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Zecca C, Tortelli R, Carrera P, Dell'Abate MT, Logroscino G, Ferrari M. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia-parkinsonian syndromes and advanced diagnostic approaches. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 60:171-188. [PMID: 36510705 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2150833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized mainly by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Based on clinical presentation, three main clinical syndromes have traditionally been described: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, over the last 20 years, it has been recognized that cognitive phenotypes often overlap with motor phenotypes, either motor neuron diseases or parkinsonian signs and/or syndromes like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cortico-basal syndrome (CBS). Furthermore, FTD-related genes are characterized by genetic pleiotropy and can cause, even in the same family, pure motor phenotypes, findings that underlie the clinical continuum of the spectrum, which has pure cognitive and pure motor phenotypes as the extremes. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-motor neuron disease, has been well defined and extensively investigated, while the continuum, FTD-parkinsonism, lacks a comprehensive review. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about the genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-parkinsonism, focusing on the phenotypes that are less frequent than bvFTD, namely nfPPA, svPPA, PSP, CBS, and cognitive-motor overlapping phenotypes (i.e. PPA + PSP). From a pathological point of view, they are characterized mainly by the presence of phosphorylated-tau inclusions, either 4 R or 3 R. The genetic correlate of the spectrum can be heterogeneous, although some variants seem to lead preferentially to specific clinical syndromes. Furthermore, we critically review the contribution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in disentangling the complex heritability of the FTD-parkinsonism spectrum and in defining the genotype-phenotype correlation of the entire clinical scenario, owing to the ability of these techniques to test multiple genes, and so to allow detailed investigations of the overlapping phenotypes. Finally, we conclude with the importance of a detailed genetic characterization and we offer to patients and families the chance to be included in future randomized clinical trials focused on autosomal dominant forms of FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy.,Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Santamaría-García H, Ogonowsky N, Baez S, Palacio N, Reyes P, Schulte M, López A, Matallana D, Ibanez A. Neurocognitive patterns across genetic levels in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a multiple single cases study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:454. [PMID: 36474176 PMCID: PMC9724347 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has been related to different genetic factors. Identifying multimodal phenotypic heterogeneity triggered by various genetic influences is critical for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. However, the specific impact of different genetic levels (mutations vs. risk variants vs. sporadic presentations) on clinical and neurocognitive phenotypes is not entirely understood, specially in patites from underrepresented regions such as Colombia. METHODS Here, in a multiple single cases study, we provide systematic comparisons regarding cognitive, neuropsychiatric, brain atrophy, and gene expression-atrophy overlap in a novel cohort of FTD patients (n = 42) from Colombia with different genetic levels, including patients with known genetic influences (G-FTD) such as those with genetic mutations (GR1) in particular genes (MAPT, TARDBP, and TREM2); patients with risk variants (GR2) in genes associated with FTD (tau Haplotypes H1 and H2 and APOE variants including ε2, ε3, ε4); and sporadic FTD patients (S-FTD (GR3)). RESULTS We found that patients from GR1 and GR2 exhibited earlier disease onset, pervasive cognitive impairments (cognitive screening, executive functioning, ToM), and increased brain atrophy (prefrontal areas, cingulated cortices, basal ganglia, and inferior temporal gyrus) than S-FTD patients (GR3). No differences in disease duration were observed across groups. Additionally, significant neuropsychiatric symptoms were observed in the GR1. The GR1 also presented more clinical and neurocognitive compromise than GR2 patients; these groups, however, did not display differences in disease onset or duration. APOE and tau patients showed more neuropsychiatric symptoms and primary atrophy in parietal and temporal cortices than GR1 patients. The gene-atrophy overlap analysis revealed atrophy in regions with specific genetic overexpression in all G-FTD patients. A differential family presentation did not explain the results. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the existence of genetic levels affecting the clinical, neurocognitive, and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychiatric presentation of bvFTD in the present underrepresented sample. These results support tailored assessments characterization based on the parallels of genetic levels and neurocognitive profiles in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaría-García
- PhD program in Neuroscience, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Memory and cognition Center, Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Department of Neurology, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Natalia Ogonowsky
- CONICET & Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Baez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicole Palacio
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Reyes
- PhD program in Neuroscience, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michael Schulte
- CONICET & Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea López
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Agustín Ibanez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, & National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Trinity Collegue of Dublin, Dublin, Irland.
- Global Brain Health Insititute, Universidad California San Francisco-Trinity College of Dublin, San Francisco, USA.
- Global Brain Health Insititute, Universidad California San Francisco-Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Irland.
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Stocks J, Popuri K, Heywood A, Tosun D, Alpert K, Beg MF, Rosen H, Wang L. Network-wise concordance of multimodal neuroimaging features across the Alzheimer's disease continuum. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12304. [PMID: 35496375 PMCID: PMC9043119 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Concordance between cortical atrophy and cortical glucose hypometabolism within distributed brain networks was evaluated among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-defined amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) groups. Method We computed correlations between cortical thickness and fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism within 12 functional brain networks. Differences among A/T/N groups (biomarker normal [BN], Alzheimer's disease [AD] continuum, suspected non-AD pathologic change [SNAP]) in network concordance and relationships to longitudinal change in cognition were assessed. Results Network-wise markers of concordance distinguish SNAP subjects from BN subjects within the posterior multimodal and language networks. AD-continuum subjects showed increased concordance in 9/12 networks assessed compared to BN subjects, as well as widespread atrophy and hypometabolism. Baseline network concordance was associated with longitudinal change in a composite memory variable in both SNAP and AD-continuum subjects. Conclusions Our novel study investigates the interrelationships between atrophy and hypometabolism across brain networks in A/T/N groups, helping disentangle the structure-function relationships that contribute to both clinical outcomes and diagnostic uncertainty in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Stocks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Karteek Popuri
- School of Engineering ScienceSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ashley Heywood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CaliforniaUSA
| | - Kate Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering ScienceSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Howard Rosen
- School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CaliforniaUSA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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Silva MC, Nandi G, Donovan KA, Cai Q, Berry BC, Nowak RP, Fischer ES, Gray NS, Ferguson FM, Haggarty SJ. Discovery and Optimization of Tau Targeted Protein Degraders Enabled by Patient Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Neuronal Models of Tauopathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:801179. [PMID: 35317195 PMCID: PMC8934437 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.801179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded, aggregating proteins concurrent with disease onset and progression is a hallmark of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. An important class of these are tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), associated with accumulation of aberrant forms of tau protein in the brain. Pathological tau undergoes abnormal post-translational modifications, misfolding, oligomerization and changes in solubility, cellular redistribution, and spreading. Development and testing of experimental therapeutics that target these pathological tau conformers requires use of cellular models that recapitulate neuronal endogenous, non-heterologous tau expression under genomic and physiological contexts relevant to disease. In this study, we employed FTD-patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived neurons, expressing a tau variant or mutation, as primary models for driving a medicinal chemistry campaign around tau targeting degrader series. Our screening goal was to establish structure-activity relationships (SAR) for the different chemical series to identify the molecular composition that most efficiently led to tau degradation in human FTD ex vivo neurons. We describe the identification of the lead compound QC-01-175 and follow-up optimization strategies for this molecule. We present three final lead molecules with tau degradation activity in mutant neurons, which establishes potential disease relevance and will drive future studies on specificity and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ghata Nandi
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bethany C. Berry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Radoslaw P. Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fleur M. Ferguson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Fleur M. Ferguson,
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Stephen J. Haggarty,
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Leveille E, Ross OA, Gan-Or Z. Tau and MAPT genetics in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 90:142-154. [PMID: 34593302 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MAPT encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and found in other protein aggregates. These aggregates are among the pathological hallmarks of primary tauopathies such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Abnormal tau can also be observed in secondary tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). On top of pathological findings, genetic data also links MAPT to these disorders. MAPT variations are a cause or risk factors for many tauopathies and synucleinopathies and are associated with certain clinical and pathological features in affected individuals. In addition to clinical, pathological, and genetic overlap, evidence also suggests that tau and alpha-synuclein may interact on the molecular level, and thus might collaborate in the neurodegenerative process. Understanding the role of MAPT variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies is therefore essential to elucidate the role of tau in the pathogenesis and phenotype of those disorders, and ultimately to develop targeted therapies. In this review, we describe the role of MAPT genetic variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies, several genotype-phenotype and pathological features, and discuss their implications for the classification and treatment of those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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High-content image-based analysis and proteomic profiling identifies Tau phosphorylation inhibitors in a human iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal model of tauopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17029. [PMID: 34426604 PMCID: PMC8382845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). MAPT mutations are associated with abnormal tau phosphorylation levels and accumulation of misfolded tau protein that can propagate between neurons ultimately leading to cell death (tauopathy). Recently, a p.A152T tau variant was identified as a risk factor for FTD, Alzheimer's disease, and synucleinopathies. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a patient carrying this p.A152T variant to create a robust, functional cellular assay system for probing pathophysiological tau accumulation and phosphorylation. Using stably transduced iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells engineered to enable inducible expression of the pro-neural transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2), we generated disease-relevant, cortical-like glutamatergic neurons in a scalable, high-throughput screening compatible format. Utilizing automated confocal microscopy, and an advanced image-processing pipeline optimized for analysis of morphologically complex human neuronal cultures, we report quantitative, subcellular localization-specific effects of multiple kinase inhibitors on tau, including ones under clinical investigation not previously reported to affect tau phosphorylation. These results demonstrate the potential for using patient iPSC-derived ex vivo models of tauopathy as genetically accurate, disease-relevant systems to probe tau biochemistry and support the discovery of novel therapeutics for tauopathies.
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Caso F, Agosta F, Magnani G, Cardamone R, Borghesani V, Miller Z, Riva N, La Joie R, Coppola G, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Filippi M. Temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia in C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers: two case studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:336-345. [PMID: 32180125 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia (tv-FTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex clinical picture mainly characterized by behavioral and language disorders. In this work, we describe clinical, genetic, neuroanatomical and neuropathological (only in one case) features of two patients with tv-FTD carrying C9orf72 repeat expansion. The first patient (AB) presented with a 1-year disease duration showing focal right anterior temporal lobe (ATL) atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The second patient (BC) came to medical attention 13 years after disease onset and showed a prominent bilateral ATL involvement. Both patients showed naming deficits, impairment in identifying known faces and proper names, and personality changes with new onset behavioral rigidity, and progressing language difficulties to single-word and sentence comprehension difficulties. They were classified as tv-FTD. Clinical, cognitive and MRI follow-up were performed. As cognitive impairment progressed, MRI atrophy worsened in ATL and frontotemporal areas in both patients. Both cases had clear family histories of neurological and/or psychiatric disease. Genetic testing revealed a C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in both cases. BC passed away after 15 years of disease and autopsy showed the expected TDP-type B pathology. These genetic cases of tv-FTD highlight the susceptibility of ATL to C9orf72-related pathology and emphasize the importance of genetical testing in FTD-spectrum disorders, regardless of the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. .,Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Schweyer K, Busche MA, Hammes J, Zwergal A, Buhmann C, van Eimeren T, Höglinger GU. Pearls & Oy-sters: Ocular motor apraxia as essential differential diagnosis to supranuclear gaze palsy: Eyes up. Neurology 2019; 90:482-485. [PMID: 29507134 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schweyer
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany
| | - Jochen Hammes
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.S., M.A.B., G.U.H.) and Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.A.B), Technical University of Munich; Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.H., T.v.E.), University Hospital of Cologne; Department of Neurology and the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ) (A.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.v.E.), Bonn/Cologne; and DZNE Munich (K.S., G.U.H.), Germany.
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Kim EJ, Brown JA, Deng J, Hwang JHL, Spina S, Miller ZA, DeMay MG, Valcour V, Karydas A, Ramos EM, Coppola G, Miller BL, Rosen HJ, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT. Mixed TDP-43 proteinopathy and tauopathy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: nine case series. J Neurol 2018; 265:2960-2971. [PMID: 30324308 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical, anatomical, genetic and pathological features of dual frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathology: FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP-43 in a large clinicopathological cohort. METHODS We selected subjects with mixed FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau from 247 FTLD cases from the University of California, San Francisco, Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank collected between 2000 and 2016 and compared their clinical, anatomical, genetic, imaging and pathological signatures with those of subjects with pure FTLD. RESULTS We found nine cases (3.6%) with prominent FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau. Six cases were sporadic, whereas one case had a C9ORF72 expansion, another had a TARDBP A90V variant, and the other had an MAPT p.A152T variant. The subtypes of FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau varied. Mixed FTLD cases were older and tended to show a higher burden of Alzheimer disease pathology (3/9, 33%). The neuroimaging signature of mixed cases, in general, included more widespread atrophy than that of pure groups. Specifically, cases of mixed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) with FTLD-TDP showed more prominent asymmetric left-sided atrophy than did those of pure CBD. However, the clinical phenotype of mixed cases was similar to that seen in pure FTLD. CONCLUSIONS Although patients with mixed FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau are rare, in-depth clinical, pathological and genetic investigations may shed light on the genetic and biochemical pathways that cause the accumulation of multiple proteinaceous inclusions and inform therapeutic targets that may be beneficial to each one of these abnormal protein misfoldings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse A Brown
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jersey Deng
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ji-Hye L Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mary G DeMay
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Victor Valcour
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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10
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Choudhary B, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM, Pir GJ. Glutamatergic nervous system degeneration in a C. elegans Tau A152T tauopathy model involves pathways of excitotoxicity and Ca 2+ dysregulation. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:189-202. [PMID: 29894752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Tau (MAPT-microtubule-associated protein tau) cause a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies. A recently identified Tau variant, p.A152T, has been reported as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia-related disorders and Alzheimer disease. However, the mechanism for the pathologies still remain poorly understood. Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing mutant 2N4R-TauA152T (TauAT) panneuronally show locomotor defects, neurodegeneration and accelerated aging. Here we report that, in TauAT animals, the glutamatergic nervous system is at a high risk of progressive neuronal loss. We present genetic data that this loss occurs predominantly through necrosis. The neuronal loss is caused by several determinants, such as altered adenylyl cyclase (type AC9) pathway, prevalence of excitotoxicity-like conditions, aging-related factors and finally dyshomeostasis of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms involved in selective loss of glutamatergic neurons in a TauAT tauopathy model which could point to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Choudhary
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud St. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrsse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Neuronal levels and sequence of tau modulate the power of brain rhythms. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:181-188. [PMID: 29859869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural network dysfunction may contribute to functional decline and disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders. Diverse lines of evidence suggest that neuronal accumulation of tau promotes network dysfunction and cognitive decline. The A152T-variant of human tau (hTau-A152T) increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and several other tauopathies. When overexpressed in neurons of transgenic mice, it causes age-dependent neuronal loss and cognitive decline, as well as non-convulsive epileptic activity, which is also seen in patients with AD. Using intracranial EEG recordings with electrodes implanted over the parietal cortex, we demonstrate that hTau-A152T increases the power of brain oscillations in the 0.5-6 Hz range more than wildtype human tau in transgenic lines with comparable levels of human tau protein in brain, and that genetic ablation of endogenous tau in Mapt-/- mice decreases the power of these oscillations as compared to wildtype controls. Suppression of hTau-A152T production in doxycycline-regulatable transgenic mice reversed their abnormal network activity. Treatment of hTau-A152T mice with the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam also rapidly and persistently reversed their brain dysrhythmia and network hypersynchrony. These findings suggest that both the level and the sequence of tau modulate the power of specific brain oscillations. The potential of EEG spectral changes as a biomarker deserves to be explored in clinical trials of tau-lowering therapeutics. Our results also suggest that levetiracetam treatment is able to counteract tau-dependent neural network dysfunction. Tau reduction and levetiracetam treatment may be of benefit in AD and other conditions associated with brain dysrhythmias and network hypersynchrony.
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12
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Sánchez MP, García-Cabrero AM, Sánchez-Elexpuru G, Burgos DF, Serratosa JM. Tau-Induced Pathology in Epilepsy and Dementia: Notions from Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041092. [PMID: 29621183 PMCID: PMC5979593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dementia present epilepsy more frequently than the general population. Seizures are more common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in other dementias. Missense mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene have been found to cause familial FTD and PSP, while the P301S mutation in MAPT has been associated with early-onset fast progressive dementia and the presence of seizures. Brains of patients with AD, LBD, FTD and PSP show hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, amyloid-β plaques and neuropil threads. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of overlapping mechanisms related to the generation of network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. Neuronal overexpression of tau with various mutations found in FTD with parkinsonism-linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) in mice produces epileptic activity. On the other hand, the use of certain antiepileptic drugs in animal models with AD prevents cognitive impairment. Further efforts should be made to search for plausible common targets for both conditions. Moreover, attempts should also be made to evaluate the use of drugs targeting tau and amyloid-β as suitable pharmacological interventions in epileptic disorders. The diagnosis of dementia and epilepsy in early stages of those diseases may be helpful for the initiation of treatments that could prevent the generation of epileptic activity and cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M García-Cabrero
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Protein Tools Unit, Biotechnology National Center (CNB/CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gentzane Sánchez-Elexpuru
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive changes in behavior, personality, and language with involvement of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. About 40% of FTD cases have a positive family history, and about 10% of these cases are inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. These gene defects present with distinct clinical phenotypes. As the diagnosis of FTD becomes more recognizable, it will become increasingly important to keep these gene mutations in mind. In this chapter, we review the genes with known associations to FTD. We discuss protein functions, mutation frequencies, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, and pathology associated with these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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14
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Young JJ, Lavakumar M, Tampi D, Balachandran S, Tampi RR. Frontotemporal dementia: latest evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2018; 8:33-48. [PMID: 29344342 PMCID: PMC5761910 DOI: 10.1177/2045125317739818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) describes a cluster of neurocognitive syndromes that present with impairment of executive functioning, changes in behavior, and a decrease in language proficiency. FTD is the second most common form of dementia in those younger than 65 years and is expected to increase in prevalence as the population ages. This goal in our review is to describe advances in the understanding of neurobiological pathology, classification, assessment, and treatment of FTD syndromes. METHODS PubMed was searched to obtain reviews and studies that pertain to advancements in genetics, neurobiology, neuroimaging, classification, and treatment of FTD syndromes. Articles were chosen with a predilection to more recent preclinical/clinical trials and systematic reviews. RESULTS Recent reviews and trials indicate a significant advancement in the understanding of molecular and neurobiological clinical correlates to variants of FTD. Genetic and histopathologic markers have only recently been discovered in the past decade. Current therapeutic modalities are limited, with most studies reporting improvement in symptoms with nonpharmacological interventions. However, a small number of studies have reported improvement of behavioral symptoms with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. Stimulants may help with disinhibition, apathy, and risk-taking behavior. Memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors have not demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating FTD symptoms. Antipsychotics have been used to treat agitation and psychosis, but safety concerns and side effect profiles limit utilization in the general FTD population. Nevertheless, recent breakthroughs in the understanding of FTD pathology have led to developments in pharmacological interventions that focus on producing treatments with autoimmune, genetic, and molecular targets. CONCLUSION FTD is an underdiagnosed group of neurological syndromes comprising multiple variants with distinct neurobiological profiles and presentations. Recent advances suggest there is an array of potential novel therapeutic targets, although data concerning their effectiveness are still preliminary or preclinical. Further studies are required to develop pharmacological interventions, as there are currently no US Food and Drug administration approved treatments to manage FTD syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Joseph Young
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mallika Lavakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deena Tampi
- Mercy Regional Medical Center, 3700 Kolbe Rd, Lorain, OH 44053, USA
| | - Silpa Balachandran
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rajesh R Tampi
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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15
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Tang M, Reitz C. Genetics of Alzheimer's disease: an update. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in western societies, has a significant genetic component. The recent technological advances in high-throughput genome technologies have enabled the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci. These findings have significantly advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying AD etiology, and have therefore provided valuable information for the development of targets for genetic testing, prevention and treatment. This article reviews these recent findings in AD genomics and discusses their implications for understanding the molecular underpinnings of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
- The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Moreno F, Indakoetxea B, Barandiaran M, Caballero MC, Gorostidi A, Calafell F, Gabilondo A, Tainta M, Zulaica M, Martí Massó JF, López de Munain A, Sánchez-Juan P, Lee SE. The unexpected co-occurrence of GRN and MAPT p.A152T in Basque families: Clinical and pathological characteristics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178093. [PMID: 28594853 PMCID: PMC5464560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of the c.709-1G>A GRN mutation and the p.A152T MAPT variant has been identified in 18 Basque families affected by frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We aimed to investigate the influence of the p.A152T MAPT variant on the clinical and neuropathological features of these Basque GRN families. METHODS AND FINDINGS We compared clinical characteristics of 14 patients who carried the c.709-1G>A GRN mutation (GRN+/A152T-) with 21 patients who carried both the c.709-1G>A GRN mutation and the p.A152T MAPT variant (GRN+/A152T+). Neuropsychological data (n = 17) and plasma progranulin levels (n = 23) were compared between groups, and 7 subjects underwent neuropathological studies. We genotyped six short tandem repeat markers in the two largest families. By the analysis of linkage disequilibrium decay in the haplotype block we estimated the time when the first ancestor to carry both genetic variants emerged. GRN+/A152T+ and GRN+/A152T- patients shared similar clinical and neuropsychological features and plasma progranulin levels. All were diagnosed with an FTD disorder, including behavioral variant FTD or non fluent / agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia, and shared a similar pattern of neuropsychological deficits, predominantly in executive function, memory, and language. All seven participants with available brain autopsies (6 GRN+/A152T+, 1 GRN+/A152T-) showed frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (type A classification), which is characteristic of GRN carriers. Additionally, all seven showed mild to moderate tau inclusion burden: five cases lacked β-amyloid pathology and two cases had Alzheimer's pathology. The co-occurrence of both genes within one individual is recent, with the birth of the first GRN+/A152T+ individual estimated to be within the last 50 generations (95% probability). CONCLUSIONS In our sample, the p.A152T MAPT variant does not appear to show a discernible influence on the clinical phenotype of GRN carriers. Whether p.A152T confers a greater than expected propensity for tau pathology in these GRN carriers remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermin Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Begoña Indakoetxea
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiaran
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - María Cristina Caballero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Donostia, from the Basque Biobank for Research (OEHUN), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Francesc Calafell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alazne Gabilondo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bidasoa, Irun, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José F. Martí Massó
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ‘Marqués de Valdecilla’ University Hospital, University of Cantabria, Institute for Research ‘Marqués de Valdecilla’ (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Suzee E. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
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17
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Jungverdorben J, Till A, Brüstle O. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based modeling of neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:705-718. [PMID: 28593578 PMCID: PMC5487699 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of cell reprogramming has enabled the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient skin fibroblasts or blood cells and their subsequent differentiation into tissue-specific cells, including neurons and glia. This approach can be used to recapitulate disease-specific phenotypes in classical cell culture paradigms and thus represents an invaluable asset for disease modeling and drug validation in the framework of personalized medicine. The autophagy pathway is a ubiquitous eukaryotic degradation and recycling system, which relies on lysosomal degradation of unwanted and potentially cytotoxic components. The relevance of autophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is underlined by the observation that disease-linked genetic variants of susceptibility factors frequently result in dysregulation of autophagic-lysosomal pathways. In particular, disrupted autophagy is implied in the accumulation of potentially neurotoxic products such as protein aggregates and their precursors and defective turnover of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here, we review the current state of iPSC-based assessment of autophagic dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative disease modeling. The collected data show that iPSC technology is capable to reveal even subtle alterations in subcellular homeostatic processes, which form the molecular basis for disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Jungverdorben
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Lopez A, Lee SE, Wojta K, Ramos EM, Klein E, Chen J, Boxer AL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Geschwind DH, Schlotawa L, Ogryzko NV, Bigio EH, Rogalski E, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM, Fleming A, Coppola G, Miller BL, Rubinsztein DC. A152T tau allele causes neurodegeneration that can be ameliorated in a zebrafish model by autophagy induction. Brain 2017; 140:1128-1146. [PMID: 28334843 PMCID: PMC5382950 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding tau (MAPT) cause frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders. A rare tau variant p.A152T was reported as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia spectrum and Alzheimer’s disease in an initial case-control study. Such findings need replication in an independent cohort. We analysed an independent multinational cohort comprising 3100 patients with neurodegenerative disease and 4351 healthy control subjects and found p.A152T associated with significantly higher risk for clinically defined frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome. To assess the functional and biochemical consequences of this variant, we generated transgenic zebrafish models expressing wild-type or A152T-tau, where A152T caused neurodegeneration and proteasome compromise. Impaired proteasome activity may also enhance accumulation of other proteins associated with this variant. We increased A152T clearance kinetics by both pharmacological and genetic upregulation of autophagy and ameliorated the disease pathology observed in A152T-tau fish. Thus, autophagy-upregulating therapies may be a strategy for the treatment for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wojta
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Nikolay V Ogryzko
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marsel M Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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19
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Tosto G, Reitz C. Genomics of Alzheimer's disease: Value of high-throughput genomic technologies to dissect its etiology. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:397-403. [PMID: 27618776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder in western countries, is clinically defined by progressive worsening in cognitive functions along with function and behavioral impairment. This ultimately results in complete incapacity and death. AD is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease, and this is reflected by the numerous genetic findings that point to several diverse molecular mechanisms and pathways. Linkage, genome-wide association and next-generation sequencing studies have led to the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci for AD. While these observations have significantly increased the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, a large part of the genetic component underlying AD is still unexplained. This review will summarize and discuss the major genetic findings and their potential impact on AD diagnosis and prediction of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tosto
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Dept. of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Pastor P, Moreno F, Clarimón J, Ruiz A, Combarros O, Calero M, López de Munain A, Bullido MJ, de Pancorbo MM, Carro E, Antonell A, Coto E, Ortega-Cubero S, Hernandez I, Tárraga L, Boada M, Lleó A, Dols-Icardo O, Kulisevsky J, Vázquez-Higuera JL, Infante J, Rábano A, Fernández-Blázquez MÁ, Valentí M, Indakoetxea B, Barandiarán M, Gorostidi A, Frank-García A, Sastre I, Lorenzo E, Pastor MA, Elcoroaristizabal X, Lennarz M, Maier W, Rámirez A, Serrano-Ríos M, Lee SE, Sánchez-Juan P. MAPT H1 Haplotype is Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Risk in APOEɛ4 Noncarriers: Results from the Dementia Genetics Spanish Consortium. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:343-52. [PMID: 26444794 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The MAPT H1 haplotype has been linked to several disorders, but its relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains controversial. A rare variant in MAPT (p.A152T) has been linked with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and AD. We genotyped H1/H2 and p.A152T MAPT in 11,572 subjects from Spain (4,327 AD, 563 FTD, 648 Parkinson's disease (PD), 84 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 5,950 healthy controls). Additionally, we included 101 individuals from 21 families with genetic FTD. MAPT p.A152T was borderline significantly associated with FTD [odds ratio (OR) = 2.03; p = 0.063], but not with AD. MAPT H1 haplotype was associated with AD risk (OR = 1.12; p = 0.0005). Stratification analysis showed that this association was mainly driven by APOE ɛ4 noncarriers (OR = 1.14; p = 0.0025). MAPT H1 was also associated with risk for PD (OR = 1.30; p = 0.0003) and PSP (OR = 3.18; p = 8.59 × 10-8) but not FTD. Our results suggest that the MAPT H1 haplotype increases the risk of PD, PSP, and non-APOE ɛ4 AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitario Donostia. San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Institut Catalá de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Onofre Combarros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Institut Catalá de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitario Donostia. San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Institute Biodonostia and Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country, UPV-EHU San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Sanitary Research"Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernandez
- Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Institut Catalá de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Institut Catalá de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Institut Catalá de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Vázquez-Higuera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neuropathology and Tissue Bank, Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Blázquez
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Valentí
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Indakoetxea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitario Donostia. San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiarán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology. Hospital Universitario Donostia. San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Institute Biodonostia and Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country, UPV-EHU San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Sanitary Research"Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain.,NeurologyService, Hospital Universitario La Paz (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Sanitary Research"Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lorenzo
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Elcoroaristizabal
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Martina Lennarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Rámirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Serrano-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Spain, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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21
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Silva MC, Cheng C, Mair W, Almeida S, Fong H, Biswas MHU, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Temple S, Coppola G, Geschwind DH, Karydas A, Miller BL, Kosik KS, Gao FB, Steen JA, Haggarty SJ. Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Model of Tau-A152T Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Tau-Mediated Mechanisms of Neuronal Vulnerability. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:325-340. [PMID: 27594585 PMCID: PMC5032560 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and other tauopathies characterized by focal brain neurodegeneration and pathological accumulation of proteins are commonly associated with tau mutations. However, the mechanism of neuronal loss is not fully understood. To identify molecular events associated with tauopathy, we studied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from individuals carrying the tau-A152T variant. We highlight the potential of in-depth phenotyping of human neuronal cell models for pre-clinical studies and identification of modulators of endogenous tau toxicity. Through a panel of biochemical and cellular assays, A152T neurons showed accumulation, redistribution, and decreased solubility of tau. Upregulation of tau was coupled to enhanced stress-inducible markers and cell vulnerability to proteotoxic, excitotoxic, and mitochondrial stressors, which was rescued upon CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of tau or by pharmacological activation of autophagy. Our findings unmask tau-mediated perturbations of specific pathways associated with neuronal vulnerability, revealing potential early disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for FTD and other tauopathies. Upregulation of tau and phospho-tau in FTD patient iPSC-derived tau A152T neurons Upregulation of insoluble tau in A152T neurons Altered proteostasis stress-inducible pathways in tau A152T neurons Tau-dependent vulnerability to stress in A152T neurons reverted by tau downregulation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catarina Silva
- Department of Neurology, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chialin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Waltraud Mair
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Helen Fong
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - M Helal U Biswas
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Judith A Steen
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Department of Neurology, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Pir GJ, Choudhary B, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM. Tau mutant A152T, a risk factor for FTD/PSP, induces neuronal dysfunction and reduced lifespan independently of aggregation in a C. elegans Tauopathy model. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:33. [PMID: 27118310 PMCID: PMC4847334 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A certain number of mutations in the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (MAPT) gene have been identified in individuals with high risk to develop neurodegenerative diseases, collectively called tauopathies. The mutation A152TMAPT was recently identified in patients diagnosed with frontotemporal spectrum disorders, including Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). The A152TMAPT mutation is unusual since it lies within the N-terminal region of Tau protein, far outside the repeat domain that is responsible for physiological Tau-microtubule interactions and pathological Tau aggregation. How A152TMAPT causes neurodegeneration remains elusive. RESULTS To understand the pathological consequences of this mutation, here we present a new Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing the mutant A152TMAPT in neurons. While expression of full-length wild-type human tau (Tau(wt), 2N4R) in C. elegans neurons induces a progressive mild uncoordinated locomotion in a dose-dependent manner, mutant tau (Tau(A152T), 2N4R) induces a severe paralysis accompanied by acute neuronal dysfunction. Mutant Tau(A152T) worms display morphological changes in neurons reminiscent of neuronal aging and a shortened life-span. Moreover, mutant A152T overexpressing neurons show mislocalization of pre-synaptic proteins as well as distorted mitochondrial distribution and trafficking. Strikingly, mutant tau-transgenic worms do not accumulate insoluble tau aggregates, although soluble oligomeric tau was detected. In addition, the full-length A152T-tau remains in a pathological conformation that accounts for its toxicity. Moreover, the N-terminal region of tau is not toxic per se, despite the fact that it harbours the A152T mutation, but requires the C-terminal region including the repeat domain to move into the neuronal processes in order to execute the pathology. CONCLUSION In summary, we show that the mutant Tau(A152T) induces neuronal dysfunction, morphological alterations in neurons akin to aging phenotype and reduced life-span independently of aggregation. This comprehensive description of the pathology due to Tau(A152T) opens up multiple possibilities to identify cellular targets involved in the Tau-dependent pathology for a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bikash Choudhary
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
- Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
- Caesar Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Gasca-Salas C, Masellis M, Khoo E, Shah BB, Fisman D, Lang AE, Kleiner-Fisman G. Characterization of Movement Disorder Phenomenology in Genetically Proven, Familial Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153852. [PMID: 27100392 PMCID: PMC4839564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in granulin (PGRN) and tau (MAPT), and hexanucleotide repeat expansions near the C9orf72 genes are the most prevalent genetic causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Although behavior, language and movement presentations are common, the relationship between genetic subgroup and movement disorder phenomenology is unclear. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature characterizing the spectrum and prevalence of movement disorders in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Methods Electronic databases were searched using terms related to frontotemporal lobar degeneration and movement disorders. Articles were included when cases had a proven genetic cause. Study-specific prevalence estimates for clinical features were transformed using Freeman-Tukey arcsine transformation, allowing for pooled estimates of prevalence to be generated using random-effects models. Results The mean age at onset was earlier in those with MAPT mutations compared to PGRN (p<0.001) and C9orf72 (p = 0.024). 66.5% of subjects had an initial non-movement presentation that was most likely a behavioral syndrome (35.7%). At any point during the disease, parkinsonism was the most common movement syndrome reported in 79.8% followed by progressive supranuclear palsy (PSPS) and corticobasal (CBS) syndromes in 12.2% and 10.7%, respectively. The prevalence of movement disorder as initial presentation was higher in MAPT subjects (35.8%) compared to PGRN subjects (10.1). In those with a non-movement presentation, language disorder was more common in PGRN subjects (18.7%) compared to MAPT subjects (5.4%). Summary This represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the occurrence of movement disorder phenomenology in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Standardized prospective collection of clinical information in conjunction with genetic characterization will be crucial for accurate clinico-genetic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gasca-Salas
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, TWH, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centro integral en Neurociencias A.C. (CINAC)/HM Hospitales- Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Mario Masellis
- Centro integral en Neurociencias A.C. (CINAC)/HM Hospitales- Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edwin Khoo
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Binit B. Shah
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David Fisman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, TWH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Galit Kleiner-Fisman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Jeff and Diane Ross Movement Disorders Clinic, Baycrest Center for Geriatric Health, Toronto, Canada
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24
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Decker JM, Krüger L, Sydow A, Dennissen FJ, Siskova Z, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM. The Tau/A152T mutation, a risk factor for frontotemporal-spectrum disorders, leads to NR2B receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:552-69. [PMID: 26931569 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a novel transgenic mouse model expressing human full-length Tau with the Tau mutation A152T (hTau(AT)), a risk factor for FTD-spectrum disorders including PSP and CBD Brain neurons reveal pathological Tau conformation, hyperphosphorylation, mis-sorting, aggregation, neuronal degeneration, and progressive loss, most prominently in area CA3 of the hippocampus. The mossy fiber pathway shows enhanced basal synaptic transmission without changes in short- or long-term plasticity. In organotypic hippocampal slices, extracellular glutamate increases early above control levels, followed by a rise in neurotoxicity. These changes are normalized by inhibiting neurotransmitter release or by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. CA3 neurons show elevated intracellular calcium during rest and after activity induction which is sensitive to NR2B antagonizing drugs, demonstrating a pivotal role of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Slices show pronounced epileptiform activity and axonal sprouting of mossy fibers. Excitotoxic neuronal death is ameliorated by ceftriaxone, which stimulates astrocytic glutamate uptake via the transporter EAAT2/GLT1. In summary, hTau(AT) causes excitotoxicity mediated by NR2B-containing NMDA receptors due to enhanced extracellular glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Krüger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Sydow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Siskova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany Caesar Research Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (Cologne), Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany Caesar Research Center, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Maeda S, Djukic B, Taneja P, Yu GQ, Lo I, Davis A, Craft R, Guo W, Wang X, Kim D, Ponnusamy R, Gill TM, Masliah E, Mucke L. Expression of A152T human tau causes age-dependent neuronal dysfunction and loss in transgenic mice. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:530-51. [PMID: 26931567 PMCID: PMC4818780 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A152T‐variant human tau (hTau‐A152T) increases risk for tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Comparing mice with regulatable expression of hTau‐A152T or wild‐type hTau (hTau‐WT), we find age‐dependent neuronal loss, cognitive impairments, and spontaneous nonconvulsive epileptiform activity primarily in hTau‐A152T mice. However, overexpression of either hTau species enhances neuronal responses to electrical stimulation of synaptic inputs and to an epileptogenic chemical. hTau‐A152T mice have higher hTau protein/mRNA ratios in brain, suggesting that A152T increases production or decreases clearance of hTau protein. Despite their functional abnormalities, aging hTau‐A152T mice show no evidence for accumulation of insoluble tau aggregates, suggesting that their dysfunctions are caused by soluble tau. In human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice, co‐expression of hTau‐A152T enhances risk of early death and epileptic activity, suggesting copathogenic interactions between hTau‐A152T and amyloid‐β peptides or other hAPP metabolites. Thus, the A152T substitution may augment risk for neurodegenerative diseases by increasing hTau protein levels, promoting network hyperexcitability, and synergizing with the adverse effects of other pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiro Maeda
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Biljana Djukic
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Praveen Taneja
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iris Lo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allyson Davis
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Craft
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weikun Guo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - T Michael Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sydow A, Hochgräfe K, Könen S, Cadinu D, Matenia D, Petrova O, Joseph M, Dennissen FJ, Mandelkow EM. Age-dependent neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a novel Ala152Thr-Tau transgenic mouse model of PSP and AD. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:17. [PMID: 26916334 PMCID: PMC4766625 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mutations of Tau are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the Tau mutation A152T was described as a novel risk factor for frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders and Alzheimer disease. In vitro Tau-A152T shows a decreased binding to microtubules and a reduced tendency to form abnormal fibers. Results To study the effects of this mutation we generated a mouse model expressing human full-length Tau with this mutation (hTau40AT). At young age (2–3 months) immunohistological analysis reveals pathological Tau conformation and Tau-hyperphosphorylation combined with Tau missorting into the somatodendritic compartment of neurons. With increasing age there is Tau aggregation including co-aggregates of endogenous mouse Tau and exogenous human Tau, accompanied by loss of synapses (especially presynaptic failure) and neurons. From ~10 months onwards the mice show a prominent neuroinflammatory response as judged by activation of microglia and astrocytes. This progressive neuroinflammation becomes visible by in vivo bioluminescence imaging after crossbreeding of hTau40AT mice and Gfap-luciferase reporter mice. In contrast to other Tau-transgenic models and Alzheimer disease patients with reduced protein clearance, hTau40AT mice show a strong induction of autophagy. Although Tau-hyperphosphorylation and aggregation is also present in spinal cord and motor cortex (due to the Thy1.2 promoter), neuromotor performance is not affected. Deficits in spatial reference memory are manifest at ~16 months and are accompanied by neuronal death. Conclusions The hTau40AT mice mimic pathological hallmarks of tauopathies including a cognitive phenotype combined with pronounced neuroinflammation visible by bioluminescence. Thus the mice are suitable for mechanistic studies of Tau induced toxicity and in vivo validation of neuroprotective compounds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0281-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Naasan G, Rabinovici GD, Ghosh P, Elofson JD, Miller BL, Coppola G, Karydas A, Fong J, Perry D, Lee SE, Yokoyama JS, Seeley WW, Kramer JH, Weiner MW, Schuff N, Jagust WJ, Grinberg LT, Pribadi M, Yang Z, Sears R, Klein E, Wojta K, Rosen HJ. Amyloid in dementia associated with familial FTLD: not an innocent bystander. Neurocase 2016; 22:76-83. [PMID: 26040468 PMCID: PMC4662906 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2015.1046458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) can show superimposed amyloid pathology, though the impact of amyloid on the clinical presentation of FTLD is not well characterized. This cross-sectional case-control study compared clinical features, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography metabolism and gray matter volume loss in 30 patients with familial FTLD in whom amyloid status was confirmed with autopsy or Pittsburgh compound B-PET. Compared to the amyloid-negative patients, the amyloid-positive patients performed significantly worse on several cognitive tests and showed hypometabolism and volume loss in more temporoparietal regions. Our results suggest that in FTLD amyloid positivity is associated with a more Alzheimer's disease-like pattern of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Naasan
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Pia Ghosh
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan D Elofson
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- d Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jamie Fong
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - David Perry
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - William W Seeley
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- b Department of Radiology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Norbert Schuff
- b Department of Radiology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - William J Jagust
- c School of Public Health , University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Mochtar Pribadi
- d Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Zhongan Yang
- d Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Renee Sears
- d Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Eric Klein
- d Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Kevin Wojta
- d Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
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A novel Alzheimer disease locus located near the gene encoding tau protein. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:108-17. [PMID: 25778476 PMCID: PMC4573764 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
APOE ɛ4, the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), may mask effects of other loci. We re-analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) Consortium in APOE ɛ4+ (10 352 cases and 9207 controls) and APOE ɛ4- (7184 cases and 26 968 controls) subgroups as well as in the total sample testing for interaction between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and APOE ɛ4 status. Suggestive associations (P<1 × 10(-4)) in stage 1 were evaluated in an independent sample (stage 2) containing 4203 subjects (APOE ɛ4+: 1250 cases and 536 controls; APOE ɛ4-: 718 cases and 1699 controls). Among APOE ɛ4- subjects, novel genome-wide significant (GWS) association was observed with 17 SNPs (all between KANSL1 and LRRC37A on chromosome 17 near MAPT) in a meta-analysis of the stage 1 and stage 2 data sets (best SNP, rs2732703, P=5·8 × 10(-9)). Conditional analysis revealed that rs2732703 accounted for association signals in the entire 100-kilobase region that includes MAPT. Except for previously identified AD loci showing stronger association in APOE ɛ4+ subjects (CR1 and CLU) or APOE ɛ4- subjects (MS4A6A/MS4A4A/MS4A6E), no other SNPs were significantly associated with AD in a specific APOE genotype subgroup. In addition, the finding in the stage 1 sample that AD risk is significantly influenced by the interaction of APOE with rs1595014 in TMEM106B (P=1·6 × 10(-7)) is noteworthy, because TMEM106B variants have previously been associated with risk of frontotemporal dementia. Expression quantitative trait locus analysis revealed that rs113986870, one of the GWS SNPs near rs2732703, is significantly associated with four KANSL1 probes that target transcription of the first translated exon and an untranslated exon in hippocampus (P ⩽ 1.3 × 10(-8)), frontal cortex (P ⩽ 1.3 × 10(-9)) and temporal cortex (P⩽1.2 × 10(-11)). Rs113986870 is also strongly associated with a MAPT probe that targets transcription of alternatively spliced exon 3 in frontal cortex (P=9.2 × 10(-6)) and temporal cortex (P=2.6 × 10(-6)). Our APOE-stratified GWAS is the first to show GWS association for AD with SNPs in the chromosome 17q21.31 region. Replication of this finding in independent samples is needed to verify that SNPs in this region have significantly stronger effects on AD risk in persons lacking APOE ɛ4 compared with persons carrying this allele, and if this is found to hold, further examination of this region and studies aimed at deciphering the mechanism(s) are warranted.
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Zempel H, Mandelkow EM. Tau missorting and spastin-induced microtubule disruption in neurodegeneration: Alzheimer Disease and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:68. [PMID: 26691836 PMCID: PMC4687341 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer Disease (AD), the mechanistic connection of the two major pathological hallmarks, namely deposition of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the form of extracellular plaques, and the pathological changes of the intracellular protein Tau (such as phosphorylation, missorting, aggregation), is not well understood. Genetic evidence from AD and Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21), and animal models thereof, suggests that aberrant production of Aβ is upstream of Tau aggregation, but also points to Tau as a critical effector in the pathological process. Yet, the cascade of events leading from increased levels of Aβ to Tau-dependent toxicity remains a matter of debate. Using primary neurons exposed to oligomeric forms of Aβ, we have found that Tau becomes mislocalized (missorted) into the somatodendritic compartment. Missorting of Tau correlates with loss of microtubules and downstream consequences such as loss of mature spines, loss of synaptic activity, and mislocalization of mitochondria. In this cascade, missorting of Tau induces mislocalization of TTLL6 (Tubulin-Tyrosine-Ligase-Like 6) into the dendrites. TTLL6 induces polyglutamylation of microtubules, which acts as a trigger for spastin mediated severing of dendritic microtubules. Loss of microtubules makes cells unable to maintain transport of mitochondria, which in turn results in synaptic dysfunction and loss of mature spines. These pathological changes are absent in TauKO derived primary neurons. Thus, Tau mediated mislocalization of TTLL6 and spastin activation reveals a pathological gain of function for Tau and spastin in this cellular model system of AD. In contrast, in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations of the gene encoding spastin (spg4 alias SPAST), spastin function in terms of microtubule severing is decreased at least for the gene product of the mutated allele, resulting in overstable microtubules in disease model systems. Whether total spastin severing activity or microtubule stability in human disease is also affected is not yet clear. No human disease has been associated so far with the long-chain polyglutamylation enzyme TTLL6, or the other TTLLs (1,5,11) possibly involved. Here we review the findings supporting a role for Tau, spastin and TTLL6 in AD and other tauopathies, HSP and neurodegeneration, and summarize possible therapeutic approaches for AD and HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Zempel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. .,MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. .,CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany. .,MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration in cognition, function and behavior terminating in incapacity and death, is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease with a substantial heritable component. During the past 5 years, the technological developments in next-generation high-throughput genome technologies have led to the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci for AD, and have implicated specific pathways in the disease, in particular intracellular trafficking/endocytosis, inflammation and immune response and lipid metabolism. These observations have significantly advanced our understanding of underlying pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. This review article summarizes these recent advances in AD genomics and discusses the value of identified susceptibility loci for diagnosis and prognosis of AD.
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Cook C, Kang SS, Carlomagno Y, Lin WL, Yue M, Kurti A, Shinohara M, Jansen-West K, Perkerson E, Castanedes-Casey M, Rousseau L, Phillips V, Bu G, Dickson DW, Petrucelli L, Fryer JD. Tau deposition drives neuropathological, inflammatory and behavioral abnormalities independently of neuronal loss in a novel mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6198-212. [PMID: 26276810 PMCID: PMC4599677 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant tau protein accumulation drives neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in several neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, efforts to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and assess the efficacy of therapeutic targets are limited by constraints of existing models of tauopathy. In order to generate a more versatile mouse model of tauopathy, somatic brain transgenesis was utilized to deliver adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) encoding human mutant P301L-tau compared with GFP control. At 6 months of age, we observed widespread human tau expression with concomitant accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and abnormally folded proteinase K resistant tau. However, no overt neuronal loss was observed, though significant abnormalities were noted in the postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD95. Neurofibrillary pathology was also detected with Gallyas silver stain and Thioflavin-S, and electron microscopy revealed the deposition of closely packed filaments. In addition to classic markers of tauopathy, significant neuroinflammation and extensive gliosis were detected in AAV1-TauP301L mice. This model also recapitulates the behavioral phenotype characteristic of mouse models of tauopathy, including abnormalities in exploration, anxiety, and learning and memory. These findings indicate that biochemical and neuropathological hallmarks of tauopathies are accurately conserved and are independent of cell death in this novel AAV-based model of tauopathy, which offers exceptional versatility and speed in comparison with existing transgenic models. Therefore, we anticipate this approach will facilitate the identification and validation of genetic modifiers of disease, as well as accelerate preclinical assessment of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Cook
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Silvia S Kang
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yari Carlomagno
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Aishe Kurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Karen Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Emilie Perkerson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Monica Castanedes-Casey
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Linda Rousseau
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Virginia Phillips
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - John D Fryer
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia, and is a major public health problem. Despite intensive research efforts, current treatments have only marginal symptomatic benefits and there are no effective disease-modifying or preventive interventions. AD has a strong genetic component, so much research in AD has focused on identifying genetic causes and risk factors. This chapter will cover genetic discoveries in AD and their consequences in terms of improved knowledge regarding the disease and the identification of biomarkers and drug targets. First, we will discuss the study of the rare early-onset, autosomal dominant forms of AD that led to the discovery of mutations in three major genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. These discoveries have shaped our current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of AD as well as the development of therapeutic targets and the design of clinical trials. Then, we will explore linkage analysis and candidate gene approaches, which identified variants in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset, "sporadic" forms of AD (LOAD), but failed to robustly identify other genetic risk factors, with the exception of variants in SORL1. The main focus of this chapter will be on recent genome-wide association studies that have successfully identified common genetic variations at over 20 loci associated with LOAD outside of the APOE locus. These loci are in or near-novel AD genes including BIN1, CR1, CLU, phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), CD33, EPHA1, MS4A4/MS4A6, ABCA7, CD2AP, SORL1, HLA-DRB5/DRB1, PTK2B, SLC24A4-RIN3, INPP5D, MEF2C, NME8, ZCWPW1, CELF1, FERMT2, CASS4, and TRIP4 and each has small effects on risk of AD (relative risks of 1.1-1.3). Finally, we will touch upon the ongoing effort to identify less frequent and rare variants through whole exome and whole genome sequencing. This effort has identified two novel genes, TREM2 and PLD3, and shown a role for APP in LOAD. The identification of these recently identified genes has implicated previously unsuspected biological pathways in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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Defining the genetic connection linking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Trends Genet 2015; 31:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Daneshvar DH, Goldstein LE, Kiernan PT, Stein TD, McKee AC. Post-traumatic neurodegeneration and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 66:81-90. [PMID: 25758552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Concussive and subconcussive forms of closed-head injury due to impact or blast neurotrauma represent the most common types of TBI in civilian and military settings. It is becoming increasingly evident that TBI can lead to persistent, long-term debilitating effects, and in some cases, progressive neurodegeneration and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The epidemiological literature suggests that a single moderate-to-severe TBI may be associated with accelerated neurodegeneration and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or motor neuron disease. However, the pathologic phenotype of these post-traumatic neurodegenerations is largely unknown and there may be pathobiological differences between post-traumatic disease and the corresponding sporadic disorder. By contrast, the pathology of CTE is increasingly well known and is characterized by a distinctive pattern of progressive brain atrophy and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary and glial tangles, dystrophic neurites, 43 kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) neuronal and glial aggregates, microvasculopathy, myelinated axonopathy, neuroinflammation, and white matter degeneration. Clinically, CTE is associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction, memory deficits, and cognitive impairments that begin insidiously and most often progress slowly over decades. Although research on the long-term effects of TBI is advancing quickly, the incidence and prevalence of post-traumatic neurodegeneration and CTE are unknown. Critical knowledge gaps include elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms, identification of genetic risk factors, and clarification of relevant variables-including age at exposure to trauma, history of prior and subsequent head trauma, substance use, gender, stress, and comorbidities-all of which may contribute to risk profiles and the development of post-traumatic neurodegeneration and CTE. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Traumatic Brain Injury'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Daneshvar
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick T Kiernan
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, is divided into three grades of severity: mild, moderate, and severe, based on the Glasgow Coma Scale, the loss of consciousness, and the development of post-traumatic amnesia. Although mild traumatic brain injury, including concussion and subconcussion, is by far the most common, it is also the most difficult to diagnose and the least well understood. Proper recognition, management, and treatment of acute concussion and mild traumatic brain injury are the fundamentals of an emerging clinical discipline. It is also becoming increasingly clear that some mild traumatic brain injuries have persistent, and sometimes progressive, long-term debilitating effects. Evidence indicates that a single traumatic brain injury can precipitate or accelerate multiple age-related neurodegenerations, increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease, and that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries can provoke the development of a tauopathy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Clinically, chronic traumatic encephalopathy is associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction, memory loss, and cognitive impairments that begin insidiously and progress slowly over decades. Pathologically, chronic traumatic encephalopathy produces atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes, thalamus, and hypothalamus, septal abnormalities, and abnormal deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (τ) as neurofibrillary tangles and disordered neurites throughout the brain. The incidence and prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the genetic risk factors critical to its development are currently unknown. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy frequently occurs as a sole diagnosis, but may be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, and motor neuron disease. Currently, chronic traumatic encephalopathy can be diagnosed only at autopsy; however, promising efforts to develop imaging, spinal fluid, and peripheral blood biomarkers are underway to diagnose and monitor the course of disease in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Mckee
- VA Boston HealthCare System; Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Alzheimer's Disease Center, and Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- VA Boston HealthCare System; Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Alzheimer's Disease Center, and Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Liu J, Wang X, Li J, Wang H, Wei G, Yan J. Reconstruction of the gene regulatory network involved in the sonic hedgehog pathway with a potential role in early development of the mouse brain. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003884. [PMID: 25299227 PMCID: PMC4191885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is crucial for pattern formation in early central nervous system development. By systematically analyzing high-throughput in situ hybridization data of E11.5 mouse brain, we found that Shh and its receptor Ptch1 define two adjacent mutually exclusive gene expression domains: Shh+Ptch1− and Shh−Ptch1+. These two domains are associated respectively with Foxa2 and Gata3, two transcription factors that play key roles in specifying them. Gata3 ChIP-seq experiments and RNA-seq assays on Gata3-knockdown cells revealed that Gata3 up-regulates the genes that are enriched in the Shh−Ptch1+ domain. Important Gata3 targets include Slit2 and Slit3, which are involved in the process of axon guidance, as well as Slc18a1, Th and Qdpr, which are associated with neurotransmitter synthesis and release. By contrast, Foxa2 both up-regulates the genes expressed in the Shh+Ptch1− domain and down-regulates the genes characteristic of the Shh−Ptch1+ domain. From these and other data, we were able to reconstruct a gene regulatory network governing both domains. Our work provides the first genome-wide characterization of the gene regulatory network involved in the Shh pathway that underlies pattern formation in the early mouse brain. Recent large-scale projects of high-throughput in situ hybridization (ISH) have generated a wealth of spatiotemporal information on gene expression patterns in the early mouse brain. We have developed a computational approach that combines publicly available high-throughput ISH data with our own experimental data to investigate gene regulation, involving signal molecules and transcription factors (TFs), during early brain development. The analysis indicates that two key TFs, Foxa2 and Gata3, play antagonizing roles in the formation of two mutually exclusive domains established by the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the developing mouse brain. Further ChIP-seq and RNA-seq experiments support this hypothesis and have identified novel target genes of Gata3, including the axon guidance regulators Slit2 and Slit3 as well as three neurotransmitter-associated genes, Slc18a1, Th and Qdpr. The findings have allowed us to reconstruct the gene regulatory network brought into play by the Sonic hedgehog pathway that mediates early mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelong Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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