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Xie YX, Yao H, Peng JF, Ni D, Liu WT, Li CQ, Yi GH. Insight into modulators of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and implications for cardiovascular therapeutics. J Drug Target 2024; 32:300-310. [PMID: 38269855 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and it's of great importance to understand its underlying mechanisms and find new treatments. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an active lipid that exerts its effects through S1P receptors on the cell surface or intracellular signal, and regulates many cellular processes such as cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell survival, and so on. S1PR modulators are a class of modulators that can interact with S1PR subtypes to activate receptors or block their activity, exerting either agonist or functional antagonist effects. Many studies have shown that S1P plays a protective role in the cardiovascular system and regulates cardiac physiological functions mainly through interaction with cell surface S1P receptors (S1PRs). Therefore, S1PR modulators may play a therapeutic role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review five S1PRs and their functions and the progress of S1PR modulators. In addition, we focus on the effects of S1PR modulators on atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury, diabetic cardiovascular diseases, and myocarditis, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Xie
- Hunan province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Fu Peng
- Hunan province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Ni
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wan-Ting Liu
- Hunan province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Quan Li
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Hunan province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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2
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Wang W, Zhao Y, Zhu G. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1288437. [PMID: 38179204 PMCID: PMC10764561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1288437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) could be viewed as a proteinopathy caused by changes in lipids, whereby modifications in lipid metabolism may lead to protein alterations, such as the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration. Although the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the major clinical manifestation of PD, the etiology of it is largely unknown. Increasing evidence has highlighted the important role of lipids in the pathophysiology of PD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling lipid, has been suggested to have a potential association with the advancement and worsening of PD. Therefore, better understanding the mechanisms and regulatory proteins is of high interest. Most interestingly, S1P appears to be an important target to offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. In this review, we first introduce the basic situation of S1P structure, function and regulation, with a special focus on the several pathways. We then briefly describe the regulation of S1P signaling pathway on cells and make a special focused on the cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis, etc. Finally, we discuss the function of S1P as potential therapeutic target to improve the clinical symptoms of PD, and even prevent the progression of the PD. In the context of PD, the functions of S1P modulators have been extensively elucidated. In conclusion, S1P modulators represent a novel and promising therapeutic principle and therapeutic method for PD. However, more research is required before these drugs can be considered as a standard treatment option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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3
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Ikeda Y, Davis MI, Sumita K, Zheng Y, Kofuji S, Sasaki M, Hirota Y, Pragani R, Shen M, Boxer MB, Takeuchi K, Senda T, Simeonov A, Sasaki AT. Multimodal action of KRP203 on phosphoinositide kinases in vitro and in cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:116-121. [PMID: 37683456 PMCID: PMC10559341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased phosphoinositide signaling is commonly associated with cancers. While "one-drug one-target" has been a major drug discovery strategy for cancer therapy, a "one-drug multi-targets" approach for phosphoinositide enzymes has the potential to offer a new therapeutic approach. In this study, we sought a new way to target phosphoinositides metabolism. Using a high-throughput phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase-alpha (PI5P4Kα) assay, we have identified that the immunosuppressor KRP203/Mocravimod induces a significant perturbation in phosphoinositide metabolism in U87MG glioblastoma cells. Despite high sequence similarity of PI5P4K and PI4K isozymes, in vitro kinase assays showed that KRP203 activates some (e.g., PI5P4Kα, PI4KIIβ) while inhibiting other phosphoinositide kinases (e.g., PI5P4Kβ, γ, PI4KIIα, class I PI3K-p110α, δ, γ). Furthermore, KRP203 enhances PI3P5K/PIKFYVE's substrate selectivity for phosphatidylinositol (PI) while preserving its selectivity for PI(3)P. At cellular levels, 3 h of KRP203 treatment induces a prominent increase of PI(3)P and moderate increase of PI(5)P, PI(3,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 levels in U87MG cells. Collectively, the finding of multimodal activity of KRP203 towards multi-phosphoinositide kinases may open a novel basis to modulate cellular processes, potentially leading to more effective treatments for diseases associated with phosphoinositide signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ikeda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mindy I Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10007, USA
| | - Satoshi Kofuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mika Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Rajan Pragani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan; Department of Accelerator Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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4
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Chen P, Yao F, Lu Y, Peng Y, Zhu S, Deng J, Wu Z, Chen J, Deng K, Li Q, Pu Z, Mou L. Single-Cell Landscape of Mouse Islet Allograft and Syngeneic Graft. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853349. [PMID: 35757709 PMCID: PMC9226584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation to treat the late stage of type 1 diabetic patient (T1DM) has recently made inspiring success in clinical trials. However, most patients experience a decline in islet graft function in one to three years due to immune rejection. Although the mechanisms of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer cells (NKs), B cells, and T cells, that mediate immune rejection have been investigated, the overall characteristics of immune infiltrates in islet allografts and syngeneic grafts remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided us with new opportunities to study the complexity of the immune microenvironment in islet transplants. In the present study, we used scRNA-seq to comprehensively analyze the immune heterogeneity in the mouse model of islet transplantation. Our data revealed T lymphocytes and myeloid cells as the main immune components of grafts 7 days post-islet transplantation, especially in allografts. Moreover, our results indicated that allogeneic islet cells were transformed into antigen-presenting cell-like cells with highly expressed MHC class I molecules and genes involved in MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation. This transformation may dramatically facilitate the interaction with cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and promote the destruction of islet allografts. Our study provides insight into the transcriptomics and diverse microenvironment of islet grafts and their impacts on immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of traumatic orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuwen Yao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanzheng Peng
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shufang Zhu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Li
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Fathi I, Nishimura R, Imura T, Inagaki A, Kanai N, Ushiyama A, Kikuchi M, Maekawa M, Yamaguchi H, Goto M. KRP-203 Is a Desirable Immunomodulator for Islet Allotransplantation. Transplantation 2022; 106:963-972. [PMID: 34241985 PMCID: PMC9038237 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current standard immunosuppressive regimens, calcineurin inhibitors, have diabetogenic and anti-vascularization effects on islet grafts. KRP-203, a sphingosine-1-phosphate functional antagonist, exerts its immunomodulatory function through lymphocyte sequestration. However, the effect of this antagonist on islets is unclear. We examined the effect of KRP-203 on the islet function and vascularization and sought a calcineurin-free regimen for islet allotransplantation. METHODS KRP-203 was administered for 14 d to mice, then diabetogenic effect was evaluated by blood glucose levels and a glucose tolerance test. Static glucose stimulation, the breathing index, and insulin/DNA were examined using isolated islets. Islet neovascularization was evaluated using a multiphoton laser scanning microscope. After islet allotransplantation with either KRP-203 alone, sirolimus alone, or both in combination, the graft survival was evaluated by blood glucose levels and immunohistochemical analyses. A mixed lymphocyte reaction was also performed to investigate the immunologic characteristics of KRP-203 and sirolimus. RESULTS No significant differences in the blood glucose levels or glucose tolerance were observed between the control and KRP-203 groups. Functional assays after islet isolation were also comparable. The multiphoton laser scanning microscope showed no inhibitory effect of KRP-203 on islet neovascularization. Although allogeneic rejection was effectively inhibited by KRP-203 monotherapy (44%), combination therapy prevented rejection in most transplanted mice (83%). CONCLUSIONS KRP-203 is a desirable immunomodulator for islet transplantation because of the preservation of the endocrine function and lack of interference with islet neovascularization. The combination of KRP-203 with low-dose sirolimus may be promising as a calcineurin-free regimen for islet allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fathi
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ryuichi Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kanai
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Ushiyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Marfil-Garza BA, Hefler J, Bermudez De Leon M, Pawlick R, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Progress in Translational Regulatory T Cell Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes and Islet Transplantation. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:198-218. [PMID: 33247733 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have become highly relevant in the pathophysiology and treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). As these cells are known to be defective in T1D, recent efforts have explored ex vivo and in vivo Treg expansion and enhancement as a means for restoring self-tolerance in this disease. Given their capacity to also modulate alloimmune responses, studies using Treg-based therapies have recently been undertaken in transplantation. Islet transplantation provides a unique opportunity to study the critical immunological crossroads between auto- and alloimmunity. This procedure has advanced greatly in recent years, and reports of complete abrogation of severe hypoglycemia and long-term insulin independence have become increasingly reported. It is clear that cellular transplantation has the potential to be a true cure in T1D, provided the remaining barriers of cell supply and abrogated need for immune suppression can be overcome. However, the role that Tregs play in islet transplantation remains to be defined. Herein, we synthesize the progress and current state of Treg-based therapies in T1D and islet transplantation. We provide an extensive, but concise, background to understand the physiology and function of these cells and discuss the clinical evidence supporting potency and potential Treg-based therapies in the context of T1D and islet transplantation. Finally, we discuss some areas of opportunity and potential research avenues to guide effective future clinical application. This review provides a basic framework of knowledge for clinicians and researchers involved in the care of patients with T1D and islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Hefler
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mario Bermudez De Leon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rena Pawlick
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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7
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Wang X, Chen S, Xiang H, Liang Z, Lu H. Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in vascular injury of inflammatory bowel disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2740-2749. [PMID: 33595873 PMCID: PMC7957208 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have an impact on the intestinal inflammation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by regulating lymphocyte migration and differentiation. S1PR modulators as an emerging therapeutic approach are being investigated for the treatment of IBD. However, the role of S1PRs in intestinal vessels has not drawn much attention. Intestinal vascular damage is one of the major pathophysiological features of IBD, characterized by increased vascular density and impaired barrier function. S1PRs have pleiotropic effects on vascular endothelial cells, including proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and barrier homeostasis. Mounting evidence shows that S1PRs are abnormally expressed on intestinal vascular endothelial cells in IBD. Unexpectedly, S1PR modulators may damage intestinal vasculature, for example increase intestinal bleeding; therefore, S1PRs are thought to be involved in the regulation of intestinal vascular function in IBD. However, little is understood about how S1PRs regulate intestinal vascular function and participate in the initiation and progression of IBD. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic role of S1PRs in and the underlying mechanisms behind the intestinal vascular injury in IBD in order for improving IBD practice including S1PR‐targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Pathak S, Meyer EH. Tregs and Mixed Chimerism as Approaches for Tolerance Induction in Islet Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612737. [PMID: 33658995 PMCID: PMC7917336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising method for the treatment of type 1 and type 3 diabetes whereby replacement of islets may be curative. However, long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) remains essential for islet graft survival. Current ISD regimens carry significant side-effects for transplant recipients, and are also toxic to the transplanted islets. Pre-clinical efforts to induce immune tolerance to islet allografts identify ways in which the recipient immune system may be reeducated to induce a sustained transplant tolerance and even overcome autoimmune islet destruction. The goal of these efforts is to induce tolerance to transplanted islets with minimal to no long-term immunosuppression. Two most promising cell-based therapeutic strategies for inducing immune tolerance include T regulatory cells (Tregs) and donor and recipient hematopoietic mixed chimerism. Here, we review preclinical studies which utilize Tregs for tolerance induction in islet transplantation. We also review myeloablative and non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) strategies in preclinical and clinical studies to induce sustained mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance, in particular in islet transplantation. Since Tregs play a critical role in the establishment of mixed chimerism, it follows that the combination of Treg and HSCT may be synergistic. Since the success of the Edmonton protocol, the feasibility of clinical islet transplantation has been established and nascent clinical trials testing immune tolerance strategies using Tregs and/or hematopoietic mixed chimerism are underway or being formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pathak
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Everett H. Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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9
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Radeke HH, Stein J, Van Assche G, Rogler G, Lakatos PL, Muellershausen F, Moulin P, Jarvis P, Colin L, Gergely P, Kruis W. A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of the S1P Receptor Agonist KRP203 in Patients with Moderately Active Refractory Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Intest Dis 2020; 5:180-190. [PMID: 33313070 DOI: 10.1159/000509393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims KRP203 is a potent oral agonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 that induces the sequestration of peripheral lymphocytes, thereby potentially reducing the number of activated lymphocytes circulating to the gastrointestinal tract. Methods We conducted a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of KRP203 in patients with moderately active 5-aminosalicylate-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1.2 mg KRP203 or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Primary efficacy variable was clinical remission, defined as partial Mayo Score 0-1 and modified Baron Score 0-1 with rectal bleeding subscore 0. Results KRP203 was safe and well tolerated overall. The most common adverse events (AEs) were gastrointestinal disorders and headache. Importantly, no KRP203-related cardiac AEs were reported. Total peripheral lymphocytes and selectively affected lymphocyte subtypes decreased, causing marked decreases in naive and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and also in B cells. Clinical remission occurred in 2/14 (14%) patients under KRP203, compared with 0/8 (0%) under placebo. Conclusions Overall, KRP203 was safe and well tolerated by patients with UC. Importantly, no cardiac AEs were reported. Although KRP203 did not meet the minimum clinically relevant threshold for efficacy, the results may suggest that KRP203 treatment is superior to placebo. However, in this small study population, the difference was insignificant. Based on these data, studies with an improved design and a larger population should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinfried H Radeke
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Centre Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Centre Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- IBD Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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10
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The S1P-S1PR Axis in Neurological Disorders-Insights into Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061515. [PMID: 32580348 PMCID: PMC7349054 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), derived from membrane sphingolipids, is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator capable of evoking complex immune phenomena. Studies have highlighted its importance regarding intracellular signaling cascades as well as membrane-bound S1P receptor (S1PR) engagement in various clinical conditions. In neurological disorders, the S1P–S1PR axis is acknowledged in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulators of S1P signaling have enabled an immense insight into fundamental pathological pathways, which were pivotal in identifying and improving the treatment of human diseases. However, its intricate molecular signaling pathways initiated upon receptor ligation are still poorly elucidated. In this review, the authors highlight the current evidence for S1P signaling in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders as well as stroke and present an array of drugs targeting the S1P signaling pathway, which are being tested in clinical trials. Further insights on how the S1P–S1PR axis orchestrates disease initiation, progression, and recovery may hold a remarkable potential regarding therapeutic options in these neurological disorders.
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11
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Park WJ, Song JH, Kim GT, Park TS. Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Liver Diseases. Mol Cells 2020; 43:419-430. [PMID: 32392908 PMCID: PMC7264474 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. It is responsible for systemic energy homeostasis. When energy need exceeds the storage capacity in the liver, fatty acids are shunted into nonoxidative sphingolipid biosynthesis, which increases the level of cellular ceramides. Accumulation of ceramides alters substrate utilization from glucose to lipids, activates triglyceride storage, and results in the development of both insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, increasing the likelihood of major metabolic diseases. Another sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling molecule that acts via S1P-specific G protein coupled receptors. It regulates many cellular and physiological events. Since an increase in plasma S1P is associated with obesity, it seems reasonable that recent studies have provided evidence that S1P is linked to lipid pathophysiology, including hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Herein, we review recent findings on ceramides and S1P in obesity-mediated liver diseases and the therapeutic potential of these sphingolipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 2999, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwi Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
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12
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) can regulate several physiological and pathological processes. S1P signaling via its cell surface receptor S1PR1 has been shown to enhance tumorigenesis and stimulate growth, expansion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival of cancer cells. S1PR1-mediated tumorigenesis is supported and amplified by activation of downstream effectors including STAT3, interleukin-6, and NF-κB networks. S1PR1 signaling can also trigger various other signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis including activation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK1/2, Rac, and PKC/Ca, as well as suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It also induces immunological tolerance in the tumor microenvironment, while the immunosuppressive function of S1PR1 can also lead to the generation of pre-metastatic niches. Some tumor cells upregulate S1PR1 signaling pathways, which leads to drug resistant cancer cells, mainly through activation of STAT3. This signaling pathway is also implicated in some inflammatory conditions leading to the instigation of inflammation-driven cancers. Furthermore, it can also increase survival via induction of anti-apoptotic pathways, for instance, in breast cancer cells. Therefore, S1PR1 and its signaling pathways can be considered as potential anti-tumor therapeutic targets, alone or in combination therapies. Given the oncogenic nature of S1PR1 and its distribution in a variety of cancer cell types along with its targeting advantages over other molecules of this family, S1PR1 should be considered a favorable target in therapeutic approaches to cancer. This review describes the role of S1PR1 in cancer development and progression, specifically addressing breast cancer, glioma, and hematopoietic malignancies. We also discuss the potential use of S1P signaling modulators as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy.
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13
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Yokoyama E, Hashimoto D, Hayase E, Ara T, Ogasawara R, Takahashi S, Ohigashi H, Tateno T, Hasegawa Y, Chen X, Teshima T. Short-term KRP203 and posttransplant cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:787-795. [PMID: 31685933 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttransplant high-dose cyclophosphamide (PTCY) has been increasingly used as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after HLA-haploidentical or matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, PTCY alone is insufficient and requires additional immunosuppressants such as calcineurin inhibitors. In the current study, we evaluated effects of a novel GVHD prophylaxis with PTCY in combination with short-term KRP203, a selective agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 that regulates egress of lymphocytes from the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) in mice. Short-term oral administration of KRP203 alone induced apoptosis of donor T cells in the SLOs and ameliorated GVHD. Administration of KRP203 significantly preserved graft-versus-leukemia effects compared to cyclosporin. A combination of KRP203 on days 0 to +4 and PTCY on day +3 synergistically suppressed donor T-cell migration into the intestine and skin, and ameliorated GVHD more potently than PTCY alone. A combination of short-term KRP203 and PTCY is a promising novel calcineurin-free GVHD prophylaxis in HLA-haploidentical SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Daigo Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Eiko Hayase
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahide Ara
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Reiki Ogasawara
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohigashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tateno
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuta Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Xuanzhong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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14
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Stabler CL, Li Y, Stewart JM, Keselowsky BG. Engineering immunomodulatory biomaterials for type 1 diabetes. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:429-450. [PMID: 32617176 PMCID: PMC7332200 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D) would help millions of people worldwide, but remains elusive thus far. Tolerogenic vaccines and beta cell replacement therapy are complementary therapies that seek to address aberrant T1D autoimmune attack and subsequent beta cell loss. However, both approaches require some form of systematic immunosuppression, imparting risks to the patient. Biomaterials-based tools enable localized and targeted immunomodulation, and biomaterial properties can be designed and combined with immunomodulatory agents to locally instruct specific immune responses. In this Review, we discuss immunomodulatory biomaterial platforms for the development of T1D tolerogenic vaccines and beta cell replacement devices. We investigate nano- and microparticles for the delivery of tolerogenic agents and autoantigens, and as artificial antigen presenting cells, and highlight how bulk biomaterials can be used to provide immune tolerance. We examine biomaterials for drug delivery and as immunoisolation devices for cell therapy and islet transplantation, and explore synergies with other fields for the development of new T1D treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- CL Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - JM Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - BG Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Other Forms of Immunosuppression. KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION - PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7152196 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-53186-3.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Zhang Q, Chen J, Gao H, Zhang S, Zhao C, Zhou C, Wang C, Li Y, Cai Z, Mou L. Drug repurposing: Ibrutinib exhibits immunosuppressive potential in organ transplantation. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1118-1128. [PMID: 30123049 PMCID: PMC6097265 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term administration of classic immunosuppressants can induce severe adverse effects. The development of novel immunosuppressants confronts great challenges and opportunities. Ibrutinib, an approved drug for B-cell lineages and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD), exhibits immunosuppressive efficacy in autoimmune diseases. Ibrutinib's potential as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation has not been investigated to date. In a xeno-artery patch model ex vivo, ibrutinib inhibited the proliferation of PBMCs (POD 14-42), mainly CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells ex vivo. The secretion of cytokines (IL-6, IL-2 and IFN-γ) was suppressed in response to ibrutinib. In allo-skin transplantation models, ibrutinib delayed the rejection of grafted skins. Ibrutinib decreased the amount of T/B cells and lymphocyte infiltration. Altogether, ibrutinib exhibited immunosuppressive potential through cytokine regulation and T cell inhibition ex vivo and in vitro. Repositioning of ibrutinib as an immunosuppressant will greatly facilitate novel immunosuppressant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jicheng Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Zhang
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuibing Zhou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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17
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González-Fernández B, Sánchez DI, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling as a Target in Hepatic Fibrosis Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28890699 PMCID: PMC5574909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an excess production of extracellular matrix proteins as a result of chronic liver disease which leads to cell death and organ dysfunction. The key cells involved in fibrogenesis are resident hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are termed myofibroblasts after activation, acquiring contractile, proliferative, migratory and secretory capability. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with well-established effects on angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and immunity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that this metabolite is involved in the profibrotic inflammatory process through the regulation of pleiotropic cell responses, such as vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, cell survival, migration, proliferation and HSCs differentiation to myofibroblasts. S1P is synthesized by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and many of its actions are mediated by S1P specific cell surface receptors (S1P1-5), although different intracellular targets of S1P have been identified. Modulation of SphKs/S1P/S1P receptors signaling is known to result in beneficial effects on various in vivo and in vitro models of liver fibrosis. Thus, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of the S1P pathway could help to improve liver fibrosis therapy. In this review, we analyze the effects of the S1P axis on the fibrogenic process, and the involvement of a range of inhibitors or approaches targeting enzymes related to S1P in the abrogation of pathological fibrogenesis. All in all, targeting this pathway offers therapeutic potential in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
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18
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Rojas-Canales D, Penko D, Myo Min KK, Parham KA, Peiris H, Haberberger RV, Pitson SM, Drogemuller C, Keating DJ, Grey ST, Coates PT, Bonder CS, Jessup CF. Local Sphingosine Kinase 1 Activity Improves Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2017; 66:1301-1311. [PMID: 28174291 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising clinical treatment for type 1 diabetes, but success is limited by extensive β-cell death in the immediate posttransplant period and impaired islet function in the longer term. Following transplantation, appropriate vascular remodeling is crucial to ensure the survival and function of engrafted islets. The sphingosine kinase (SK) pathway is an important regulator of vascular beds, but its role in the survival and function of transplanted islets is unknown. We observed that donor islets from mice deficient in SK1 (Sphk1 knockout) contain a reduced number of resident intraislet vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the main product of SK1, sphingosine-1-phosphate, controls the migration of intraislet endothelial cells in vitro. We reveal in vivo that Sphk1 knockout islets have an impaired ability to cure diabetes compared with wild-type controls. Thus, SK1-deficient islets not only contain fewer resident vascular cells that participate in revascularization, but likely also a reduced ability to recruit new vessels into the transplanted islet. Together, our data suggest that SK1 is important for islet revascularization following transplantation and represents a novel clinical target for improving transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling Rojas-Canales
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniella Penko
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kay K Myo Min
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate A Parham
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | | | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Drogemuller
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Garvan Medical Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Patrick T Coates
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Histology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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19
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Chen T, Yuan J, Duncanson S, Hibert ML, Kodish BC, Mylavaganam G, Maker M, Li H, Sremac M, Santosuosso M, Forbes B, Kashiwagi S, Cao J, Lei J, Thomas M, Hartono C, Sachs D, Markmann J, Sambanis A, Poznansky MC. Alginate encapsulant incorporating CXCL12 supports long-term allo- and xenoislet transplantation without systemic immune suppression. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:618-27. [PMID: 25693473 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation represents a potentially curative approach for individuals with Type I Diabetes. The requirement for systemic immune suppression to control immune-mediated rejection of transplanted islets and the limited human islet supply represent significant roadblocks to progress for this approach. Islet microencapsulation in alginate offers limited protection in the absence of systemic immunosuppression, but does not support long-term islet survival. The chemokine, CXCL12, can repel effector T cells while recruiting immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) to an anatomic site while providing a prosurvival signal for beta-cells. We proposed that coating or encapsulating donor islets with CXCL12 would induce local immune-isolation and protect and support the function of an allo- or xenograft without systemic immune suppression. This study investigated the effect of alginate microcapsules incorporating CXCL12 on islet function. Islet transplantation was performed in murine models of insulin-dependent diabetes. Coating of islets with CXCL12 or microencapsulation of islets with alginate incorporating the chemokine, resulted in long-term allo- and xenoislet survival and function, as well as a selective increase in intragraft Tregs. These data support the use of CXCL12 as a coating or a component of an alginate encapsulant to induce sustained local immune-isolation for allo- or xenoislet transplantation without systemic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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20
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Baum CE, Mierzejewska B, Schroder PM, Khattar M, Stepkowski S. Optimizing the use of regulatory T cells in allotransplantation: recent advances and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:1303-14. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.849573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Bigaud M, Guerini D, Billich A, Bassilana F, Brinkmann V. Second generation S1P pathway modulators: research strategies and clinical developments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:745-58. [PMID: 24239768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS) through demyelination and neurodegeneration. Until recently, major therapeutic treatments have relied on agents requiring injection delivery. In September 2010, fingolimod/FTY720 (Gilenya, Novartis) was approved as the first oral treatment for relapsing forms of MS. Fingolimod causes down-modulation of S1P1 receptors on lymphocytes which prevents the invasion of autoaggressive T cells into the CNS. In astrocytes, down-modulation of S1P1 by the drug reduces astrogliosis, a hallmark of MS, thereby allowing restoration of productive astrocyte communication with other neural cells and the blood brain barrier. Animal data further suggest that the drug directly supports the recovery of nerve conduction and remyelination. In human MS, such mechanisms may explain the significant decrease in the number of inflammatory markers on brain magnetic resonance imaging in recent clinical trials, and the reduction of brain atrophy by the drug. Fingolimod binds to 4 of the 5 known S1P receptor subtypes, and significant efforts were made over the past 5 years to develop next generation S1P receptor modulators and determine the minimal receptor selectivity needed for maximal therapeutic efficacy in MS patients. Other approaches considered were competitive antagonists of the S1P1 receptor, inhibitors of the S1P lyase to prevent S1P degradation, and anti-S1P antibodies. Below we discuss the current status of the field, and the functional properties of the most advanced compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Billich
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Volker Brinkmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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22
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Abstract
Beta cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a novel therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The proof of concept has been demonstrated with successful islet allotransplantation. Islet xenotransplantation has been proposed as an alternative, more reliable, and infinite source of beta cells. The advantages of islet xenotransplantation are the ability to transplant a well differentiated cell that is responsive to glucose and the potential for genetic modification which focuses the treatment on the donor rather than the recipient. The major hurdle remains overcoming the severe cellular rejection that affects xenografts. This review will focus on the major advances that have occurred with genetic modification and the successful therapeutic strategies that have been demonstrated in nonhuman primates. Novel approaches to overcome cell-mediated rejection including biological agents that target selectively costimulation molecules, the development of local immunosuppression through genetic manipulation, and encapsulation will be discussed. Overall, there has been considerable progress in all these areas, which eventually should lead to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia,
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