and other clinical data (amelioration time of abdominal pain and abdominal distension, Balthazar CT scores, acute physiology and chronic health enquiry II score, length of hospital stay, complications and prognosis). RESULTS The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in the combination group in a time-dependent manner in comparison with those of the convention group. In addition, the amelioration time of abdominal pain and abdominal distension, length of hospital stay, Balthazar CT scores and the acute physiology and chronic health care II scores in the combination group were also significantly decreased in comparison with those of the convention group. CONCLUSIONS The combination treatment of PCD and PD effectively relieves the clinical symptoms of SAP by clearing plasma inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiakui Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinying Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoutao Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China -
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Wang PF, Liu ZW, Cai SW, Su JJ, He L, Feng J, Xin XL, Lu SC. Usefulness of three-dimensional visualization technology in minimally invasive treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1911-1918. [PMID: 29740206 PMCID: PMC5937208 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i17.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the value of three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in the minimally invasive treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP).
METHODS Clinical data of 18 patients with INP, who were admitted to the PLA General Hospital in 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. Two-dimensional images of computed tomography were converted into 3D images based on 3D visualization technology. The size, number, shape and position of lesions and their relationship with major abdominal vasculature were well displayed. Also, percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) number and puncture paths were designed through virtual surgery (percutaneous nephroscopic necrosectomy) based on the principle of maximum removal of infected necrosis conveniently.
RESULTS Abdominal 3D visualization images of all the patients were well reconstructed, and the optimal PCD puncture paths were well designed. Infected necrosis was conveniently removed in abundance using a nephroscope during the following surgery, and the median operation time was 102 (102 ± 20.7) min. Only 1 patient underwent endoscopic necrosectomy because of residual necrosis.
CONCLUSION The 3D visualization technology could optimize the PCD puncture paths, improving the drainage effect in patients with INP. Moreover, it significantly increased the efficiency of necrosectomy through the rigid nephroscope. As a result, it decreased operation times and improved the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shou-Wang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jun-Jun Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xian-Lei Xin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shi-Chun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Risk Factors for the Need of Surgical Necrosectomy After Percutaneous Catheter Drainage in the Management of Infection Secondary to Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2018. [PMID: 29517639 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the need of surgical necrosectomy after percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS The clinical data of documented/suspected patients who were treated with a step-up approach were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Of the 329 patients enrolled, the initial PCD was performed at 12 (interquartile range, 9-15) days since onset and 35.3% were cured by PCD alone. In the pre-PCD model, mean computed tomographic (CT) density of necrotic fluid collection (NFC; P < 0.001), and multiple-organ failure (MOF; P < 0.001) within 24 hours before the initial PCD were independent risk factors, and a combination of the previously mentioned 2 factors produced an area under the curve of 0.775. In the post-PCD model, mean CT density of NFC (P = 0.041), MOF (P = 0.002), and serum procalcitonin level (P = 0.035) 3 days after the initial PCD were independent risk factors, and a combination of these previously mentioned factors produced an area under the curve of 0.642. CONCLUSIONS Both mean CT density of NFC and MOF are independent pre- and post-PCD risk factors for the need of necrosectomy after PCD. Post-PCD serum procalcitonin level might be a respondent factor that is correlated with the necessity of necrosectomy.
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47
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Rana SS, Gupta R, Kang M, Sharma V, Sharma R, Gorsi U, Bhasin DK. Percutaneous catheter drainage followed by endoscopic transluminal drainage/necrosectomy for treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis in early phase of illness. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7:41-47. [PMID: 29451168 PMCID: PMC5838727 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_94_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in the early phase is treated with “step up approach” involving initial percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) followed by necrosectomy. There is a paucity of data on a combined approach of initial PCD followed by endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy. A retrospectively study on safety and efficacy of initial PCD followed by endoscopic transluminal drainage and necrosectomy in IPN. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data of 23 patients with IPN who were treated with a combined approach. Patients were divided into two groups as follows: patients with central necrosis in whom PCD and endoscopic drainage were done in the same collection (n = 11) and patients with combined central and peripheral necrosis where PCD was placed in peripheral necrosis, and endoscopic drainage was done for central necrosis (n = 12). Results: Endoscopic drainage could be done successfully in all 23 patients with mean time for the resolution being 4.0 ± 0.9 weeks. Fifteen (65.2%) patients were successfully treated using multiple plastic stents while direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) was needed in 8 (34.8%) patients and fully covered self-expanding metal stent was inserted in 6 (26%) patients. The number of endoscopic sessions needed were 3 in 3 (13%), 4 in 9 (39%) patients, 5 in 5 (22%), 6 in 3 (13%), and 7 in 3 (13%) patients, respectively. Patients of central walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) with PCD catheter in situ needed more endoscopic sessions for resolution as well as more frequently needed DEN in comparison to patients with central WOPN with no PCD catheter. Conclusion: The combined approach of initial PCD followed by endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy is safe and effective treatment alternative for patients with IPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Singh Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Kang
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak K Bhasin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Fu J, Liu Q, Liu GX, Xu XD. Diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: Current status and main problems. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2851-2857. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i32.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease of various causes, characterized by pancreatic enzyme activation and local pancreatic inflammatory response. Serious cases may develop systemic inflammatory response syndrome and even organ dysfunction. Severe AP (SAP) as a category of AP associated with persistent organ failure (>48 h) has an acute onset and high fatality rate. SAP accounts for about 5%-10% of all AP cases, with 30%-50% mortality rate. In this paper, we discuss the current status and main problems on the diagnosis and treatment of SAP based on the literature and our experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research. Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research. Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guo-Xing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research. Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xun-Di Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research. Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Roch AM, Maatman T, Carr RA, Easler JJ, Schmidt CM, House MG, Nakeeb A, Ceppa EP, Zyromski NJ. Evolving treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Surg 2017; 215:526-529. [PMID: 29167024 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) has incorporated greater use of minimally invasive techniques, including percutaneous drainage and endoscopic debridement. No study has yet compared outcomes of patients treated with all available techniques. We sought to evaluate the evolution of NP treatment at our high volume pancreas center. We hypothesized that minimally invasive techniques (medical only, percutaneous, and endoscopic) were used more frequently in later years. METHODS Treatment strategy of NP patients at a single academic medical center between 2005 and 2014 was reviewed. Definitive management of pancreatic necrosis was categorized as: 1) medical treatment only; 2) surgical only; 3) percutaneous (interventional radiology - IR) only; 4) endoscopic only; and 5) combination (Surgery ± IR ± Endoscopy). RESULTS 526 NP patients included biliary (45%), alcoholic (17%), and idiopathic (20%) etiology. Select patients were managed exclusively by medical, IR, or endoscopic treatment; use of these therapies remained relatively consistent over time. A combination of therapies was used in about 30% of patients. Over time, the percentage of NP patients managed without operation increased from 28% to 41%. 247 (47%) of patients had operation as the only NP treatment; an additional 143 (27%) required surgery as part of a multidisciplinary management. CONCLUSION Select NP patients may be managed exclusively by medical, IR, or endoscopic treatment. Combination treatment is necessary in many NP patients, and surgical treatment continues to play an important role in the definitive therapy of necrotizing pancreatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Roch
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas Maatman
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rose A Carr
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Easler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C Max Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael G House
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Attila Nakeeb
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eugene P Ceppa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Zyromski
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Aparna D, Kumar S, Kamalkumar S. Mortality and morbidity in necrotizing pancreatitis managed on principles of step-up approach: 7 years experience from a single surgical unit. World J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 9:200-208. [PMID: 29109852 PMCID: PMC5661125 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v9.i10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine percentage of patients of necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) requiring intervention and the types of interventions performed. Outcomes of patients of step up necrosectomy to those of direct necrosectomy were compared. Operative mortality, overall mortality, morbidity and overall length of stay were determined.
METHODS After institutional ethics committee clearance and waiver of consent, records of patients of pancreatitis were reviewed. After excluding patients as per criteria, epidemiologic and clinical data of patients of NP was noted. Treatment protocol was reviewed. Data of patients in whom step-up approach was used was compared to those in whom it was not used.
RESULTS A total of 41 interventions were required in 39% patients. About 60% interventions targeted the pancreatic necrosis while the rest were required to deal with the complications of the necrosis. Image guided percutaneous catheter drainage was done in 9 patients for infected necrosis all of whom required further necrosectomy and in 3 patients with sterile necrosis. Direct retroperitoneal or anterior necrosectomy was performed in 15 patients. The average time to first intervention was 19.6 d in the non step-up group (range 11-36) vs 18.22 d in the Step-up group (range 13-25). The average hospital stay in non step-up group was 33.3 d vs 38 d in step up group. The mortality in the step-up group was 0% (0/9) vs 13% (2/15) in the non step up group. Overall mortality was 10.3% while post-operative mortality was 8.3%. Average hospital stay was 22.25 d.
CONCLUSION Early conservative management plays an important role in management of NP. In patients who require intervention, the approach used and the timing of intervention should be based upon the clinical condition and local expertise available. Delaying intervention and use of minimal invasive means when intervention is necessary is desirable. The step-up approach should be used whenever possible. Even when the classical retroperitoneal catheter drainage is not feasible, there should be an attempt to follow principles of step-up technique to buy time. The outcome of patients in the step-up group compared to the non step-up group is comparable in our series. Interventions for bowel diversion, bypass and hemorrhage control should be done at the appropriate times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshpande Aparna
- Department of Surgery, Seth G.S.Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Seth G.S.Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Shukla Kamalkumar
- Department of Surgery, Seth G.S.Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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