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Lee TL, Ding Z, Chan AS. Prefrontal hemodynamic features of older adults with preserved visuospatial working memory function. GeroScience 2023; 45:3513-3527. [PMID: 37501047 PMCID: PMC10643746 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory decline has been observed in the aging population and is a risk factor for the later development of dementia. Understanding how memory is preserved in older adults has been an important topic. The present study examines the hemodynamic features of older adults whose memory is comparable with that of young adults. In the present study, 45 younger and 45 older adults performed the visual memory task with various difficulty levels (i.e., the items to be remembered), and their cerebral hemodynamics at each level were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results showed that older adults exhibited higher activation than younger adults under more difficult but not easier levels. In addition, older adults whose performance is comparable with that of young adults (i.e., being able to remember six items) showed more right-lateralized activation. However, those unable to do so showed more left-lateralized activation. The results suggested that high-performing older adults possess successful compensatory mechanisms by recruiting cognitive resources in a specialized brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lok Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zihan Ding
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Conceição ASGG, Sant Ana LFG, Mattar GP, de Fátima R Silva M, Ramos AR, Oliveira AM, Carvalho CL, Gonçalves OR, Varotto BLR, Martinez LD, Leduc V, Fonseca LM, Forlenza OV. Balance and Gait: Associations With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Individuals With Down Syndrome. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:349-356. [PMID: 37788381 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical aging in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with neuropathological characteristics consistent with Alzheimer disease. Gait abnormalities have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of dementia for the general population. The aim of this study was to determine whether gait disorders are associated with worse cognitive performance and dementia in adults with DS. METHODS We evaluated 66 individuals with DS (≥20 y of age), divided into 3 groups: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and dementia (presumed Alzheimer disease). Each individual was evaluated with the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Timed Up and Go test, and Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down's Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS), in addition to a comprehensive clinical protocol to ascertain the occurrence of medical or psychiatric comorbidities. RESULTS The score on the POMA-Gait subscale score and body mass index were found to be independent predictors of prodromal dementia and dementia ( P <0.001 for both). With the exception of perception, all cognitive domains correlated with the POMA-Total score ( P <0.05). CONCLUSION A lower POMA-Gait score increases the chance of prodromal dementia and dementia in adults with DS. Unlike other research, in this study higher body mass index was also found to increase the chance of prodromal dementia and dementia. In those individuals, applying the POMA could facilitate the early diagnosis of dementia, help identify fall risks, and promote the adoption of geriatric interventions focused on improving functional mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívea F G Sant Ana
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | - Guilherme P Mattar
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | - Maria de Fátima R Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
- Old Age Research Group, Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | - Andressa R Ramos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | | | - Claudia L Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | | | - Bruna L R Varotto
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | - Luana D Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | - Vinícius Leduc
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
| | - Luciana M Fonseca
- Dental Team, Instituto de Psiquiatria do, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry
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Hong W, Zhang X, Liu Z, Li M, Yu Z, Zhao G, Wang Y, Sun C, Yang B, Xu R, Zhao Z. MRI Assessment of the Relationship Between Cortical Morphological Features and Hemiparetic Motor-Related Outcomes in Chronic Subcortical Stroke Patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:571-580. [PMID: 36440811 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear which cortical regions are specific to or commonly associated with the impairments of the upper/lower limbs and the activities of daily life (ADL) in stroke patients. PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between MRI-assessed surface-based morphometry (SBM) features and motor function as well as ADL in participants with chronic stroke. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Thirty-five participants with subcortical stroke more than 3 months from the first-onset (age: 56.44 ± 9.56 years; 32 male). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE T1 -weighted images, 3.0 T, three-dimensional fast field-echo sequence. ASSESSMENT FreeSurfer (6.0) was used to parcellate each hemisphere into 34 regions based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas and to extract the surface area, volume, thickness, and curvature. The motor function and ADL were assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Upper/Lower Extremity (FMA-UE/FMA-LE) and the Chinese version of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI-C), respectively. STATISTICAL TESTS A linear mixed-effect model was applied to evaluate the relationship between the morphological features and the FMA-UE, FMA-LE, and MBI-C. A false discovery rate corrected P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Correlations between the size of stroke lesion and MRI measurements did not pass the FDR correction (adjusted P > 0.05). SBM features in motor-related and high-order cognitive cortical regions showed significant correlations with FMA-UE and FMA-LE, respectively. Moreover, the thickness in the prefrontal cortex significantly positively correlated, while the surface area in the right supramarginal gyrus significantly negatively correlated, with both FMA-UE, FMA-LE, and MBI-C. The thickness in the left frontal lobe significantly positively correlated with both FMA-UE and MBI-C. DATA CONCLUSION This study's findings suggest that different hemiparetic motor-related outcomes in participants with subcortical stroke which suffered a corticospinal tract-related injury show specific, but also share common, associations with several cortical regions. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaixing Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixuan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanchun Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Knapstad MK, Naterstad I, Bogen B. The association between cognitive impairment, gait speed, and Walk ratio. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1092990. [PMID: 37273651 PMCID: PMC10233044 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1092990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gait speed has been found to be associated with cognitive function. However, gait speed is an unspecific measure that may not be informative about gait patterns. The Walk ratio (step length divided by step frequency) can be measured without specialized equipment, and has been suggested as an indicator of central gait control. However, the association with cognitive function is unknown. Research question Is there a relationship between Walk ratio and cognitive function, and gait speed and cognitive function? Methods This was a systematic literature review of studies where spatiotemporal gait parameters was reported in populations with cognitive impairment. The search was performed through PubMed, PEDro, AMED, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. The studies had to contain either the Walk ratio, or report average step length and average step frequency. In the latter case, the average step length was divided by the average step frequency. The studies also had to report gait speed and the minimal mental state examination (MMSE). Studies testing patients on treadmills or that did not state the exclusion of patients with neurologic or orthopedic diseases, possible affecting gait ability, were excluded. Results A total of 24 studies were included, consisting of 909 patients with cognitive impairment and 4,108 healthy controls. The patient group had a lower Walk ratio (mean difference 0.07, p ≤ 0.001) and gait speed (mean difference 0.26, p ≤ 0.001) than the healthy controls. Using linear regression models, we found an association between the MMSE and the Walk ratio (R2 = 0.29, p < 0.001) and gait speed (R2 = 0.41, p < 0.001) in separate, unadjusted models. In a final model with Walk ratio, gait speed and age, Walk ratio was not significantly associated with MMSE, while gait speed was. Significance Our results suggest that preferred gait speed may be preferable to the Walk ratio when assessing older adults with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kalland Knapstad
- Department of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Ingvill Naterstad
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Bård Bogen
- Department of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
- Department of rehabilitation services, Haraldsplass Deaconal Hospital (HDS), Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
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Yang C, Gao X, Liu N, Sun H, Gong Q, Yao L, Lui S. Convergent and distinct neural structural and functional patterns of mild cognitive impairment: a multimodal meta-analysis. Cereb Cortex 2023:7169132. [PMID: 37197764 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Numerous voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) studies have provided strong evidence of abnormalities in the structure and intrinsic function of brain regions in MCI. Studies have recently begun to explore their association but have not employed systematic information in this pursuit. Herein, a multimodal meta-analysis was performed, which included 43 VBM datasets (1,247 patients and 1,352 controls) of gray matter volume (GMV) and 42 rs-fMRI datasets (1,468 patients and 1,605 controls) that combined 3 metrics: amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, and regional homogeneity. Compared to controls, patients with MCI displayed convergent reduced regional GMV and altered intrinsic activity, mainly in the default mode network and salience network. Decreased GMV alone in ventral medial prefrontal cortex and altered intrinsic function alone in bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, right lingual gyrus, and cerebellum were identified, respectively. This meta-analysis investigated complex patterns of convergent and distinct brain alterations impacting different neural networks in MCI patients, which contributes to a further understanding of the pathophysiology of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pieruccini-Faria F, Hassan Haddad SM, Bray NW, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Bartha R, Montero-Odasso M. Brain Structural Correlates of Obstacle Negotiation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Gait and Brain Study. Gerontology 2023; 69:1115-1127. [PMID: 37166343 DOI: 10.1159/000530796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects obstacle negotiation capabilities, potentially increasing the risk of falls in older adults. However, it is unclear whether smaller brain volumes typically observed in older individuals with MCI are related to the observed hazardous obstacle negotiation in this population. METHODS A total of 93 participants (71.9 ± 5.36 years of age; MCI = 53/control = 40) from the Gait and Brain Study were analyzed. Gray matter (GM) volumes from the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes were entered in the analysis. Gait performance was recorded using a 6-m electronic walkway during two cognitive load conditions while approaching and stepping over an obstacle: (1) single-task and (2) while counting backwards by 1s from 100 (dual-task). Anticipatory adjustments in gait performance to cross an "ad hoc" obstacle were electronically measured during pre-crossing phases: early (3 steps before the late phase) and late (3 steps before obstacle). Association between the percentage of change in average gait speed and step length from early to late (i.e., anticipatory adjustments) and GM volumes was investigated using multivariate models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Anticipatory adjustments in gait speed (Wilks' lambda: 0.35; Eta2: 0.64; p = 0.01) and step length (Wilks' lambda: 0.33; Eta2: 0.66; p = 0.01) during dual-task conditions were globally associated with GM volumes in MCI. Individuals with MCI with smaller GM volumes in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left hippocampus, right hippocampus, and right entorhinal cortex made significantly fewer anticipatory gait adjustments prior to crossing the obstacle. CONCLUSION Frontotemporal atrophy may affect obstacle negotiation capabilities potentially increasing the risk of falls in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nickolas W Bray
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanina Sarquis-Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Haddad SMH, Pieruccini-Faria F, Montero-Odasso M, Bartha R. Localized White Matter Tract Integrity Measured by Diffusion Tensor Imaging Is Altered in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Associated with Dual-Task and Single-Task Gait Speed. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1367-1384. [PMID: 36911933 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered white matter (WM) tract integrity may contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and gait abnormalities. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics were altered in specific portions of WM tracts in people with MCI and to determine whether gait speed variations were associated with the specific DTI metric changes. METHODS DTI was acquired in 44 people with MCI and 40 cognitively normal elderly controls (CNCs). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured along 18 major brain WM tracts using probabilistic tractography. The average FA and RD along the tracts were compared between the groups using MANCOVA and post-hoc tests. The tracts with FA or RD differences between the groups were examined using an along-tract exploratory analysis to identify locations that differed between the groups. Associations between FA and RD in whole tracts and in the segments of the tracts that differed between the groups and usual/dual-task gait velocities and gross cognition were examined. RESULTS Lower FA and higher RD was observed in right cingulum-cingulate gyrus endings (rh.ccg) of the MCI group compared to the CNC group. These changes were localized to the posterior portions of the rh.ccg and correlated with gait velocities. CONCLUSION Lower FA and higher RD in the posterior portion of the rh.ccg adjacent to the posterior cingulate suggests decreased microstructural integrity in the MCI group. The correlation of these metrics with gait velocities suggests an important role for this tract in maintaining normal cognitive-motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed M H Haddad
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Peng B, Pang C, Li M, Zhu J, Liu CF, Hu H. Correlation between parameters related to sarcopenia and gray matter volume in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:3041-3053. [PMID: 36121640 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain atrophy and closely correlated with sarcopenia. Mounting studies indicate that parameters related to sarcopenia are associated with AD, but some results show inconsistent. Furthermore, the association between the parameters related to sarcopenia and gray matter volume (GMV) has rarely been explored. AIM To investigate the correlation between parameters related to sarcopenia and cerebral GMV in AD. METHODS Demographics, neuropsychological tests, parameters related to sarcopenia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were collected from 42 patients with AD and 40 normal controls (NC). Parameters related to sarcopenia include appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, 5-times sit-to-stand (5-STS) time and 6-m gait speed. The GMV of each cerebral region of interest (ROI) and the intracranial volume were calculated by computing the numbers of the voxels in the specific region based on MRI data. Partial correlation and multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis explored the correlation between different inter-group GMV ratios in ROIs and parameters related to sarcopenia, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The 82 participants included 40 NC aged 70.13 ± 5.94 years, 24 mild AD patients aged 73.54 ± 8.27 years and 18 moderate AD patients aged 71.67 ± 9.39 years. Multivariate stepwise linear regression showed that 5-STS time and gait speed were correlated with bilateral hippocampus volume ratios in total AD. Grip strength was associated with the GMV ratio of the left middle frontal gyrus in mild AD and the GMV ratios of the right superior temporal gyrus and right hippocampus in moderate AD. However, ASMI did not have a relationship to any cerebral GMV ratio. CONCLUSIONS Among parameters related to sarcopenia, 5-STS time and gait speed were associated with bilateral hippocampus volume ratios at different clinical stages of patients with AD. Five-STS time provide an objective basis for early screening and can help diagnose patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Chunying Pang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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Koppelmans V, Silvester B, Duff K. Neural Mechanisms of Motor Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:307-344. [PMID: 35891638 PMCID: PMC9277676 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the prevalence of motor symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), their underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. Objective: This review summarizes the neural underpinnings of motor deficits in MCI and AD. Methods: We searched PubMed up until August of 2021 and identified 37 articles on neuroimaging of motor function in MCI and AD. Study bias was evaluated based on sample size, availability of control samples, and definition of the study population in terms of diagnosis. Results: The majority of studies investigated gait, showing that slower gait was associated with smaller hippocampal volume and prefrontal deactivation. Less prefrontal activation was also observed during cognitive-motor dual tasking, while more activation in cerebellar, cingulate, cuneal, somatosensory, and fusiform brain regions was observed when performing a hand squeezing task. Excessive subcortical white matter lesions in AD were associated with more signs of parkinsonism, poorer performance during a cognitive and motor dual task, and poorer functional mobility. Gait and cognitive dual-tasking was furthermore associated with cortical thickness of temporal lobe regions. Most non-gait motor measures were only reported in one study in relation to neural measures. Conclusion: Cross-sectional designs, lack of control groups, mixing amnestic- and non-amnestic MCI, disregard of sex differences, and small sample sizes limited the interpretation of several studies, which needs to be addressed in future research to progress the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Koppelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, SaltLake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin Silvester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, SaltLake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, SaltLake City, UT, USA
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Yang F, Jiang X, Yue F, Wang L, Boecker H, Han Y, Jiang J. Exploring dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study from SILCODE. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35147522 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploring functional connectivity (FC) alterations is important for the understanding of underlying neuronal network alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The objective of this study was to prove that dynamic FC can better reflect the changes of brain function in individuals with SCD compared to static FC, and further to explore the association between FC alterations and amyloid pathology in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS 101 normal control (NC) subjects, 97 SCDs, and 55 cognitive impairment (CI) subjects constituted the whole-cohort. Of these, 29 NCs and 52 SCDs with amyloid images were selected as the sub-cohort. First, independent components (ICs) were identified by independent component analysis and static and dynamic FC were calculated by pairwise correlation coefficient between ICs. Second, FC alterations were identified through group comparison, and seed-based dynamic FC analysis was done. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the seed-based dynamic FC maps and measure the group or amyloid effects. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted between the altered dynamic FC and amyloid burden. RESULTS The results showed that 42 ICs were revealed. Significantly altered dynamic FC included those between the salience/ventral attention network, the default mode network, and the visual network. Specifically, the thalamus/caudate (IC 25) drove the hub role in the group differences. In the seed-based dynamic FC analysis, the dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and the middle temporal/frontal gyrus was observed to be higher in the SCD and CI groups. Moreover, a higher dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and visual cortex was observed in the amyloid positive group. Finally, the altered dynamic FC was associated with the amyloid global standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest SCD-related alterations could be more reflected by dynamic FC than static FC, and the alterations are associated with global SUVr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Baoshan district, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Xueyan Jiang
- Hainan University, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, Haikou, 570288, CHINA
| | - Feng Yue
- Hainan University, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, Haikou, 570288, CHINA
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai University, Shangda road, Baoshan district, shanghai, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Henning Boecker
- University Hospital Bonn, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Group, Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 53127, GERMANY
| | - Ying Han
- Hainan University, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, Haikou, 570288, CHINA
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Shanghai University, Shangda road, Baoshan district, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
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Miyazaki T, Kiyama R, Nakai Y, Kawada M, Takeshita Y, Araki S, Makizako H. Relationships between Gait Regularity and Cognitive Function, including Cognitive Domains and Mild Cognitive Impairment, in Community-Dwelling Older People. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1571. [PMID: 34828617 PMCID: PMC8620724 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the correlations between gait regularity, cognitive functions including cognitive domains, and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older people. This study included 463 older adults (63.4% women, mean age: 74.1), and their step and stride regularity along the three-axis components was estimated from trunk acceleration, which was measured by inertial measurement units during a comfortable gait. Four aspects of cognitive function were assessed using a tablet computer: attention, executive function, processing speed, and memory, and participants were classified into those with or without MCI. The vertical component of stride and step regularity was associated with attention and executive function (r = -0.176--0.109, p ≤ 0.019), and processing speed (r = 0.152, p < 0.001), after it was adjusted for age and gait speed. The low vertical component of step regularity was related to the MCI after it was adjusted for covariates (OR 0.019; p = 0.016). The results revealed that cognitive function could affect gait regularity, and the vertical component of gait regularity, as measured by a wearable sensor, could play an important role in investigating cognitive decline in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takasuke Miyazaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.A.); (H.M.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Central Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan;
| | - Ryoji Kiyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.A.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.A.); (H.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Kagoshima 899-4395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kawada
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.A.); (H.M.)
| | - Yasufumi Takeshita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Central Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan;
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan
| | - Sota Araki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.A.); (H.M.)
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.A.); (H.M.)
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Solorio AK, Kulesza RJ, Torres-Jardón R, González-González LO, García-Arreola B, Chávez-Franco DA, Luévano-Castro SC, Hernández-Castillo A, Carlos-Hernández E, Solorio-López E, Crespo-Cortés CN, García-Rojas E, Mukherjee PS. Gait and balance disturbances are common in young urbanites and associated with cognitive impairment. Air pollution and the historical development of Alzheimer's disease in the young. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110087. [PMID: 32890478 PMCID: PMC7467072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether gait and balance dysfunction are present in young urbanites exposed to fine particular matter PM2.5 ≥ annual USEPA standard, we tested gait and balance with Tinetti and Berg tests in 575 clinically healthy subjects, age 21.0 ± 5.7 y who were residents in Metropolitan Mexico City, Villahermosa and Reynosa. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was also applied to an independent cohort n:76, age 23.3 ± 9.1 y. In the 575 cohort, 75.4% and 34.4% had abnormal total Tinetti and Berg scores and high risk of falls in 17.2% and 5.7% respectively. BMI impacted negatively Tinetti and Berg performance. Gait dysfunction worsen with age and males performed worse than females. Gait and balance dysfunction were associated with mild cognitive impairment MCI (19.73%) and dementia (55.26%) in 57/76 and 19 cognitively intact subjects had gait and balance dysfunction. Seventy-five percent of urbanites exposed to PM2.5 had gait and balance dysfunction. For MMC residents-with historical documented Alzheimer disease (AD) and CSF abnormalities, these findings suggest Alzheimer Continuum is in progress. Early development of a Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome ought to be considered in city dwellers with normal cognition and gait dysfunction. The AD research frame in PM2.5 exposed young urbanites should include gait and balance measurements. Multicity teens and young adult cohorts are warranted for quantitative gait and balance measurements and neuropsychological and brain imaging studies in high vs low PM2.5 exposures. Early identification of gait and balance impairment in young air pollution-exposed urbanites would facilitate multidisciplinary prevention efforts for modifying the course of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Randy J Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
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Xu W, Chen S, Xue C, Hu G, Ma W, Qi W, Lin X, Chen J. Functional MRI-Specific Alterations in Executive Control Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An ALE Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:578863. [PMID: 33192472 PMCID: PMC7581707 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.578863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. MCI individuals with deficits in executive function are at higher risk for progressing to AD dementia. Currently, there is no consistent result for alterations in the executive control network (ECN) in MCI, which makes early prediction of AD conversion difficult. The aim of the study was to find functional MRI-specific alterations in ECN in MCI patients by expounding on the convergence of brain regions with functional abnormalities in ECN. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify neuroimaging studies using methods including the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation/fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and functional connectivity in MCI patients. Based on the Activation Likelihood Estimation algorithm, the coordinate-based meta-analysis and functional meta-analytic connectivity modeling were conducted. Results: A total of 25 functional imaging studies with MCI patients were included in a quantitative meta-analysis. By summarizing the included articles, we obtained specific brain region changes, mainly including precuneus, cuneus, lingual gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum posterior lobe, in the ECN based on these three methods. The specific abnormal brain regions indicated that there were interactions between the ECN and other networks. Conclusions: This study confirms functional imaging specific abnormal markers in ECN and its interaction with other networks in MCI. It provides novel targets and pathways for individualized and precise interventions to delay the progression of MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Van Pelt KL, Koehl L, Caban‐Holt A, Anderson‐Mooney A, Head E, Schmitt FA. Feasibility of dual-task gait to estimate Alzheimer's related cognitive decline in Down syndrome. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12092. [PMID: 32875058 PMCID: PMC7447907 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The striatum and frontal lobes have been shown to have early Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and are critical for motor and cognitive function. We hypothesized gait would be associated with early-stage dementia in Down syndrome (DS), a cohort at risk for AD. METHODS Twenty-eight participants with DS were enrolled in the study. Participants walked at their self-selected pace and while completing a dual task (counting, obstacle, or counting+obstacle). RESULTS All participants were able to complete the self-paced condition and 78.57-96.42% completed the dual-task conditions. There was a trend for greater dual-task effects on gait velocity based on dementia diagnosis. Gait velocity had stronger associations with clinical dementia assessments than age or diagnosis. DISCUSSION A dual-task gait paradigm is feasible to conduct with adults with DS and is associated with age and cognitive impairment. Dual-task gait may serve as an indicator of early stage dementia in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Koehl
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California—IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Frederick A. Schmitt
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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