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Magyar CTJ, Bednarski P, Jakob DA, Schnüriger B. Severe penetrating trauma in Switzerland: first analysis of the Swiss Trauma Registry (STR). Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:3837-3846. [PMID: 34727193 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology, demographics, injury characteristics and outcomes of patients who presented to Swiss trauma centers following severe penetrating trauma. METHODS Swiss Trauma Registry (STR)-cohort analysis including patients with severe (ISS ≥ 16 or AIS head ≥ 3) penetrating trauma between 2017 and 2019. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and prehospital times. RESULTS During the 3-year study period, 134 (1.6% of entire STR) patients with severe penetrating trauma were identified [64 (48%) gunshot wounds (GSW), 70 (52%) stab wounds (SW)]. Median age was 40.5 (IQR 29.0-59.0) and 82.8% were male. Mortality rate was 50% for GSW; 9% for SW. Overall, prehospital time [incident to arrival emergency department (ED)] was 65 (IQR 45-94) minutes. The median number of patients admitted for a severe GSW/SW per center and year was 2 (range 0-14). Of 64 patients who sustained a GSW, 42 (65.6%) were self-inflicted. Mortality in self-inflicted GSW reached 66.7%, with the head being severely injured in 78.6%. The 67 patients with severe isolated torso GSW/SW had an ISS of 20 (IQR 16-26) and a mortality of 15%. Multivariable analysis identified severe chest trauma, ED Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8, age, self-infliction, massive blood transfusion and ISS as independent predictors for mortality. CONCLUSION Severe penetrating trauma is very rare in Switzerland. Mortality ranges from 9% in SW to 67% in self-inflicted GSW. Particularly in the setting of GSW/SW to the torso, reduction in prehospital time may further improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T J Magyar
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Bednarski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik A Jakob
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schnüriger
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Hornez E, Béranger F, Monchal T, Baudouin Y, Boddaert G, De Lesquen H, Bourgouin S, Goudard Y, Malgras B, Pauleau G, Reslinger V, Mocellin N, Natale C, Meyrat L, Avaro JP, Balandraud P, Gaujoux S, Bonnet S. Management specificities for abdominal, pelvic and vascular penetrating trauma. J Visc Surg 2017; 154:S1878-7886(17)30126-1. [PMID: 29239852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Management of patients with penetrating trauma of the abdomen, pelvis and their surrounding compartments as well as vascular injuries depends on the patient's hemodynamic status. Multiple associated lesions are the rule. Their severity is directly correlated with initial bleeding, the risk of secondary sepsis, and lastly to sequelae. In patients who are hemodynamically unstable, the goal of management is to rapidly obtain hemostasis. This mandates initial laparotomy for abdominal wounds, extra-peritoneal packing (EPP) and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in the emergency room for pelvic wounds, insertion of temporary vascular shunts (TVS) for proximal limb injuries, ligation for distal vascular injuries, and control of exteriorized extremity bleeding with a tourniquet, compressive or hemostatic dressings for bleeding at the junction or borderline between two compartments, as appropriate. Once hemodynamic stability is achieved, preoperative imaging allow more precise diagnosis, particularly for retroperitoneal or thoraco-abdominal injuries that are difficult to explore surgically. The surgical incisions need to be large, in principle, and enlarged as needed, allowing application of damage control principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hornez
- Service de chirurgie viscérale et générale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - F Béranger
- Service de chirurgie thoracique et vasculaire, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - T Monchal
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - Y Baudouin
- Service de chirurgie viscérale et générale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - G Boddaert
- Service de chirurgie thoracique et vasculaire, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - H De Lesquen
- Service de chirurgie thoracique et vasculaire, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - S Bourgouin
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - Y Goudard
- Service de chirurgie digestive, endocrinienne et métabolique, HIA Laveran, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - B Malgras
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - G Pauleau
- Service de chirurgie digestive, endocrinienne et métabolique, HIA Laveran, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - V Reslinger
- Service de chirurgie viscérale et générale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - N Mocellin
- Service de chirurgie viscérale et générale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France
| | - C Natale
- Service de chirurgie thoracique et vasculaire, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - L Meyrat
- Service de chirurgie thoracique et vasculaire, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - J-P Avaro
- Service de chirurgie thoracique et vasculaire, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - P Balandraud
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - S Gaujoux
- Service de chirurgie digestive, hépatobiliaire et endocrinienne, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S Bonnet
- Service de chirurgie viscérale et générale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
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