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Mahmoud A, Ganesh K. Mouse Models of Metastasis and Dormancy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023:a041386. [PMID: 37696656 PMCID: PMC10925556 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the ultimate and often lethal stage of cancer. Metastasis occurs in three phases that may vary across individuals: First, dissemination from the primary tumor. Second, tumor dormancy at the metastatic site where micrometastatic cancer cells remain quiescent or, in dynamic cycles of proliferation and elimination, remaining clinically undetectable. Finally, cancer cells are able to overcome microenvironmental constraints for outgrowth, or the formation of clinically detectable macrometastases that colonize distant organs and are largely incurable. A variety of approaches have been used to model metastasis to elucidate molecular mechanisms and identify putative therapeutic targets. In particular, metastatic dormancy has been challenging to model in vivo due to the sparse numbers of cancer cells in micrometastasis nodules and the long latency times required for tumor outgrowth. Here, we review state-of-the art genetically engineered mouse, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft approaches for modeling metastasis and dormancy. We describe the advantages and limitations of various metastasis models, novel findings enabled by such approaches, and highlight opportunities for future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud
- Program in Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Brady JE, Tamburro L, Joy AG, Ugarte RM. Donor Origin Neuroendocrine Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1524. [PMID: 37575954 PMCID: PMC10414708 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Brady
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lo Tamburro
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Abel G. Joy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard M. Ugarte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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Belčič Mikič T, Mlinšek G, Oblak M, Kandus A, Buturović-Ponikvar J, Hawlina S, Milanez T, Kojc N, Frelih M, Arnol M. Transmission of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by a single multiorgan donor to two kidney transplant recipients: A case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1142611. [PMID: 36999065 PMCID: PMC10046802 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two cases of transmission of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma from a single donor to two kidney transplant recipients. Autopsy of the donor revealed a pancreatic adenocarcinoma that had already spread locally to the regional lymph nodes and had not been detected at the time of organ procurement. Both recipients were carefully monitored, as neither consented to graft nephrectomy. In one patient, the tumor was discovered on surveillance biopsy of the graft approximately 14 months after transplantation, and in the second patient, ultrasound-guided aspiration needle biopsy of a growing formation in the lower pole of the graft revealed poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma. Both patients were successfully treated with graft nephrectomy and complete discontinuation of immunosuppression. None of the follow-up imaging showed persistent or recurrent malignancy, and both patients were candidates for re-transplantation. These exceptional cases of donor-derived pancreatic adenocarcinoma suggest that removal of the donor organ and restoration of immunity may lead to complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Belčič Mikič
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Mlinšek
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Oblak
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljoša Kandus
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jadranka Buturović-Ponikvar
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Hawlina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Milanez
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Frelih
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Arnol
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Miha Arnol,
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Isaacson D, Steggerda J, Xue Y, Wren J, Javeed Ansari M, Auffenberg GB, Katariya N. Donor-derived duodenal adenocarcinoma of a bladder-drained pancreas allograft. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2265-2268. [PMID: 35325501 PMCID: PMC9543768 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The subset of the population that received bladder-drained allograft pancreata during peak utilization of the technique in the 1990s is approaching 20-30 postoperative years. This time frame is salient, as it parallels the time in which patients in the urologic literature develop adenocarcinomas after bladder reconstruction using gastrointestinal segments. We present the case of a 57-year-old simultaneous pancreas/kidney recipient who presented with microhematuria twenty-four years after transplantation and was found to have an adenocarcinoma of the duodenum of his failed, bladder-drained pancreas. After allograft pancreatectomy/duodenectomy, he remains disease-free eleven months postoperatively. As this patient population ages, practitioners should consider pathology of the donor duodenum and pancreas in recipients who present with gross or microscopic hematuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Isaacson
- Department of SurgeryComprehensive Transplant CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of UrologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Justin Steggerda
- Department of SurgeryComprehensive Transplant CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yue Xue
- Department of PathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - James Wren
- Department of UrologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mohammed Javeed Ansari
- Department of SurgeryComprehensive Transplant CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Nitin Katariya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary SurgeryMayo Clinic, Alix School of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
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Miao K, Zhang L. Application of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Organ Transplantation Recipients: A Systematic Review. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:801-814. [PMID: 34152556 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a treatment method for end-stage organ diseases and improve their life quality, while using long-term immunosuppressant drugs (ISD) is needed to suppress the function of the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a class of anti-tumor drugs that kill tumors by activating the autoimmune system. The primary objective of our systematic review is to investigate the risk factors for organ rejection and the efficacy of ICIs in solid organ transplantation recipients (SOTRs). METHODS We searched four databases to find relevant articles up to January 2021. A total of 61 articles involving 106 SOTRs met the screening criteria and were included in our systematic review. The collected data were statistical described, and the risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS Forty-four patients (41.5%) developed host-versus-graft response (HVGR) after ICIs. mTOR inhibitors (pre-ICIs) (p = 0.069, OR = 0.377, 95% CI 0.132-1.078) and calcineurin inhibitors (post-ICIs) (p = 0.056, OR = 0.375, 95%CI 0.137-1.025) may help reduce the incidence of HVGR. Hormones (pre-ICIs) (p = 0.026, OR = 3.150, 95%CI 1.150-8.628) and anti-metabolites (pre-ICIs) (p = 0.022, OR = 3.214, 95%CI 1.185-8.720) may adversely affect the efficacy of ICIs. Only 35.6% of patients both responded well to ICIs treatment and did not develop HVGR. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review summarizes the use of ICIs in SOTRs and evaluates the efficacy of ICIs and the risk factors that induce HVGR. Through risk factor analysis, we found that mTOR inhibitors and calcineurin inhibitors may help to reduce the occurrence of HVGR; hormones and anti-metabolic drugs may have adverse effects on the efficacy of ICIs. In addition, there is a contradictory relationship between the occurrence of HVGR and the efficacy of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Miao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 53 Dongdan North Avenue, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 53 Dongdan North Avenue, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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